1、BS EN ISO 3928:2016Sintered metal materials,excluding hardmetals Fatigue test pieces (ISO3928:1999)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 3928:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 3928:2016.
2、It is identical to ISO 3928:1999. It supersedes BS EN ISO 3928:2006which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This pu
3、blication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 91033 3ICS 77.040.10; 77.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer
4、 immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3928 July 2016 ICS 77.160; 77.040.10 Sup
5、ersedes EN ISO 3928:2006English Version Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Fatigue test pieces (ISO 3928:1999) Matriaux mtalliques fritts, lexclusion des mtaux-durs - prouvettes pour essais de fatigue (ISO 3928:1999) Sintermetallwerkstoffe, ausgenommen Hartmetalle - Probekrper fr die E
6、rmdungsprfung (ISO 3928:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 June 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li
7、sts and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde
8、r the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Y
9、ugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROP
10、EN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3928:2016 EBS EN ISO 3928:2016EN ISO 3928:2016 (E) 3 Europ
11、ean foreword The text of ISO 3928:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 3928:2016. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by p
12、ublication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENE
13、LEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 3928:2006. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgi
14、um, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
15、land, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 3928:1999 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3928:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 3928:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 3928:1999(E)1Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals Fatigue test pieces1 ScopeThis Intern
16、ational Standard specifies:the die cavity dimensions used for making fatigue test pieces by pressing and sintering, together with certaindimensions of the test piece obtained from such a die;the dimensions of the test pieces machined from sintered and powder forged materials.This International Stand
17、ard is applicable to all sintered metals and alloys, excluding hardmetals.2 Pressed and sintered test pieces for fatigue test by reverse bend and axial testing2.1 GeneralThe pressed and sintered piece may also be subjected to further treatment, such as sizing, polishing or heattreatment. If such tre
18、atments are applied, they shall be stated in the test report. In a metallographically examinedcross section of a test piece, in the gauge region, the piece shall show no micro-lamination greater than 0,25 mm inlength. Corners shall be broken in the gauge area.2.2 Test piece specification: unnotchedF
19、igure 1 a) shows a drawing of the unnotched test piece. The flatness and parallelism of 0,1 mm are mandatory.The other dimensions are advisory. Burrs shall be avoided.2.3 Test piece specification: notchedFigure 2 a) shows a drawing of the notched test piece. The flatness and parallelism of 0,1 mm ar
20、e mandatory. Theother dimensions are advisory. Burrs shall be avoided. The tooling radius 5,5 mm of the die is subject to wear, thenthe corresponding radius dimension of the test piece shall be reported.3 Die specifications3.1 GeneralThe die should preferably be of hardmetal and its surface finish s
21、hall be such as to allow compression of test piecesunder normal conditions. The die may include a small exit taper to facilitate ejection and avoid cracks ormicrolaminations in the test pieces. Die cavity may be tapered 0,01 per side to aid ejection. Die bore may beenlarged by 0,5 % for tooling to b
22、e used for repressing.The die should be well supported with shrink rings (of internal diameter 0001+ ,120mmmm), so as to minimize lateralexpansion during compacting. Such support decreases the possibility of cracking of the specimen at ejection. Toreduce the incidence of cracks in the specimen, it i
23、s recommended to use top punch hold down during ejection.BS EN ISO 3928:2016ISO 3928:1999(E) ISO23.2 Die specifications for unnotched test piecesThe recommended die cavity is shown in Figure 1 b).3.3 Die specifications for notched test piecesThe recommended die cavities are shown in Figure 2 b).4 Ma
24、chined test piecesMany types of machined test piece may be used according to the different known procedures of fatigue testing(rotating beam, axial loading, reverse bending, etc.) except that it is not recommended to machine test pieces withsquare or rectangular cross sections.An example of the rota
