1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 877-1:2010Plastics Methods ofexposure to solar radiationPart 1: General guidance (ISO 877-1:2009)BS EN ISO 877-1:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Stan
2、dard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 877-1:2010.It is identical to ISO 877-1:2009. Together with BS EN ISO 877-2:2010and BS EN ISO 877-3:2010, it supersedes BS EN ISO 877:1997 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PRI/21, Testing of plastics
3、.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 57611 9ICS 83.080.01Compliance with a Bri
4、tish Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 877-1 Dece
5、mber 2010 ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 877:1996English Version Plastics - Methods of exposure to solar radiation - Part 1: General guidance (ISO 877-1:2009) Plastiques - Mthodes dexposition au rayonnement solaire - Partie 1: Lignes directrices gnrales (ISO 877-1:2009) Kunststoffe - Freibewitterun
6、g - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anleitung (ISO 877-1:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any al
7、teration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language m
8、ade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Est
9、onia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUR
10、OPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 877-1:2010: EBS EN ISO 877-1:2010EN ISO 877-1:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 877-1:2009
11、has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 877-1:2010 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the statu
12、s of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
13、 patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 877:1996. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eur
14、opean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
15、the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 877-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 877-1:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 877-1:2010ISO 877-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms an
16、d definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 3 6 Test specimens . 4 7 Conditions of exposure of the test specimens 6 8 Exposure stages . 7 9 Procedure 8 10 Expression of results . 9 11 Test report . 10 Annex A (informative) Classification of climates 11 Bibliography . 13 BS EN ISO 877-1:2010ISO 877-1
17、:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bo
18、dy interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrot
19、echnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted b
20、y the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent ri
21、ghts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 877-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 6, Ageing, chemical and environmental resistance. Together with the other parts (see below), it cancels and replaces ISO 877:1994,
22、 which has been technically revised. ISO 877 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics Methods of exposure to solar radiation: Part 1: General guidance Part 2: Direct weathering and exposure behind window glass Part 3: Intensified weathering using concentrated solar radiation
23、 BS EN ISO 877-1:2010ISO 877-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction Outdoor-exposure tests of the type specified in the three parts of this International Standard are needed to evaluate the performance of plastics when exposed to solar radiation. The results of such tests should be reg
24、arded only as an indication of the effect of exposure to direct weathering (ISO 877-2:2009, method A) or to indirect weathering using glass-filtered solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009, method B) or to intensified solar radiation (ISO 877-3) by the methods described. Results from tests conducted in acco
25、rdance with any of the parts of this International Standard will show some variability when comparing results from repeat exposures conducted at the same location at a different time. This is much more important for materials that show significant change after a year or less of exposure. In general,
26、 results from repeat exposures at the same location are necessary to determine the range of performance of a material subjected to exposure to solar radiation as specified in this International Standard. Since the type of climate can have a significant effect on the rate and type of degradation, res
27、ults from exposures conducted in different types of climate are necessary to fully characterize the outdoor durability of a material. For solar-concentrating exposures conducted in accordance with ISO 877-3, exposure duration is defined in terms of the total solar UV radiant exposure because of the
28、annual and seasonal variations in solar ultraviolet radiation. Fresnel-reflecting concentrators of the type described in ISO 877-3, which employ solar radiation as the source of ultraviolet radiation, are utilized to provide accelerated outdoor-exposure testing of many plastics materials. A system o
29、f classifying and characterizing climates in different parts of the world is given in Annex A. The test method chosen is usually that designed to expose the material to the most severe conditions associated with any particular climate. It should, therefore, be borne in mind that the severity of expo
30、sure in actual use is, in most cases, likely to be less than that specified in this International Standard, and allowance should be made accordingly when interpreting the results. For example, vertical exposure at 90 from the horizontal is considerably less severe in its effects on plastics than nea
