1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14488-2:2006Testing sprayed concrete Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concreteThe European Standard EN 14488-2:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 91.100.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40
2、g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14488-2:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 September 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49308 3National forewordThis British St
3、andard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14488-2:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/10, Sprayed concrete.A list of organizations represented on B/517/10 can be obtained on request to its secre
4、tary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDN
5、ORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14488-2June 2006ICS 91.100.30English VersionTesting sprayed concrete - Part 2: Compressive strength ofyoung sprayed concreteEssais pour bton projet - Partie 2 : Rsistance lacompression au jeune ge du bton projetPrfung von Spritzbeton - Teil 2: Druckfestigkeit vonjunge
6、m SpritzbetonThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographic
7、al references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN memb
8、er into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuan
9、ia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN Al
10、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14488-2:2006: EEN 14488-2:2006 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Principle4 2.1 General4 2.2 Method A: Penetration needle4 2.3 Method B: Stud driving .4 3 Apparatus .4 3.1 Method A: Penetr
11、ation needle4 3.2 Method B: Stud driving .4 4 Test specimen5 5 Procedures .5 5.1 Method A: Penetration needle5 5.2 Method B: Stud driving .5 6 Expression of results 7 6.1 Method A: Penetration needle7 6.2 Method B: Stud driving .7 7 Test report 8 7.1 Method A: Penetration needle8 7.2 Method B: Stud
12、driving .8 8 Precision.8 Annex A (informative) Example of calibration curves for needle penetrometer 9 Annex B (informative) Example of calibration curves for stud driver .10 EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14488-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
13、and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest b
14、y December 2007. This series EN 14488 Testing sprayed concrete includes the following parts: Part 1: Sampling fresh and hardened concrete Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual) of fibre reinforced beam specimens Part 4: B
15、ond strength of cores by direct tension Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre reinforced slab specimens Part 6: Thickness of concrete on a substrate Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards org
16、anizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, S
17、lovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This part specifies two methods from which an estimate of the in situ compressive strength of young hardened sprayed concrete can be made. 2 Principle 2.1 General The strength development of young sprayed
18、 concrete is assessed in the ranges of 0,2 MPa to 1,2 MPa and 3 MPa to 16 MPa respectively with Method A and Method B. 2.2 Method A: Penetration needle This method is used to measure the force required to push a needle of specified dimensions to penetrate into the sprayed concrete to a depth of 15 m
19、m +/- 2 mm. A penetrometer indicates the resisting force, through compression of a calibrated spring from which an estimated compressive strength can be derived from a conversion curve, to be provided by the producer of the test equipment. 2.3 Method B: Stud driving A stud is driven into the sprayed
20、 concrete and the depth of penetration is determined. The stud is then extracted and the pullout force measured. The ratio of pull-out force to penetration depth can be used to obtain an estimated compressive strength from a conversion curve, to be provided by the producer of the test equipment. 3 A
21、pparatus 3.1 Method A: Penetration needle 3.1.1 Penetrometer, capable of driving the needle into the surface and recording the force required to an accuracy of 10 N. The penetrometer shall be provided with a certified calibration curve, able to correlate readings to estimated compressive strength. A
22、n example of calibration curves is shown in Annex A. 3.1.2 Needle with a diameter of 3 mm +/- 0,1 mm and a tip with a taper angle of (60 +/- 5). 3.1.3 Test protocol form to record all test data. 3.2 Method B: Stud driving 3.2.1 Stud driving equipment to insert the stud into the sprayed concrete. The
23、 stud installer should be capable of percussively firing the stud into the concrete to a depth of at least 20 mm using proprietary equipment which has been calibrated to read compressive strength. 3.2.2 Pullout equipment, capable of applying a tensile force to the rod with the reaction being transmi
24、tted to the concrete surface through a bearing ring. The loading system shall ensure that the bearing ring is concentric with the rod and that the load is applied perpendicularly to the plane of the stud. The loading system shall include a means of indicating the maximum force applied to an accuracy
25、 of 5 %. The dial, scale or display shall have a device which shall permit the recording of the maximum applied force. 3.2.3 Test protocol form to record all test data. EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 5 NOTE Other apparatus is allowed provided that it gives the required performance, or it is possible to correla
