1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationMonolithic (unshaped) refractory productsPart 7: Tests on pre-formed shapesBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 1927-7:2
2、012. It supersedes BS EN 1402-7:2003, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeRPI/1, Refractory products and materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not pu
3、rport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 65762 7 ICS 81.080Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligat
4、ions.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 1927-7 December 2
5、012 ICS 81.080 Supersedes EN 1402-7:2003English Version Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products - Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes (ISO 1927-7:2012) Produits rfractaires monolithiques (non faonns) - Partie 7: Essais sur pices pr-formes (ISO 1927-7:2012) Ungeformte (monolithische) feuerfeste Erze
6、ugnisse - Teil 7: Prfungen an Fertigteilen (ISO 1927-7:2012) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard wi
7、thout any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any othe
8、r language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
9、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMI
10、TTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 1927-7:2012: EBS EN ISO 1927-7:201
11、2EN ISO 1927-7:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012EN ISO 1927-7:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 1927-7:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33 “Refractories“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 187 “Refractory products and materials” th
12、e secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2013. Attention is dra
13、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1402-7:2003. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nation
14、al standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
15、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1927-7:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 1927-7:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1
16、927-7:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 45 Apparatus . 46 Inspection by attributes 66.1 Preparation of the test piece . 66.2 Measurement of dimensions . 66.3 Measurement of angles 66.4 Measurement of warpage
17、 76.5 Measurement of corner defects 86.6 Measurement of edge defects . 96.7 Measurement of craters and bubbles . 106.8 Measurement of cracks . 116.9 Measurement of protrusions and indentations .116.10 Measurement of fins 126.11 Segregations . 126.12 Friability 127 Inspection by variables .127.1 Dest
18、ructive test methods 127.2 Non-destructive test methods 148 Test report 19Bibliography .21BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1927-7:2012(E)Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products Part 7: Tests on pre-formed shapes1 ScopeThis part of ISO 1927 specifies methods for the testing of as-del
19、ivered pre-formed shapes. It applies to shapes fabricated from dense and insulating castables and ramming materials as defined in ISO 1927-1.NOTE Acceptance values for the individual test methods described should be agreed between the parties involved.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced d
20、ocuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 1927-1, Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products Part 1 Introduction an
21、d classificationISO 1927-6, Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products Part 6: Measurement of physical properties3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1corner defectmissing corner, defined by the three dimensions a, b and c as indicated
22、in Figure 1 ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)cbaKeya, b and c Three dimensions defining the missing cornerFigure 1 Typical corner defect3.2edge defectmissing edge, defined by the three dimensions, e, f, and g as indicated in Figure 2 gefKeye, f, and g Three dimens
23、ions defining the missing edgeFigure 2 Typical edge defect3.3craterclearly defined hole in the surface of a shape whose parameters, i.e. maximum diameter, minimum diameter and depth, can be measuredNOTE Its origin can be a bubble produced during manufacture.2 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19
24、27-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)3.4hairline cracksfine cracks visible on the surface of a shape whose length can be measured and whose width is less than or equal to 0,2 mm, see Figure 3 123Key1 Hairline crack2 Surface crazing3 Open cracksFigure 3 Typical cracks3.5surface crazingnetwork of hairline crack
25、s confined to the surface of the shape, see Figure 33.6open crackscracks or tears on the surface whose length is more than 10 mm and whose width is more than 0,2 mm See Figure 3.3.7protrusions and indentationsimperfections that can occur during fabrication or firing, if applicable3.8finsthin layer o
26、f material on the face of a shape that projects beyond the edge3.9segregationseparation of aggregate and fines during fabrication to leave a honeycomb appearance and/or a layer of excess fines3.10friabilitycrumbly texture due to poor consolidation and/or mould leakage3.11warpagedeviation of a plane
27、surface from being flat ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)4 PrincipleTesting of pre-formed shapes by qualitative and/or quantitative methods. These methods are of two types:a) Inspection by attributes by evaluating the integrity of a refractory shape by visual insp
28、ection of cracks or other surface defects and by conformance to dimensional tolerances;b) Inspection by variables by evaluating the quality of a refractory shape by determining physical properties using appropriate destructive or non-destructive test methods.NOTE It is not obligatory to use all the
29、test methods described in this part of ISO 1927 when determining the quality of a pre-formed shape.5 Apparatus5.1 Linear measuring devices, steel tape and/or callipers in accordance with the tolerance required and conforming to an accuracy that is twice the intended accuracy of the measurement.NOTE
