1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 19107:2005Incorporating Amendment No. 1 (renumbers BS ISO 19107:2003 to BS EN ISO 19107:2005)Geographic information Spatial schemaThe European Standard EN 19107:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 35.240.70g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g5
2、4g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 19107:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 June 2003 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 4
3、2164 3National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 19107:2005. It is identical with ISO 19107:2003.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on
4、IST/36 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publ
5、icationAmd. No. Date Comments15563 29 September 2006 Renumbers BS ISO 19107:2003 to BS EN ISO 19107:2005EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 19107January 2005ICS 35.240.70English versionGeographic information - Spatial schema (ISO 19107:2003)Information gographique - Schma spatial (
6、ISO19107:2003)Geoinformation - RaumbezugsschemaThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 December 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any altera
7、tion. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translati
8、onunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary,
9、Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart,
10、 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 19107:2005: EForeword The text of ISO 19107:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic information/Geomatics” of the International
11、 Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 19107:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information“, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical tex
12、t or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria
13、, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO
14、19107:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19107:2005 without any modifications. EN ISO 19107:2005Reference numberISO 19107:2003(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO19107First edition2003-05-01Geographic information Spatial schema Information gographique Schma spatial EN ISO 19107:2005DPlcsid Fremia ihTs
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16、eht nser ehnopsiiblity fo nto ifnriigngn Aebods licnesilop gnic.y ehT ISO tneClar Secrteirata caceptl on siibality in this .aera Ai ebods a tedarmfo kra Aebod SystemI snctaropro.de teDials fo teh sfotwcudorp erats sut deo crtaee tihs PDF file cna f ebi dnuon tlareneG eh Ifnler oatit evt oeh file; tP
17、 ehDc-Frtaeino marapterew stpo ereimizde fro irptni.gn Evyre cera neeb sah takne tsne oeru taht teh file is siutlbae fosu re yb ISO memdob rebeis. In tlnu ehikletneve y ttah lborp aem lertait gno it is f,dnuo plsaee ifnrom ttneC ehlar Secterirata ta teh serddaig sleb nevwo. ii iiiContents Page Forew
18、ord viii Introduction . ix 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 2.1 Overview 1 2.2 Conformance classes . 3 3 Normative references . 4 4 Terms and definitions. 4 5 Symbols, notation and abbreviated terms . 14 5.1 Presentation and notation 14 5.1.1 Unified Modeling Language (UML) concepts. 14 5.1.2 Attributes,
19、 operations, and associations . 14 5.1.3 Stereotypes 17 5.1.4 Data types and collection types 18 5.1.5 Strong substitutability 19 5.2 Organization 20 5.3 Abbreviated terms. 22 6 Geometry packages 22 6.1 Semantics 22 6.2 Geometry root package 24 6.2.1 Semantics 24 6.2.2 GM_Object . 25 6.3 Geometric p
20、rimitive package. 32 6.3.1 Semantics 32 6.3.2 GM_Boundary 33 6.3.3 GM_ComplexBoundary 34 6.3.4 GM_PrimitiveBoundary 34 6.3.5 GM_CurveBoundary . 34 6.3.6 GM_Ring. 34 6.3.7 GM_SurfaceBoundary 34 6.3.8 GM_Shell 35 6.3.9 GM_SolidBoundary. 35 6.3.10 GM_Primitive . 35 6.3.11 GM_Point 38 6.3.12 Bearing. 39
21、 6.3.13 GM_OrientablePrimitive . 40 6.3.14 GM_OrientableCurve 42 6.3.15 GM_OrientableSurface . 42 6.3.16 GM_Curve 43 6.3.17 GM_Surface . 44 6.3.18 GM_Solid 46 6.4 Coordinate geometry package 47 6.4.1 DirectPosition 47 6.4.2 GM_PointRef 48 6.4.3 GM_Envelope 48 6.4.4 TransfiniteSet . 49 6.4.5 GM_Posit