26、te its performance to that required by the present standard. 4 Test specimen No special test specimen is required. The testing procedure can be used for measurements at any location without advance preparation. A sprayed concrete layer of no less than 100 mm thickness is required for testing. 5 Proc
27、edures 5.1 Method A: Penetration needle Record time and place of completion of spraying and start of testing. Ensure the force indicator is set to zero. Apply the device perpendicularly to the surface of the sprayed concrete layer and steadily push in the needle to a depth of 15 mm in a single conti
28、nuous movement. If this is prevented, for instance because of a large aggregate particle or reinforcement, then discontinue the test and repeat in an adjacent location. Read the resistance force from the scale, record the value on the protocol form and return indicator to original position. Clean th
29、e needle if necessary. Repeat the test ten times as quickly as possible (and within 1 min for strengths below 0,5 MPa) in an area representative of the sprayed region. Record the time at which the testing is finished (on protocol form). 5.2 Method B: Stud driving Load the stud driving equipment acco
30、rding to the manufacturers instructions. Apply the equipment to the surface of the sprayed concrete and drive in the stud. If the longest stud penetrates fully, wait for some time and repeat when the concrete is harder. Do not drive the thread into the sprayed concrete. If the projecting stud is too
31、 long (penetration depth 80 mm) between the studs. Figure 1 illustrates the distance between studs referring to the test panel. EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 6 Dimensions in millimetres Figure 1 Distance between studs Ensure that the studs do not penetrate the substrate by selection of an appropriate combinat
32、ion of stud length and/or cartridge. Measure the projecting length of the stud and record it on the test protocol form (see example in figure 2). EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 7 Key l Penetration depth s Protrusion of the stud from concrete c Concrete a Total length L stem length b thread length d thread widt
33、h Figure 2 Example for the definition of the stem and of the depth of stud penetration Determine the penetration depths of the studs on the test protocol form. Fasten pull-out equipment to the threaded end of the studs and extract in the same order as during insertion. Record the pull-out force of e
34、ach stud and the time of the start and end of testing of the 10 studs on the test protocol form. Correct each pull-out force using the calibration curve supplied with the equipment. An example of calibration curves is shown in Annex B. Determine the ratio of the pull-out force (P) to penetration len
35、gth (l) for each stud. 6 Expression of results 6.1 Method A: Penetration needle Calculate the mean resistance force from the 10 measurements. If required derive the estimated compressive strength from the manufacturers conversion curve. Extrapolation is not permitted. 6.2 Method B: Stud driving Calc
36、ulate the mean corrected pull-out force (using the calibration curve supplied with the equipment) from the 10 measurements. If required estimate the compressive strength on the basis of the mean P/l using the manufacturers conversion curve. Extrapolation is not permitted. EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 8 7 Tes
37、t report The report shall include: 7.1 Method A: Penetration needle a) test protocol form; b) description of the location and date of testing; c) type and serial number of the test equipment; d) times of completing spraying and start and finish of testing, to the nearest minute; e) ten measurements
38、of resistance force and the mean value to nearest 10 N; 7.2 Method B: Stud driving a) test protocol form; b) description of the location and date of testing; c) times of completing spraying and start and finish of testing, to the nearest minute; d) type and serial number of the insertion and pull-ou
39、t equipment; e) ten penetration measurements to the nearest millimetre, the ten pull-out values to the nearest 10 N, and the mean corrected pull-out value to the nearest 10 N; 8 Precision There are currently no precision data for this test. EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 9 Annex A (informative) Example of cali
40、bration curves for needle penetrometer Key X Compressive strength Restimin MPa Y Penetration force in daN 1 Confidence limit Figure A.1 Example of calibration curve for needle penetrometer for concretes made with aggregates with maximum size 8 mm (a) or for concretes made with aggregates with maximu
41、m size 16 mm (b) EN 14488-2:2006 (E) 10 Annex B (informative) Example of calibration curves for stud driver Calibration curves can be drafted by the following formula: - for concrete with limestone aggregate with maximum size of 8 mm; Restim= (E/l+2,7)/7,69 - For concrete with limestone aggregates w
42、ith maximum size of 16 mm; Restim=(E/l+0,02)/6,69 - For concrete with siliceous aggregate with maximum size of 16 mm; Restim=(E/l-3,32)/5,13 Where Restimis the estimated compressive strength; l is the depth of penetration of the stud E is the reading. blankBS EN 14488-2:2006BSI389 Chiswick High Road
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