30、Where possible, linear tolerances less than 1 mm should be measured with callipers. Steel tape measurements are accurate to the millimetre (0,5 mm can be estimated) whereas callipers are accurate to 0,1 mm.5.2 Steel straightedge, at least 5 mm thick and of sufficient length to span the diagonal of t
31、he largest shape to be measured.5.3 Two steel measuring wedges, which shall be either:a) type 1, at least 50 mm in length and 10 mm in thickness at one end, of uniform cross-section for a length of at least 10 mm from that end and then tapering to zero thickness at the other end (see for example Fig
32、ure 4a), orb) type 2, up to 160 mm in length with an even taper from 4 mm to zero (see for example Figure 4b).Each wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge between the base and the slope in increments of either 0,5 mm (type 1) or 0,1 mm (type 2).Dimens
33、ions in millimetres108642501010a) Type 14 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)40383634323028262422201816141210864 2 10 354160b) Type 2Figure 4 Two types of measuring wedge5.4 Graticule, with 0,1 mm graduations and/or feeler gauges of an appropriate size and accuracy to
34、 be used for the measurement of crack width. If necessary, the gauges can be replaced by measuring wedges of appropriate accuracy.5.5 Sliding bevel, for the measurement of angles.5.6 Depth gauge calibrated in millimetres of depth, having a probe of 3 mm diameter.5.7 Breakage defect sizer, with a slo
35、t uncovering 2 mm on both surfaces, for determination of minimum defect sizes for corner and edge defects, according to Figure 5.NOTE 1 One breakage defect sizer can be used together with a steel straightedge for the measurement of corner defects (see 6.5). Two breakage defect sizers can be used tog
36、ether with a linear measuring device for the measurement of edge defects (see 6.6).NOTE 2 A breakage defect sizer permits an objective definition of the point of departure for the measurement of the size of a broken edge.Dimensions in millimetres3303010030322Figure 5 Breakage defect sizer ISO 2012 A
37、ll rights reserved 5BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)5.8 Balance, capable of measuring to an accuracy of 1 %.5.9 Ultrasonic pulse velocity measuring equipment.5.10 Equipment for determining the resonant frequency by mechanical shock.5.11 Rebound hammer.5.12 Drying oven, capable of being contro
38、lled at 110 C 5 C.5.13 Furnace, capable of operating at 1 050 C 25 C.6 Inspection by attributes6.1 Preparation of the test pieceThe definition of edges may be improved, after any protrusions or indentations have been measured, by removing any projections such as fins or protrusions. This can normall
39、y be achieved by light abrasion.6.2 Measurement of dimensionsLinear dimensions shall be measured by means of a linear measuring device (see 5.1), and unless otherwise agreed, shall be measured to the nearest 0,5 mm.6.3 Measurement of anglesAngles shall be measured by adjusting the sliding bevel to f
40、it the shape (see Figure 6) and the angle determined by the use of a protractor (see Figure 7).Figure 6 Positioning the sliding bevel6 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)Figure 7 Measurement of the angle6.4 Measurement of warpageFor a concave surface, place the straig
41、htedge on edge across a diagonal of the surface being tested, insert a wedge at the point of maximum warpage (ensuring that the reading is not affected by raised imperfections on the castable surface) and record the maximum obtainable reading to the nearest 0,5 mm at the point of contact between the
42、 wedge and the straightedge.For a convex surface, insert a wedge at each end of the straightedge and perpendicular to it as shown in Figure 8. Adjust the wedges, to a position not more than 15 mm from the corner of the shape, so that equal readings are obtained from each of them, making certain that
43、 contact is maintained by the straightedge at the point of maximum convexity. Record the readings to the nearest 0,5 mm. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 7BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)2134Key1 Straight edge2 Wedge3 Wedge4 Contact maintained at highest point of profileFigure 8 Measurement of co
44、nvex warpageCalculate the warpage ratio, W in percent, using the equation:Whl=100 wherel is the length of the diagonal of the surface being tested, in millimetres;h is the reading of the amount of warpage, in millimetres.6.5 Measurement of corner defectsMeasure the dimensions a, b and c of a corner
45、defect using a steel straightedge, a breakage defect sizer and a steel tape, as indicated in Figure 9. The breakage defect sizer shall be positioned along the edge to be measured in such a way that the leading edge of the slot coincides with the broken corner on at least one surface of the shape, as
46、 shown in Figure 10. The dimensions a, b, and c are measured between the steel straightedge and the leading edge of the breakage defect sizer, to the nearest millimetre.8 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)123Key1 Steel straightedge2 Steel tape3 Breakage defect sizerF
47、igure 9 Measurement of a corner defectFigure 10 Positioning the breakage defect sizer6.6 Measurement of edge defectsMeasure the length, g, of an edge defect using two breakage defect sizers and a steel tape, as indicated in Figure 11. Measure the depth of the edge defect as defined by e and f using
48、a steel straightedge and a steel tape. Measure all dimensions to the nearest millimetre. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 9BS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)12Key1 Breakage defect sizers2 Steel tapeFigure 11 Measurement of the length of an edge defect6.7 Measurement of craters and bubblesMeasure th
49、e maximum and minimum diameter of a crater using a steel tape as indicated in Figure 12. The apparent crater diameter, da, is given by the equation:dDda=+2whereD is the maximum diameter of the crater, in mm;d is the minimum diameter of the crater, in mm.Measure the depth, h in mm, of a crater using a depth gauge as indicated in Figure 12.10 ISO 2012 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 1927-7:2012ISO 1927-7:2012(E)hDd1Key1 depth gauge 3 mmD maximum diameter of a craterd minimum diameter of
