1、BS EN 939:2016Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption HydrochloricacidBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 939:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 939:2016. It supersed
2、es BS EN 939:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to incl
3、ude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 86575 6 ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obliga
4、tions.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 939:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 939 May 2016 ICS 71.100.80 Superse
5、des EN 939:2009English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Hydrochloric acid Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Acide chlorhydrique Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Salz
6、sure This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
7、references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of
8、a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mace
9、donia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EURO
10、PISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 939:2016 EBS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduc
11、tion 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Description 6 3.1 Identification 6 3.1.1 Chemical name . 6 3.1.2 Synonym or common names . 6 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass . 6 3.1.4 Empirical formula . 6 3.1.5 Chemical formula 6 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number). 7 3.1.7 EINECS reference). 7 3.2 Commercial form
12、s . 7 3.3 Physical properties . 7 3.3.1 Appearance 7 3.3.2 Density 7 3.3.3 Solubility 7 3.3.4 Vapour pressure 7 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa . 7 3.3.6 Melting or freezing point 8 3.3.7 Specific heat 8 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) 8 3.3.9 Critical temperature 8 3.3.10 Critical pressure 8 3.3.11 Physic
13、al hardness . 8 3.4 Chemical properties . 8 4 Purity criteria . 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Composition of commercial product 8 4.3 Impurities and main by-products . 9 4.4 Chemical parameters . 9 5 Test methods 9 5.1 Sampling . 9 5.2 Analysis . 9 5.2.1 Determination of hydrochloric acid content (main produc
14、t) . 9 5.2.2 Impurities . 10 5.2.3 Chemical parameters 14 6 Labelling Transportation Storage 16 6.1 Means of delivery . 16 6.2 Labelling according to the EU legislation)16 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling . 18 6.4 Marking 18 6.5 Storage . 18 BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 3 6.5.1 Containe
15、rs . 18 6.5.2 Long term stability . 18 6.5.3 Storage incompatibilities . 18 Annex A (informative) General information on hydrochloric acid . 19 A.1 Origin 19 A.1.1 Raw materials 19 A.1.2 Manufacturing process . 19 A.2 Use 19 A.2.1 Function . 19 A.2.2 Form in which it is used 19 A.2.3 Treatment dose
16、. 19 A.2.4 Mean of application 19 A.2.5 Secondary effects 19 A.2.6 Removal of excess product 20 A.3 Routine analyses . 20 Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety 21 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use . 21 B.2 Emergency procedures . 21 B.2.1 First aid 21 B.2.2 Spillage . 21 B.2.3 Fire .
17、 21 Annex C (normative) Determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (atomic absorption spectrometry hydride technique) 22 C.1 Safety precautions 22 C.2 General principle 22 C.3 Interferences 22 C.4 Reagents . 22 C.5 Apparatus 24 C.6 Procedure 26 C.6.1 Preparation of the apparatus . 26 C.6.2 Prep
18、aration of calibration solutions . 27 C.6.3 Preparation of test solutions and standard solutions . 27 C.6.4 Determination of arsenic with sodium borohydride . 27 C.6.5 Determination of selenium with sodium borohydride . 27 C.6.6 Determination of antimony with sodium borohydride 28 C.7 Calculation. 2
19、8 Bibliography . 29 BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (EN 939:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicat
20、ion of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC s
21、hall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 939:2009. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 939:2009 are as follows: a) deletion of reference to EU Directive 67/548/EEC of June 27, 1967 in order to take into account
22、the latest Regulation in force (see 2); b) use of the changed classification and labelling (see 2). According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, C
23、yprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the Uni
24、ted Kingdom. BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 5 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used w
25、ithout restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European S
26、tandard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard i
27、s applicable to hydrochloric acid used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of hydrochloric acid and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for hydrochloric acid. It gives information on its use in water treatment (see Annex A
28、). It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of hydrochloric acid (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cit
29、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 12846, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic absorption spectro