31、r-horizontal exposure, particularly in tropical regions, where the sun is most powerful at high zenith angles. Polar-facing surfaces are much less likely to be degraded than equator-facing surfaces because they are less exposed to solar radiation. However, the fact that they may remain wet for longe
32、r periods may be of significance for materials affected by moisture or for materials that are susceptible to microbial growth. BS EN ISO 877-1:2010BS EN ISO 877-1:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 877-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Plastics Methods of exposure to solar radiation Part 1: Genera
33、l guidance 1 Scope This part of ISO 877 provides information and general guidance on the selection and use of the methods of exposure to solar radiation described in detail in subsequent parts of ISO 877. These methods of exposure to solar radiation are applicable to plastics materials of all kinds
34、as well as to products and portions of products. It also specifies methods for determining radiant exposure. It does not include direct weathering using black-box test fixtures, which simulate higher end-use temperatures in some applications. NOTE ASTM G 71and ASTM D 41412describe black-box exposure
35、 tests. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics
36、Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 472, Plastics Vocabulary ISO 877-2:2009, Plastics Methods of exposure to solar radiation Part 2: Direct weathering and exposure behind window glass ISO 877-3, Plastics Methods of exposure to solar radiation Part 3: Intensified weathering using co
37、ncentrated solar radiation ISO 2818, Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining ISO 4582, Plastics Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources ISO 4892-1, Plastics Methods of exposure
38、to laboratory light sources Part 1: General guidance ISO 9370:1), Plastics Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests General guidance and basic test method 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 9370:1997) BS EN ISO 877-1:2010ISO 877-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedAST
39、M G 179, Standard Specification for Metal Black Panel and White Panel Temperature Devices for Natural Weathering Tests ASTM G 183, Standard Practice for Field Use of Pyranometers, Pyrheliometers and UV Radiometers 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions g
40、iven in ISO 472 and ISO 9370 apply. NOTE ASTM G 1133defines terms used for artificially accelerated and natural weathering exposures. Submission of these definitions has been proposed for inclusion in ISO 472 and/or ISO 9370, or ISO 877, as appropriate. 4 Principle Specimens or, if required, sheets
41、or other shapes from which specimens can be cut, are exposed to natural solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009, method A), or to window-glass-filtered solar radiation (ISO 877-2:2009, method B) or to intensified solar radiation using a Fresnel-reflecting concentrator (ISO 877-3). After the prescribed expos
42、ure period, the specimens are removed from exposure and, if a characterization is required, tested for changes in optical, mechanical or other properties of interest. The exposure stage may be a given period of time or may be expressed in terms of a given total radiant exposure or UV radiant exposur
43、e. The latter is preferred whenever the main objective of the exposure is to determine resistance to solar radiation, since it minimizes the effect of variations in spectral irradiance with climate, location and time. Instrumental means of measuring irradiance, and means for integration to give the
44、radiant exposure over a period of time, are preferred. NOTE 1 Physical standards that change in colour, or another property, upon exposure to solar radiation have been used to determine radiant exposures. Determinations of radiant exposure using these procedures are less reliable indicators than det
45、ermination of radiant exposure by actual measurement of solar radiation. When comparing the results of exposure using ISO 877-2:2009, method A or B, with ISO 877-3, differences in specimen temperatures, ultraviolet radiant exposure levels and moisture deposition should be taken into account. Additio
46、nally, when comparing ISO 877-2:2009, method B, to ISO 877-3, the glass or other transparent material used as the filter must be identical. Comparison of results from ISO 877-3 to those from ISO 877-2:2009, method A or B, must be based on equal radiant exposure levels The climatic conditions during
47、the test may be monitored and reported with the other conditions of exposure. It is recommended that a similar material of known behaviour be exposed simultaneously with the experimental material as a control. Unless otherwise specified, test pieces for the determination of change in colour and chan
48、ge in mechanical properties are exposed in an unstrained state. ISO 877-2:2009, method B, excludes the effects of wind and rain. The devices used for ISO 877-3 are typically equipped to provide moisture in the form of water spray. Exposures in hot and wet and in hot and dry climates are often used t
49、o benchmark the outdoor durability of materials such as plastics. Information on climate classification can be found in Annex A. NOTE 2 More detailed information about the effects of different climates and different exposure parameters on the variability of results from outdoor exposures can be found in ASTM G 1414. BS EN ISO 877-1:2010ISO 877-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 35 Apparatus 5.1 General requirements Exposure equipment consisting essentially of an appropriate test rack shall be used. The r
