1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPower transformersPart 16: Transformers for wind turbines applicationsBS EN 60076-16:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60076-16:2011. It i
2、sidentical to IEC 60076-16:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePEL/14, Power transformers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi
3、sions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 64167 1ICS 29.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 30 N
4、ovember 2011.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60076-16:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60076-16 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2011 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Eur
5、opisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60076-16:2011 E ICS 29.180 English version Power transformers - Part 16: Tra
6、nsformers for wind turbines applications (IEC 60076-16:2011) Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 16: Transformateurs pour applications oliennes (CEI 60076-16:2011) Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 16: Transformatoren fr Windenergieanlagen-Anwendungen (IEC 60076-16:2011) This European Standard was a
7、pproved by CENELEC on 2011-09-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such n
8、ational standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into it
9、s own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
10、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60076-16:2011EN 60076-16:2011 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 14/690/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 6007
11、6-16, prepared by IEC/TC 14 “Power transformers“, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60076-16:2011. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or b
12、y endorsement (dop) 2012-06-29 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2014-09-29 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held re
13、sponsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-16:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standa
14、rds indicated: IEC 60071-1:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60071-1:2006 (not modified). IEC 60071-2:1996 IEC 60137:2008 IEC 60270:2000 IEC 62271-100:2008 IEC 62271-202:2006 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60071-2:1997 (not modified). NOTE Harmonized as EN 60137:2008 (not modified). NOTE Harmonized as EN 60270:2001
15、 (not modified). NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-100:2009 (not modified). NOTE Harmonized as EN 62271-202:2007 (not modified). BS EN 60076-16:2011- 3 - EN 60076-16:2011 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following re
16、ferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by commo
17、n modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60076-1 2011 Power transformers - Part 1: General EN 60076-1 2011 IEC 60076-2 2011 Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers EN 60076-2 2011 IEC 60076-3 + corr.
18、 December 2000 2000 Power transformers - Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air EN 60076-3 2001 IEC 60076-5 2006 Power transformers - Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit EN 60076-5 2006 IEC 60076-7 2005 Power transformers - Part 7: Loading guide for oil-imm
19、ersed power transformers - - IEC 60076-8 1997 Power transformers - Part 8: Application guide - - IEC 60076-11 2004 Power transformers - Part 11: Dry-type transformers EN 60076-11 2004 IEC 60076-12 2008 Power transformers - Part 12: Loading guide for dry-type power transformers - - IEC 60076-13 2006
20、Power transformers - Part 13: Self-protected liquid-filled transformers EN 60076-13 2006 IEC 61100 - Classification of insulating liquids according to fire point and net calorific value EN 61100 - IEC 61378-1 2011 Convertor transformers - Part 1: Transformers for industrial applicationsEN 61378-1 20
21、11 IEC 61378-3 2006 Convertor transformers - Part 3: Application guide - - IEC 61400-1 2005 Wind turbines - Part 1: Design requirements EN 61400-1 2005 ISO 12944 Series Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems - - BS EN 60076-16:2011 2 60076-16 IEC:
22、2011 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Service conditions 8 4.1 Normal service conditions . 8 4.2 Altitude 8 4.3 Temperature of cooling air . 8 4.4 Content of harmonic currents in the transformer 9 4.5 Wave-shape of supply voltage . 9 4.6
23、Transient over and under voltages 9 4.7 Humidity and salinity . 10 4.8 Special electrical and environmental conditions around the transformer 10 4.9 Level of vibration . 11 4.10 Provision for unusual service conditions for transformers for wind turbine applications . 11 4.11 Transportation and stora
24、ge conditions . 11 4.12 Corrosion protection 11 5 Electrical characteristics . 11 5.1 Rated power 11 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment . 11 5.3 Tappings . 12 5.4 Connection group 12 5.5 Dimensioning of neutral terminal . 12 5.6 Short circuit impedance . 12 5.7 Insulation levels for high voltage and
25、low voltage windings 12 5.8 Temperature rise guaranteed at rated conditions . 12 5.9 Overload capability 13 5.10 Inrush current 13 5.11 Ability to withstand short circuit . 13 5.12 Operation with forced cooling 13 6 Rating plate 13 7 Tests 13 7.1 List and classification of tests (routine, type and s
26、pecial tests) 13 7.2 Routine tests . 13 7.3 Type tests . 14 7.4 Special tests . 14 7.4.1 General . 14 7.4.2 Chopped wave test 14 7.4.3 Electrical resonance frequency test . 14 7.4.4 Climatic tests . 14 7.4.5 Environmental test E3 . 14 7.4.6 Fire behavior test 15 Annex A (informative) Calculation met
27、hod and tables 16 Bibliography 36 BS EN 60076-16:201160076-16 IEC:2011 3 Figure A.1 Heat dissipation in a natural ventilated room . 17 Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of power frequency current injection apparatus . 30 Figure A.3 Switched transformer winding voltage responses with capacitor injection .
