1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15028:2012Chemicals used for treatmentof water intended for humanconsumption SodiumchlorateBS EN 15028:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK
2、 implementation of EN 15028:2012. It supersedes BS EN 15028:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secr
3、etary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77701 1 ICS 13.060.20; 71.100.80 Compliance with a British S
4、tandard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 15028:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE
5、 NORM EN 15028 November 2012 ICS 71.100.80 Supersedes EN 15028:2006English Version Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption - Sodium chlorate Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau destine la consommation humaine - Chlorate de sodiumProdukte zur Aufbereitun
6、g von Wasser fr den menschlichen Gebrauch - Natriumchlorat This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 September 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard wit
7、hout any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
8、 language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D
9、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMIT
10、TEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15028:2012: EBS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2
11、012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Description .54 Purity criteria 85 Test methods 96 Labelling - transportation - storage 15Annex A (informative) General information on sodium chlorate . 18Annex B (normative) General rules relating to safety 19Annex
12、C (informative) Environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical laboratory 20Bibliography . 21BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15028:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Eu
13、ropean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
14、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15028:2006. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 15028:2006 are as follows: a) Modification of 6.
15、2 on labelling, deletion of the reference to EU Directive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 in order to take account of the latest Directive in force. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Stan
16、dard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
17、ain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 4 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no inf
18、ormation as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remai
19、n in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by national authorities. BS EN 15028:2012
20、EN 15028:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to sodium chlorate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium chlorate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium chlorate. It gives informat
21、ion on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of sodium chlorate (see Annex B) and gives the environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical laboratory (see Annex C). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part,
22、 are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Spe
23、cification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 11885, Water quality Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (ISO 11885) EN ISO 12846, Water quality Determination of mercury Method using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with and with
24、out enrichment (ISO 12846) ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from
25、 powders to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Identification 3.1.1 Chemical name Sodium chlorate 3.1.2 Synonym or common names None (for the processes related to treatment of drinking water) NOTE Commercial names of formulations might exist. Purity needs to be checked in case of use for treatment of wa
26、ter. 3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 106,45 3.1.4 Empirical formula NaClO3BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 6 3.1.5 Chemical formula NaClO33.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)7775-09-9 3.1.7 EINECS reference 2)231-887-4 3.2 Commercial form Sodium chlorate is commercially available in crystalline form or as a
27、powder and as an aqueous solution. 3.3 Physical properties 3.3.1 Appearance and odour The product is a colourless solid as a powder or the product is a faint blue to colourless solution. 3.3.2 Density The density of an aqueous solution of sodium chlorate is given in Table 1. Table 1 Density of sodiu
28、m chlorate solution Concentration of aqueous solution of sodium chlorate solution (Mass fraction in %) Density (g/ml at 20 C) 30 1,2440 1,3350 1,443.3.3 Solubility in water The solubility of sodium chlorate in water is given in Table 2. Table 2 Solubility of sodium chlorate Temperature (C) Solubilit
29、y (g/l) 10 65020 70040 78060 8801)Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2)European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 7 3.3.4 Vapour pressure Not applicable (thermal decomposition occurs at 400 C) 3.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)The boiling
30、 point of aqueous solutions of sodium chlorate is given in Table 3. Table 3 Boiling point at 100 kPaof aqueous solutions of sodium chlorate Concentration of aqueous solution of sodium chlorate (g NaClO3/kg of saturated solution) 400 450 500 550 600 650 700Boiling point (C) 106 107 109 110 111 113 11
