1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14649:2005 Precast concrete products Test method for strength retention of glass fibres in cement and concrete (SIC TEST) The European Standard EN 14649:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.30 BS EN 14649:2005 This British Standard was published under the autho
2、rity of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 6 May 2005 BSI 6 May 2005 ISBN 0 580 45990 X National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14649:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/524, Precast concrete
3、products, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue u
4、nder the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct a
5、pplication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed
6、; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the docu
7、ment was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14649 April2005 ICS91.100.30 Englishversion PrecastconcreteproductsTestmethodforstrengthretention ofglassfibresincementandconcrete(SICTEST) ProduitsprfabriqusenbtonMthoded
8、essaidela conservationdelarsistancedesfibresdeverreencontact aveclecimentetlebton(SICTEST) VorgefertigteBetonerzeugnissePrfverfahrenzur BestimmungderBestndigkeitvonGlasfaserninBeton (SICPrfung) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon3March2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegu
9、lationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialvers
10、ions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finlan
11、d,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruede
12、Stassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14649:2005:EEN 14649:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Material requirements.6 5 Test methods.9 5.1 Speci
13、men manufacture.9 5.2 Accelerated ageing .10 5.3 Mechanical testing10 6 Calculation of results11 Annex A (normative) Sand specification - SIC test 12 Annex B (informative) Strand in cement test results sheet.14 Bibliography.15 EN 14649:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14649:2005) has been prepa
14、red by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national
15、 standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republ
16、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14649:2005 (E) 4 Introduction The Strand in Cement (SIC) test m
17、easures the tensile strength of a glass fibre strand in a specified hardened cement or mortar environment. The test enables an assessment to be made of the strength durability of strands of glass fibre after accelerated ageing, under conditions which approximate to those in a cement or concrete prec
18、ast product. This test may be used to ensure that an AR glass fibre complies with the specified minimum value of retained strength as defined in the related standard Precast Concrete products - classification of GRC performances when tested in standard conditions. The test is a type test, and is app
19、ropriate to determine whether the fibre is suitable to use in a standard current matrix, or if necessary using different types of cement or modified cement matrices. The method utilises a strand of glass fibre as used in the commercial glass fibre reinforcement product. In the test the middle sectio
20、n of a length of glass fibre strand is encased within a block of cement paste. The block is cured and aged under defined conditions for a given time and the strength of the encased part of the strand is determined by applying a tensile load at each end of the strand. The test may be performed on str
21、ands extracted from a roving or on strands from a cake prior to making up into rovings or chopped strands. Strands of different tex may be assessed. EN 14649:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document provides details of equipment, materials and procedure for performing the Strand in Cement test on a sample o
22、f glass fibre strand in a hardened cement environment. Requirements for glass fibres used as reinforcement in cements and concrete are defined in the European Standard Precast Concrete products - classification of GRC performances. It applies to continuous filament glass fibre products in the form o
23、f rovings, strands, or chopped strands and related products such as nets or chopped strand mats based on these products. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
24、 references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1169:1999, Precast Concrete Products General rules for factory production control of glass-fibre reinforced cement. EN ISO 1889, Reinforcement yarns Determination of linear density (ISO 1889:1997). EN I
25、SO 3344, Reinforcement products Determination of moisture content (ISO 3344:1997). EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004). ISO 1887, T
26、extile glass Determination of combustible-matter content. ISO 1888, Textile glass Staple fibres or filaments Determination of average diameter. ISO 3341, Textile glass Yarns Determination of breaking force and breaking elongation. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms
27、and definitions given in EN 1169:1999 and the following apply. 3.1 Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fibre glass fibre product resistant to the alkaline environment of matrices made from hydraulic cement, and manufactured and sold for the reinforcement of cement and concrete products The resistance is due
28、 particularly to a specific composition of the glass. 3.2 filament single glass fibre as obtained from the manufacturing process NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472. 3.3 strand number of approximately parallel filaments of 10 m30 m individual filament diameter, held together with a size NOTE Adapted from E
29、N ISO 472 and ISO 1888. EN 14649:2005 (E) 6 3.4 cake number of strands wound together on a former; an intermediate stage in the manufacturing process, prior to the conversion to “rovings“ or “chopped strands“ 3.5 roving number of parallel strands wound together on a mandrel to form a uniform cylindr
