1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014Geographic information Reference modelPart 1: FundamentalsBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19101-1:2014. It supersedes BS EN ISO 19101:2005 which is withdrawn.BSI, as a memb
2、er of CEN, is obliged to publish EN ISO 19101-1:2014 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European and International Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European or International Standard.In the opinion of the UK co
3、mmittee, this Standard contains useful technical information but it is mainly applicable to those developing standards rather than the wider user community. It is the opinion of the UK committee that it would have been more appropriate if the document had been issued as a Technical Specification rat
4、her than as a European or International Standard.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include
5、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 74521 8ICS 35.240.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Britis
6、h Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 19101-1 November 2014 ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 1910
7、1:2005English Version Geographic information - Reference model - Part 1: Fundamentals (ISO 19101-1:2014) Information gographique - Modle de rfrence - Partie 1: Principes de base (ISO 19101-1:2014) Geoinformation - Referenzmodell - Grundstze (ISO 19101-1:2014) This European Standard was approved by C
8、EN on 11 July 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
9、may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notifie
10、d to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icela
11、nd, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Manage
12、ment Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 19101-1:2014 EBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014EN ISO 19101-1:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 19101-1:2014) has been prepared by
13、 Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical tex
14、t or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for
15、identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 19101:2005. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
16、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
17、Endorsement notice The text of ISO 19101-1:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19101-1:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 19101-1:2014ISO 19101-1:2014(E)Contents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Conformance . 13 Normative references 14 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 1
18、4.1 Terms and definitions . 14.2 Abbreviated terms . 65 Interoperability . 85.1 Interoperability of geographic information . 85.2 Interoperability of geographic information in e-government .116 Interoperability foundations and scope for the reference model .116.1 Foundations 116.2 Scope in the ISO g
19、eographic information standards .137 Abstraction of the real world 137.1 General 137.2 Conceptual formalism 137.3 Ontological languages 138 The ISO geographic information reference model .148.1 General 148.2 Reference model conceptual framework. 158.3 Reference model Semantic foundation 178.4 Refere
20、nce model Syntactic foundation 188.5 Reference model Service foundation . 198.6 Reference model Procedural standards 208.7 Uses of the reference model . 219 Profiles .219.1 Introduction to profiles 219.2 Use of profiles . 219.3 Relationship of profiles to base standards . 21Annex A (normative) Abstr
21、act test suite .22Annex B (informative) Layers of interoperability 26Annex C (informative) Interoperability of geographic information in e-government .29Annex D (informative) Foundation standards for SDI .33Annex E (informative) Abstraction of the real world in geographic information.36Annex F (info
22、rmative) Overview of the ISO geographic information standards 41Annex G (informative) Conceptual Schema Modelling Facility: a summary .45Bibliography .47 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014ISO 19101-1:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wor
23、ldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
24、 that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this d
25、ocument and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Direc
26、tives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the develo
27、pment of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO s
28、pecific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic
29、information/Geomatics.This first edition of ISO 19101-1, together with ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, cancels and replaces ISO 19101:2002.ISO 19101 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geographic information Reference model: Part 1: Fundamentals Part 2: Imagery Technical Specificationiv IS
30、O 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014ISO 19101-1:2014(E)IntroductionBeyond the needs within traditional applications of digital geographic information, users of information technology recognize that indexing by location is fundamental in the organization and the use of digital data. Nowad
31、ays, digital data from multiple sources of a wide variety are being referenced to locations and used in various applications. Such data are now extensively distributed and shared over the Web. In fact, the Web is an important source of knowledge in which geographic information plays a significant ro
32、le. Standardization in the field of geographic information is therefore imperative to support and simplify the sharing and usage of geographic information of different sources, i.e. interoperability.Standardization in geographic information is a complex task that addresses multiple aspects encompass
33、ing the definition of interoperability of geographic information, fundamental data types such as for spatial and temporal information, modelling rules, the semantics of real world phenomena, metadata, services, etc. As such, a reference model is required in order to achieve this task in an integrate
34、d and consistent manner. A reference model in geographic information consists of a comprehensive view providing an abstract description of the elements that might compose the field of geographic information and their interrelations. One of the primary goals of this reference model is to define and d
35、escribe interoperability of geographic information, addressing system, syntactic, structural, and semantic levels. The definition of interoperability of geographic information will then serve as the underpinning for standardization in geographic information. It contributes to increase the understand
36、ing and usage of geographic information, increase the availability, access, integration, and sharing of geographic information, promote the efficient, effective, and economic use of digital geographic information and associated hardware and software systems, and enable a unified approach to addressi
37、ng global ecological and humanitarian problems.This part of ISO 19101 defines the ISO reference model dealing with geographic information. This reference model provides a guide to structuring geographic information standards in a way that it will enable the universal usage of digital geographic info
38、rmation. It sets out the fundamentals for standardization in geographic information including description, management, and services, and how they are interrelated to support interoperability within the geographic information realm and beyond to ensure interoperability with other information communit
39、ies. As such, this part of ISO 19101 develops a vision for the standardization in geographic information from which it would be possible to integrate geographic information with other types of information and conversely.The description of the reference model is supported by a conceptual framework. T
40、he conceptual framework is a mechanism to structure the scope of the standardization activity in geographic information according to the interoperability description. It identifies the various facets of standardization and the relationships that exist between them.This reference model settles the ro
41、le of semantics, how the new technologies such as the Web and many emerging ways of accessing it, and how the Semantic Web can support interoperability in the field of geographic information. It also provides an umbrella under which additional specific reference models on particular facets of geogra
42、phic information standardization would be required.The reference model is organized in five clauses. Clause 5 describes interoperability in the context of geographic information from a communication and an e-government perspective. Clause 6 identifies the foundations of the reference model and sets
43、the scope (requirements) for the ISO geographic information standardization activities. Clause 7 identifies the requirement for the abstraction of the real world. The reference model for ISO standardization in geographic information is specified in Clause 8 along with its specific requirements. Fina
44、lly, profiles related to ISO geographic information standards are introduced in the Clause 9.This part of ISO 19101 is the first part of the reference model. Additional parts can be developed to address concerns, elements, and structures in distinct areas. As such, part 2 of the reference model addr
45、esses specific aspects on imagery. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 19101-1:2014ISO 19101-1:2014(E)To achieve these goals, standardization of geographic information in the ISO geographic information standards is based on the integration of the concepts of geographic information with those of
46、information technology. The development of standards for geographic information has to consider the adoption or adaptation of generic information technology standards whenever possible. It is only when this cannot be done that the development of geographic information standards becomes required.This
47、 part of ISO 19101 identifies a generic approach to structuring the ISO geographic information standards. This reference model uses concepts from the Open Distributed Processing Reference Model (RM ODP) described in ISO/IEC 10746-117and other relevant International Standards and Technical Reports. T
48、his part of ISO 19101 does not prescribe any specific products or techniques for implementing geographic information systems.This part of ISO 19101 is intended to be used by information system analysts, program planners, and developers of geographic information standards that are related to ISO geog
49、raphic information standards, as well as others in order to understand the basic principles of this series of standards and the overall requirements for standardization of geographic information.This edition of the reference model differs from its previous edition by having a specific focus on the semantic aspects related to interoperability of geographic information by the way of ontologies and knowledge. As such, the definition of interoperability has been revisited in the context of communication. Three foundations for interoperability of g