31、63.3.6 Crystallisation The crystallisation point of aqueous solutions of sodium chlorate depending on concentration in water is given in Table 4. Table 4 Crystallisation point of sodium chlorate aqueous solutions Concentration of aqueous solution of sodium chlorate (mass fraction in %) Crystallisati
32、on point (C) 40 -20 45 0 50 20 55 3260 553.3.7 Melting point The melting point (of the solid) is 248 C; and the thermal decomposition is at 400 C. 3.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The relative viscosity of aqueous solutions of mass fraction of 40 % of sodium chlorate compared with water at the same tempera
33、ture between 25 C and 35 C is 2,07. 3.3.9 Critical temperature in aqueous solution Not applicable. 3.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3)100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 8 3.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.4 Chemical properties The sodium chlorate is a strong oxidisin
34、g agent. NOTE 1 When an acidic sodium chlorate solution is treated with a reducing agent (e.g. hydrogen peroxide (EN 902) or oxalic acid), chlorine dioxide can be formed. NOTE 2 The formation of chlorine dioxide can also be obtained by acidification if the acid applied is capable of acting as a redu
35、cing agent in the current environment. For the purpose of drinking water treatment one should use acids of quality in accordance with existing standards for the purpose: hydrochloric acid (EN 939); sulfuric acid (EN 899); phosphoric acid (EN 974). 4 Purity criteria 4.1 General This European Standard
36、 specifies the minimum purity requirements for sodium chlorate used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities may be present and, if so, this
37、 shall be notified to be user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of this product should check the national regulations in order to clarify whether it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, required do
38、sage, contents of other impurities and additives used in the product not stated in this product standard. Limits have been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If the product
39、ion process or raw materials lead to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives being present, this shall be notified to the user. 4.2 Composition of commercial product The sodium chlorate is commercially available as solid forms usually with a minimum dry mass fraction of 99 % o
40、f NaClO3. Commercial solutions if used for water treatment shall be certified to be made-up on the basis of the product with a dry mass fraction of 99 %. No additional substances like colorants shall be added to the basic product or to the solutions. The content of sodium chlorate in commercially av
41、ailable solutions shall be within 3 % of the manufacturers declared value. 4.3 Impurities and main by-products NOTE Sodium chlorate in crystalline form contains normally a maximum mass fraction of 0,1 % of sodium chloride (as NaCl). 4.4 Chemical parameters The product shall conform to the requiremen
42、ts specified in Table 5. BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 9 Table 5 Chemical parameters Parameter Limit in sodium chlorate (mass fraction 100 %) (mg/kg) Arsenic (As) max. 1 Cadmium (Cd) max. 1 Chromium (Cr) max. 5 Mercury (Hg) max. 1 Nickel (Ni) max. 1 Lead (Pb) max. 1 Antimony (Sb) max. 1 Selenium
43、 (Se) max. 1 NOTE Cyanide which does not exist in a strong oxidising medium such as sodium chlorate is not a relevant chemical parameter. Pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are not by-products of the manufacturing process. For parametric values of sodium chlorate on trace metal content
44、in drinking water, see 1. 5 Test methods 5.1 Sampling 5.1.1 General Observe the recommendations of ISO 3165 and take account of ISO 6206. 5.1.2 Solid Prepare the laboratory sample(s) required by the relevant procedure described in ISO 8213. 5.1.3 Liquid 5.1.3.1 Sampling from drums and bottles 5.1.3.
45、1.1 General 5.1.3.1.1.1 Mix the contents of each container to be sampled by shaking the container, by rolling it or by rocking it from side to side, taking care not to damage the container or spill any of the liquid. 5.1.3.1.1.2 If the design of the container is such (for example, a narrow-necked bo
46、ttle) that it is impracticable to use a sampling implement, take a sample by pouring after the contents have been thoroughly mixed. Otherwise, proceed as described in 5.1.3.1.1.3. 5.1.3.1.1.3 Examine the surface of the liquid. If there are signs of surface contamination, take samples from the surfac
47、e as described in 5.1.3.1.2. Otherwise, take samples as described in 5.1.3.1.3. 5.1.3.1.2 Surface sampling Take a sample using a suitable ladle. Lower the ladle into the liquid until the rim is just below the surface, so that the surface layer runs into it. Withdraw the ladle just before it fills co
48、mpletely and allow any liquid adhering to the ladle to drain off. If necessary, repeat this operation so that, when the other selected containers have been sampled in a similar manner, the total volume of sample required for subsequent analysis is obtained. BS EN 15028:2012EN 15028:2012 (E) 10 5.1.3
49、.1.3 Bottom sampling Take a sample using an open sampling tube, or a bottom-valve sampling tube, suited to the size of container and the viscosity of the liquid. When using an open sampling tube, close it at the top and then lower the bottom end to the bottom of the container. Open the tube and move it rapidly so that the bottom of the tube traverses the bottom of the container before the tube is filled. Close the tube, withdraw it from the container and allow any liquid adhering to the o