30、ical package size NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472. 3.6 chopped strands number of filaments bonded together with size to form strands in cake form, and then chopped into discrete lengths generally between 3 mm and 50 mm by the glass fibre manufacturer NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472. 3.7 size coating mater
31、ials applied to the strand during manufacture to facilitate or improve processing, use and performance of the glass fibres NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472. 3.8 tex mass in grams per kilometre length of roving or strand, in units of TEX NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 1889. 3.9 glass fibre reinforced cement (o
32、r concrete) GRC composite material consisting of a matrix of hydraulic binder reinforced with glass fibres, these materials being compatible 3.10 matrix part of glass-fibre reinforced cement including the mixture of sand, cement, water and if necessary additives and admixtures It is made up of the m
33、ixture of sand, cement, water and any additives and admixtures. 3.11 category A: strength retention by strand (SIC) test 250 MPa B: strength retention by strand (SIC) test 350 MPa 4 Material requirements The material shall include: a frame to hold the strands and to form ten moulds 30 mm x 10 mm x 1
34、0 mm into which cement is cast (Figure 1); a scale capable of weighing to 0,1 g; a scale capable of weighing to 0,1 mg; EN 14649:2005 (E) 7 a curing chamber capable of maintaining the frame assembly at (20 2) C and at 100 % Relative Humidity; a water bath or container, with a ratio: volume 1 dm 3per
35、 10 specimens, capable of maintaining moulded specimens at the required temperature 1 C; a testing machine of accuracy meeting the class 2 requirements specified in EN ISO 7500-1 with a load cell of 200 Newton full-scale deflection and a cross head speed of 1 mm/min; an oven capable of maintaining a
36、 temperature of (30 100) C 1 C; storage containers and mixing vessels, spatula etc. EN 14649:2005 (E) 8 Key 1 Wooden frame 2 Plywood base 3 Cross piece 4 Gauge length markers 5 End block 6 Glassfibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) or similar mould block 7 Slot for plywood base 8 Top cross piece 9 Bottom c
37、ross piece 10 Top cross piece 11 Bottom cross piece 12 Plywood base 13 Frame Figure 1 Frame for SIC specimen manufacture EN 14649:2005 (E) 9 5 Test methods 5.1 Specimen manufacture Ten individual specimens of the type shown in Figure 2 are needed for each determination. Key 1 Modelling clay 2 Grip l
38、ength 3 “Bare“ strand test length of 20 mm 4 Resin impregnated strand 5 Cement block L = 30 mm; width = 10 mm; thickness = 10 mm 6 30 mm Figure 2 Strand in cement (SIC) specimen The test is typically performed on strands (separated from a roving or cake) of between 19 tex and 150 tex. Experience has
39、 shown that the test is suitable for strands of 320 tex at maximum. Using the test frame, lengths of glass fibre strand are laid across the frame and held under slight tension by means of adhesive tape. At this stage, from the immediately adjacent portion of each length of strand a 1 m (to 2 mm) len
40、gth is cut off and weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg in order to determine the strand tex. The weight measured for each length is corrected for size content. Subtracting the percentage size content of the glass fibre product as determined by ISO 1887 does this. The central 20 mm test lengths of the glas
41、s fibre strands are defined by a marking system, for example by cotton or glass threads laid transversely across the centre portion of the frame. The epoxy resin, dyed with a colour to make more visible, is then applied as a coating to the test strands from a position 10 mm inside the frame edge up
42、to the markers, leaving the central test length uncoated. The guide system is then removed and the glass strands straightened and tensioned before allowing the resin to cure. After the resin is cured, a small quantity of modelling clay or silicone sealant is placed around the strand, in the form of
43、a grommet, at the point where the resin impregnated portion ends and the test length begins, and the moulds for the cement mortar blocks are positioned around the test lengths. The purpose of the clay grommet is to prevent any adherence between the resin-coated part of the strand and the cement mort
44、ar block. Any strands that have become loose are re-tensioned. EN 14649:2005 (E) 10 The cement mortar is mixed thoroughly by hand or with an automatic device in a beaker for 3 min to 4 min when the water is added. The cement used should be a Standard cement from a consistent source to ensure repeata
45、bility and is preferably a type with defined alkali content of Na 2 O-equivalent of 0,60 % 0,05 %. For standard evaluation of glass fibres, the mix proportions to be used are: Standard Rapid Hardening Portland cement (CEM I) as above: 75 parts by weight; sand (see specification Annex A): 25 parts by
46、 weight; water 32 parts by weight. The moulds around the fibre strand test pieces are filled with the cement slurry and the frame tapped to ensure the mould is completely filled and level. Care shall be taken to avoid abrasion of the test fibre strands. Immediately after filling the moulds with ceme
47、nt, the frame is placed for 24 h in a curing chamber with a temperature of (20 25) C and a RH of (90 100) %. After this period, the moulds are dismantled from around the test pieces and identifying marks are applied to individual specimens. 5.2 Accelerated ageing Groups of ten specimens, manufacture
48、d as in 5.1, are subjected to an accelerated ageing by controlled immersion in hot water. For the purpose of this document, the ageing regime is: immersion in deionised water maintained at 80 C ( 1 C) for 96 h ( 1 h). NOTE For a full assessment of a new alkali resistant glass fibre or modified cement mixture, it is useful in addition to adopt testing points of immediately after the 24 h setting period and then after 36 h, 64 h and finally 96 h of hot water immersion. This wil