30、metry (AAS) with and without enrichment (ISO 12846) ISO 904, Hydrochloric acid for industrial use Determination of total acidity Titrimetric method ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 668
31、5, Chemical products for industrial use General method for determination of iron content 1,10-Phenanthroline spectrophotometric method ISO 8288, Water quality Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods ISO 9174, Water quality Determi
32、nation of chromium Atomic absorption spectrometric methods 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Hydrochloric acid. 3.1.2 Synonym or common names Muriatic acid, hydrogen chloride. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 36,46. 3.1.4 Empirical formula HCl. 3.1.5 Chemical formula HCl. BS EN 939:2
33、016EN 939:2016 (E) 7 3.1.6 CAS Registry Number1)7647-01-0. 3.1.7 EINECS reference2)231-595-7. 3.2 Commercial forms The product is supplied as aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid with mass fraction of 25 % to 38 % (concentrated acid). Dilutions of these solutions are also available. 3.3 Physical p
34、roperties 3.3.1 Appearance The solution is colourless to yellow and slightly fuming to strongly fuming, depending on concentration. 3.3.2 Density The density is between 1,135 g/ml and 1,185 g/ml at 20 C, depending on concentration. 3.3.3 Solubility The product is miscible with water in any proportio
35、n. 3.3.4 Vapour pressure The vapour pressure for HCl at mass fraction 30 % depending on temperature is given in Table 1. Table 1 Vapour pressure of hydrochloric acid solutions Temperature ptotal pHCl pH2O C kPa kPa kPa 20 2,13 1,41 0,72 50 13,73 9,46 4,27 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa The boiling p
36、oint of HCl depending on concentration is given in Table 2. Table 2 Boiling point of hydrochloric acid solutions Concentration Boiling point at 100 kPa aMass fraction in % C 25 104 30 90 38 50,5 a100 kPa = 1 bar. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commer
37、cial Chemical Substances. BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 8 3.3.6 Melting or freezing point The melting or freezing point of HCl depending on concentration is given in Table 3. Table 3 Melting or freezing point Concentration Melting or freezing point Mass fraction in % C 38 27 25 75 3.3.7 Specific hea
38、t 3,14 kJ/(kg K) at 18 C for HCl at mass fraction 16,83 %. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of a HCl at mass fraction 30 %, solution at 15 C, is 1,9 mPa.s. 3.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical
39、 properties The solution of hydrochloric acid is a strong mineral acid. 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for hydrochloric acid used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly presen
40、t in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of ap
41、propriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required dosage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in this product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where thes
42、e are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commerc
43、ial product As concentrated acid the concentration of HCl solution shall be at least at mass fraction of 25 %. More diluted solutions are commercially available; the concentration of hydrochloric acid shall be equal to or greater than the manufacturer specified value. BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 9
44、 4.3 Impurities and main by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 4. Table 4 Impurities Impurity Limit mg/kg of HCl mass fraction 100 % Iron (Fe) max. 170 Halogenated organic compounds (as Cl) max. 17 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requir
45、ements specified in Table 5. Table 5 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit mg/kg of HCl mass fraction 100 % Type 1 Type 2 Arsenic (As) max. 3 10 Cadmium (Cd) max. 1 5 Chromium (Cr) max. 3 10 Mercury (Hg) max. 0,5 3 Nickel (Ni) max. 3 10 Lead (Pb) max. 3 20 Antimony (Sb) max. 1 10 Selenium (Se) max. 5
46、10 NOTE Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not relevant in HCl. Cyanide which does not exist in a very acidic media, such as hydrochloric acid, is not a relevant chemical parameter. For parametric values of hydrochloric acid on trace metal content in drinking water, see 1. 5 Test me
47、thods 5.1 Sampling Observe the general recommendations of ISO 3165 and take ISO 6206 into account. 5.2 Analysis 5.2.1 Determination of hydrochloric acid content (main product) The determination of total acidity is carried out by titration in accordance with ISO 904. BS EN 939:2016EN 939:2016 (E) 10
48、5.2.2 Impurities 5.2.2.1 Determination of iron content 5.2.2.1.1 Preparation of the test solution In accordance with ISO 6685. 5.2.2.1.2 Procedure In accordance with ISO 6685. 5.2.2.2 Determination of content of halogenated organic compounds 5.2.2.2.1 General Halogenated organic compounds are determ
49、ined as the extractable organic halogens (EOX). This method applies to hydrochloric acid solutions with a content of EOX, expressed as chloride, exceeding 20 g/l. 5.2.2.2.2 Principle EOX are extracted from hydrochloric acid in two stages using heptane. The extract is burned in an oxy-hydrogen flame. The mineralization products occurring in the condensate are determined on the basis of an argentometric reaction or an equivalent method. 5.2.2.2.3 Reagents All reagents shall be of a recognized analytical grade an