25、ting beam piece, is given in Figure 3.Figure 4 shows an example of a test piece for axial loading fatigue testing.The machined test pieces shall be ground over their active length, using a diamond wheel, and lapped longitudinallyin order to remove all traces of circumferential scratches. Final polis
26、hing should be in the longitudinal direction (nocircumferential scratch lines should be visible); try to achieve a smooth blend with no undercut.Cold work and stresses from machining significantly increase the yield strength of austenitic stainless steel.Annealing or stress relieving may be required
27、 to duplicate the as-sintered structure. Any such heat treatment shallbe reported.Practical experience with fatigue testing of carefully machined test pieces of circular cross section has shown thattheir endurance limits may be 20 % to 30 % higher than those obtained on unmachined, as-moulded test p
28、ieceswith square or rectangular cross sections.Use progressively lighter machining passes to minimize residual stresses. Diameter in gauge length should beuniform within 0,025 mm.5 Identification of test piecesFor the identification of test pieces, the following shall be stated:a) reference to this
29、International Standard, i.e. ISO 3928;b) type of material;c) density of test piece;d) dimensions of test piece (thickness);e) when pressed and sintered test pieces are made according to clause 2, the nature of any finishing treatmentshall be stated and also, preferably, the material and surface fini
30、sh of the compacting tool;f) form of test piece, i.e. figure number;g) die material, i.e. tool steel or hardmetal/carbide;h) whether as-sintered or heat treated;i) hardness of test piece according to heat treatment;j) bottom of notch radius used on notched test piece, Figure 2.BS EN ISO 3928:2016 IS
31、OISO 3928:1999(E)3Dimensions in millimetreska) Test pieceb) DieFigure 1 Unnotched test piece and compacting die for use with unnotched fatigue test piecesBS EN ISO 3928:2016ISO 3928:1999(E) ISO4Dimensions in millimetressa) Test pieceb) DieThe stress concentration factor Ktdepends upon radius R, as f
32、ollows:rKtaxial loadingKtreverse bending0,9 0,022,41,80,45 0,023,22,4Figure 2 Notched test piece and compacting die for use with notched fatigue test piecesBS EN ISO 3928:2016 ISOISO 3928:1999(E)5Dimensions in millimetressFigure 3 Machined rotating beam fatigue test pieceFigure 4 Machined axial load
33、ing test pieceBS EN ISO 3928:2016ISO 3928:1999(E) ISO6Annex A(informative)RemarksISO 1099, ISO 1352 and ISO 1143 define the general principles of fatigue testing of metals. These principles areapplicable to sintered metals with the following remarks.a) Sintered metals are characterized by the presen
34、ce of pores, which are unavoidable stress raisers.b) Porosity reduces the actual cross section of the specimen to be tested; this means that the nominal stressvalues, as calculated from the usual formulae, are smaller than the true stresses.c) In most cases, the presence of interconnected pores open
35、ing to the surface makes sintered pieces much moresensitive to environmental conditions than pore-free materials are; porous products can be affected by internalcorrosion processes not only during fatigue testing, but also before the test therefore such test pieces must bestored more carefully than
36、pore-free test pieces.d) The surface state of a test specimen or PM part significantly influences its fatigue behaviour; therefore, in orderto obtain a proper transmission of fatigue data obtained with specimens used to assess the fatigue behaviour ofPM component, the surface states of specimens and
37、 components must be comparable.e) Machining by milling or turning densifies the surface and introduces compressive residual stresses. This leadsto a much higher fatigue strength compared to the non-machined state. (A grinding operation is much softer.)Therefore, surface machining of test specimens s
38、hould be carried out only in cases where the critical area of aPM part is also machined. However, as most PM parts have non-machined surfaces, evaluation of the fatiguebehaviour should preferably be performed by transmission of fatigue data obtained with non-machinedsurfaces.BS EN ISO 3928:2016 ISOI
39、SO 3928:1999(E)7Bibliography1 ISO 296, Machine tools Self-holding tapers for tool shanks.2 ISO 1099, Metals Axial fatigue testing.3 ISO 1143, Metals Rotating bar bending fatigue testing.4 ISO 1352, Steel Torsional stress fatigue testing.This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left bl
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