1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 14046:2016Environmental management Water footprint Principles,requirements and guidelinesBS EN ISO 14046:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SES/1, Environmental Management.A list of orga
2、nizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016I
3、SBN 978 0 580 91358 7ICS 13.020.60; 13.020.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x
4、t a f f e c t e dThis British Standard is the UK implementation ofEN ISO 14046:2016. It is identical to ISO 14046:2014. It supersedes BS ISO 14046:2014 which is withdrawn.31 March 2016 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 14046:2014as BS EN ISO 14046:2016.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NO
5、RM EN ISO 14046 February 2016 ICS 13.020.10; 13.020.60 English Version Environmental management - Water footprint - Principles, requirements and guidelines (ISO 14046:2014) Management environnemental - Empreinte eau - Principes, exigences et lignes directrices (ISO 14046:2014) Umweltmanagement - Was
6、ser-Fuabdruck - Grundstze, Anforderungen und Leitlinien (ISO 14046:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 January 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national
7、standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version
8、in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
9、 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EURO
10、PEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 14046:2016 E
11、European foreword The text of ISO 14046:2014 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 “Environmental management” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14046:2016. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standar
12、d, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN
13、 and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
14、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kin
15、gdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 14046:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14046:2016 without any modification. BS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 13
16、.1 Terms relating to types and classifications of water 13.2 Terms relating to water . 33.3 Terms relating to life cycle assessment and water footprint assessment 33.4 Terms relating to interpretation and reporting of water footprint results 53.5 Terms relating to products, product systems, processe
17、s and organizations. 63.6 Terms relating to data and data quality 84 Principles . 84.1 General . 84.2 Life cycle perspective 84.3 Environmental focus 94.4 Relative approach and functional unit 94.5 Iterative approach 94.6 Transparency 94.7 Relevance . 94.8 Completeness . 94.9 Consistency 94.10 Accur
18、acy 94.11 Priority of scientific approach . 94.12 Geographical relevance 94.13 Comprehensiveness . 105 Methodological framework 105.1 General requirements 105.2 Goal and scope definition . 115.3 Water footprint inventory analysis 155.4 Water footprint impact assessment . 205.5 Interpretation of the
19、results . 245.6 Limitations of water footprint 256 Reporting .256.1 General 256.2 Additional requirements and guidance for third-party reports 266.3 Comparative assertion and comparative studies .297 Critical review 297.1 General 297.2 Need for critical review 307.3 Critical review by internal or ex
20、ternal expert .307.4 Critical review by panel of interested parties .30Annex A (normative) Additional requirements and guidelines for organizations .31Bibliography .33BS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
21、of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. I
22、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those
23、intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
24、 www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the docume
25、nt will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and ex
26、pressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environment
27、al management, Subcommittee SC 5, Life cycle assessment.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E)IntroductionWater is an essential natural resource.The issue of water and its management has become increasingly central to the global debate on sustainable development. T
28、his interest has been driven by growing water demand, increasing water scarcity in many areas and/or degradation of water quality. This drives the need for a better understanding of water related impacts as a basis for improved water management at local, regional, national and global levels.It is th
29、erefore desirable to have appropriate assessment techniques that can be used in an internationally consistent manner.One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is the water footprint assessment.There is a growing demand for assessing and reporting water footprints. Various methodologies
30、exist to do so and currently these methodologies emphasise different aspects related to water. There is therefore a need to ensure consistency in assessing and reporting water footprints.This International Standard is expected to benefit organizations, governments and other interested parties worldw
31、ide by providing transparency, consistency, reproducibility and credibility for assessing and reporting the water footprint of products, processes or organizations.A water footprint assessment conducted according to this International Standard: is based on a life cycle assessment (according to ISO 1
32、4044); is modular (i.e. the water footprint of different life cycle stages can be summed to represent the water footprint); identifies potential environmental impacts related to water; includes relevant geographical and temporal dimensions; identifies quantity of water use and changes in water quali
33、ty; utilizes hydrological knowledge.A water footprint assessment can assist in:a) assessing the magnitude of potential environmental impacts related to water;b) identifying opportunities to reduce water related potential environmental impacts associated with products at various stages in their life
34、cycle as well as processes and organizations;c) strategic risk management related to water;d) facilitating water efficiency and optimization of water management at product, process and organizational levels;e) informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-governmental organizations of the
35、ir potential environmental impacts related to water (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process design or redesign, decisions about investment of resources);f) providing consistent and reliable information, based on scientific evidence for reporting water footpr
36、int results.A water footprint assessment alone is insufficient to be used to describe the overall potential environmental impacts of products, processes or organizations.The water footprint assessment according to this International Standard can be conducted and reported as a stand-alone assessment,
37、 where only impacts related to water are assessed, or as part of a life cycle ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E)assessment, where consideration is given to a comprehensive set of environmental impacts and not only impacts related to water.In this International S
38、tandard, the term “water footprint” is only used when it is the result of an impact assessment.The specific scope of the water footprint assessment is defined by the users of this International Standard in accordance with its requirements.NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the term “product” inc
39、ludes services.NOTE 2 In this International Standard, the term “environmental impacts” includes categories generally found in impact models used in life cycle assessment, such as impacts on ecosystems, on human health and on resources.NOTE 3 Reporting is different from communication. Requirements an
40、d guidelines for reporting are included in this International Standard, but requirements and guidelines for communication, such as environmental labels or declarations, are outside the scope of this International Standard.vi ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E)INTER
41、NATIONAL STANDARD Environmental management Water footprint Principles, requirements and guidelines1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies principles, requirements and guidelines related to water footprint assessment of products, processes and organizations based on life cycle assessment (LCA).T
42、his International Standard provides principles, requirements and guidelines for conducting and reporting a water footprint assessment as a stand-alone assessment, or as part of a more comprehensive environmental assessment.Only air and soil emissions that impact water quality are included in the ass
43、essment, and not all air and soil emissions are included.The result of a water footprint assessment is a single value or a profile of impact indicator results.Whereas reporting is within the scope of this International Standard, communication of water footprint results, for example in the form of la
44、bels or declarations, is outside the scope of this International Standard.NOTE Specific requirements and guidelines for organizations are given in Annex A.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its app
45、lication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes o
46、f this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 Terms relating to types and classifications of water3.1.1freshwaterwater having a low concentration of dissolved solidsNote 1 to entry: Freshwater typically contains less than 1 000 mg/l of dissolved solids and is generally accepted as s
47、uitable for withdrawal and conventional treatment to produce potable water.Note 2 to entry: The concentration of total dissolved solids can vary considerably over space and/or time.3.1.2brackish waterwater containing dissolved solids at a concentration less than that of seawater (3.1.4), but in amou
48、nts that exceed normally acceptable standards for municipal, domestic and irrigation usesNote 1 to entry: The concentration of total dissolved solids in brackish water can vary from 1 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 14046:2016 EN ISO 14046:2016 (E)Note 2 to entry: Th
49、e concentration of total dissolved solids of many brackish waters can vary considerably over space and/or time.3.1.3surface waterwater in overland flow and storage, such as rivers and lakes, excluding seawater (3.1.4)3.1.4seawaterwater in a sea or an oceanNote 1 to entry: Seawater has a concentration of dissolved solids greater than or equal to 30 000 mg/l.3.1.5groundwaterwater which is being held in, and can be recovered from, an underground formationSOURCE: ISO 11074:2005, 3.2.2, modified Note has been removed.3.1.6fossil watergroundwater