28、 31 Figure A.4 HV Injection test figure . 32 Figure A.5 Example of measurement device 33 Table 1 Insulation levels 10 Table A.1 Impact of harmonics content on liquid-immersed transformer losses . 23 Table A.2 Impact of harmonics content on dry type transformers losses 26 Table A.3 Example of voltage
29、 harmonic order 29 BS EN 60076-16:2011 6 60076-16 IEC:2011 INTRODUCTION This part of IEC 60076 is intended to specify the additional requirements for the transformers for installation in wind turbine applications. Wind turbines use generator step-up transformers to connect the turbines to a network.
30、 These transformers can be installed in the nacelle or in the tower or outside close to the wind turbine. This standard covers transformers for wind turbine applications or wind farms where the constraints on transformers exceed the requirement of the present IEC 60076 series. The constraints are no
31、t often known or recognized by the transformer manufacturers, wind turbine manufacturers and operators and as a result the level of reliability of these transformers can be lower than those used for conventional applications. The transformers for wind turbine applications are not included in the pre
32、sent list of IEC 60076 standard series. The purpose of this standard is help to obtain the same level of reliability as transformers for more common applications. This standard deals particularly with the effects of repeated high frequency transient over-voltages, electrical, environmental, thermal,
33、 loading, installation and maintenance conditions that are specific for wind turbines or wind farms. On site measurements, investigations and observations in wind turbines have detected risks for some different kind of installations: repeated high frequency transient over or under voltages in the ra
34、nge of kHz; over and under frequency due to turbine control; values of over voltage; over voltage or under voltage coming from LV side; high level of transient over voltages due to switching; presence of partial discharge around the transformer; harmonic contents current and voltage; overloading und
35、er ambient conditions; fast transient overload; clearances not in compliance with the minimum prescribed; installation conditions and connections; restricted conditions of cooling; water droplets; humidity levels that exceed the maximum permissible values; salt and dust pollution and extreme climati
36、c conditions; high levels of vibration; mechanical stresses. Therefore it is necessary to take into account in the design of the transformer the constraints of this application, or to define some protective devices to protect the transformer. Additional or improved routine, type or special tests for
37、 these transformers have to be specified to be in compliance with the constraints on the network. BS EN 60076-16:201160076-16 IEC:2011 7 POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications 1 Scope This part of IEC 60076 applies to dry-type and liquid-immersed transformers for rate
38、d power 100 kVA up to 10 000 kVA for wind turbine applications having a winding with highest voltage for equipment up to and including 36 kV and at least one winding operating at a voltage greater than 1,1 kV. Transformers covered by this standard comply with the relevant requirements prescribed in
39、the IEC 60076 standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. I
40、EC 60076-1:2011, Power transformers Part 1: General IEC 60076-2:2011, Power transformers Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers IEC 60076-3:2000, Power transformers Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air IEC 60076-5:2006, Power transformers Part
41、 5: Ability to withstand short circuit IEC 60076-7:2005, Power transformers Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers IEC 60076-8:1997, Power transformers Application guide IEC 60076-11:2004, Power transformers Part 11: Dry-type transformers IEC 60076-12:2008, Power transformers Part
42、 12: Loading guide for dry-type power transformers IEC 60076-13:2006, Power transformers Part 13: Self-protected liquid-filled transformers IEC 61100, Classification of insulating liquids according to fire-point and net calorific value IEC 61378-1:2011, Converter transformers Part 1: Transformers fo
43、r industrial applications IEC 61378-3:2006, Converter transformers Part 3: Application guide IEC 61400-1:2005, Wind turbines Part 1: Design requirements BS EN 60076-16:2011 8 60076-16 IEC:2011 ISO 12944 (all parts), Paints and varnishes Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint sy
44、stems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 wind turbine transformer generator step up transformer connecting the wind turbine to the power collection network of the wind farm 3.2 tower part of the supporting structure of wind turbi
45、ne on top of which the nacelle with generator and other equipments are located 3.3 nacelle housing that contains the drive-train and other elements on top of a horizontal-axis wind turbine tower 4 Service conditions 4.1 Normal service conditions Unless otherwise stated in this standard, the service
46、conditions in IEC 60076-11 and IEC 60076-1 apply. 4.2 Altitude IEC 60076 series applies. 4.3 Temperature of cooling air The installation of transformers inside an enclosure without active cooling systems increases the transformer temperature. The purchaser shall specify the maximum cooling air tempe
47、ratures if they are different from those stated in IEC 60076-2. The transformer shall be designed according to real ambient temperatures and installation real conditions as described by the purchaser at enquiry stage. Clause A.1 provides considerations for transformers installed in a naturally venti
48、lated area like at the rear of the nacelle or in a separate enclosure installed outside the tower and equipped with air inlet and outlet. In case of transformer installed in the tower or in an enclosure where natural ventilation is not provided the formula in A.1 is not applicable. For transformers
49、operating under these conditions, the effects of air inlet and outlet, cooling conditions, efficiency of air cooling and ventilation shall be considered. The purchaser shall prescribe the air ambient temperature and air flow inside the tower at the enquiry stage. If no temperature or air flow is specified, an internal ambient temperature inside the tower of 10 K higher than external temperature shall be assumed and not limited air circulation ar