22、ion 49 6.4.6 GM_PointArray, GMPointGrid 49 6.4.7 GM_GenericCurve. 49 6.4.8 GM_CurveInterpolation 53 EN ISO 19107:2005iv 6.4.9 GM_CurveSegment .54 6.4.10 GM_LineString.55 6.4.11 GM_LineSegment 56 6.4.12 GM_GeodesicString 57 6.4.13 GM_Geodesic.58 6.4.14 GM_ArcString 58 6.4.15 GM_Arc.60 6.4.16 GM_Circl
23、e.62 6.4.17 GM_ArcStringByBulge62 6.4.18 GM_ArcByBulge 63 6.4.19 GM_Conic.64 6.4.20 GM_Placement.66 6.4.21 GM_AffinePlacement 67 6.4.22 GM_Clothoid 67 6.4.23 GM_OffsetCurve 68 6.4.24 GM_Knot.70 6.4.25 GM_KnotType 71 6.4.26 GM_SplineCurve71 6.4.27 GM_PolynomialSpline.71 6.4.28 GM_CubicSpline72 6.4.29
24、 GM_SplineCurveForm.73 6.4.30 GM_BSplineCurve .73 6.4.31 GM_Bezier 74 6.4.32 GM_SurfaceInterpolation75 6.4.33 GM_GenericSurface 75 6.4.34 GM_SurfacePatch77 6.4.35 GM_PolyhedralSurface .78 6.4.36 GM_Polygon.78 6.4.37 GM_TriangulatedSurface80 6.4.38 GM_Triangle.80 6.4.39 GM_Tin .81 6.4.40 GM_Parametri
25、cCurveSurface.82 6.4.41 GM_GriddedSurface85 6.4.42 GM_Cone86 6.4.43 GM_Cylinder 86 6.4.44 GM_Sphere.86 6.4.45 GM_BilinearGrid 87 6.4.46 GM_BicubicGrid 87 6.4.47 GM_BSplineSurfaceForm .87 6.4.48 GM_BSplineSurface 88 6.5 Geometric aggregate package .89 6.5.7 Semantics.89 6.5.8 GM_Aggregate.89 6.5.9 GM
26、_MultiPrimitive .89 6.5.10 GM_MultiPoint .90 6.5.11 GM_MultiCurve 91 6.5.12 GM_MultiSurface .91 6.5.13 GM_MultiSolid91 6.6 Geometric complex package92 6.6.7 Semantics.92 6.6.8 GM_Complex93 6.6.9 GM_Composite 94 6.6.10 GM_CompositePoint .95 6.6.11 GM_CompositeCurve96 6.6.12 GM_CompositeSurface.97 6.6
27、.13 GM_CompositeSolid .97 7 Topology packages.98 7.4 Semantics.98 7.5 Topology root package.100 EN ISO 19107:2005v7.5.1 Semantics 100 7.5.2 TP_Object. 101 7.6 Topological primitive package 105 7.6.1 Semantics 105 7.6.2 TP_Boundary. 105 7.6.3 TP_ComplexBoundary 105 7.6.4 TP_PrimitiveBoundary 105 7.6.
28、5 TP_EdgeBoundary 106 7.6.6 TP_FaceBoundary. 107 7.6.7 TP_SolidBoundary 107 7.6.8 TP_Ring 107 7.6.9 TP_Shell . 107 7.6.10 TP_Primitive 108 7.6.11 TP_DirectedTopo 109 7.6.12 TP_Node. 112 7.6.13 TP_DirectedNode 113 7.6.14 TP_Edge. 114 7.6.15 TP_DirectedEdge 115 7.6.16 TP_Face 115 7.6.17 TP_DirectedFac
29、e . 117 7.6.18 TP_Solid. 117 7.6.19 TP_DirectedSolid 118 7.6.20 TP_Expression 118 7.7 Topological complex package. 121 7.7.1 Semantics 121 7.7.2 TP_Complex 121 8 Derived topological relations. 123 8.1 Introduction . 123 8.2 Boolean or set operators 124 8.2.1 Form of the Boolean operators . 124 8.2.2
30、 Boolean Relate 124 8.2.3 Relation to set operations 125 8.3 Egenhofer operators. 125 8.3.1 Form of the Egenhofer operators 125 8.3.2 Egenhofer relate 125 8.3.3 Relation to set operations 126 8.4 Full topological operators 126 8.4.1 Form of the full topological operators 126 8.4.2 Full topological r
31、elate . 126 8.5 Combinations 126 Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite 127 A.1 Geometric primitives 127 A.2 Geometric complexes. 130 A.3 Topological complexes 132 A.4 Topological complexes with geometric realization. 134 A.5 Boolean operators 136 Annex B (informative) Conceptual organization of te
32、rms and definitions . 138 B.1 Introduction . 138 B.2 General terms 138 B.3 Collections and related terms 139 B.4 Modelling terms. 139 B.5 Positioning terms 140 B.6 Geometric terms 140 B.7 Topological terms . 143 B.8 Relationship of geometric and topological complexes 146 Annex C (informative) Exampl
33、es of spatial schema concepts 148 C.1 Geometry 148 EN ISO 19107:2005vi Annex D (informative) Examples for application schemata .154 D.1 Introduction154 D.2 Simple Topology154 D.3 Feature Topology 158 D.4 MiniTopo.159 Bibliography165 Figures Figure 1 UML example association .16 Figure 2 UML example p
34、ackage dependency .20 Figure 3 Normative clause as UML package dependencies .21 Figure 4 Geometry package: Class content and internal dependencies.23 Figure 5 Geometry basic classes with specialization relations .24 Figure 6 GM_Object.26 Figure 7 GM_Boundary .33 Figure 8 GM_Primitive .36 Figure 9 GM
35、_Point.38 Figure 10 GM_OrientablePrimitive 41 Figure 11 GM_Curve .43 Figure 12 GM_Surface.45 Figure 13 GM_Solid.46 Figure 14 DirectPosition 48 Figure 15 Curve segment classes .50 Figure 16 Linear, arc and geodesic interpolation 56 Figure 17 Arcs59 Figure 18 Conics and placements .65 Figure 19 Spline
36、 and specialty curves.69 Figure 20 Surface patches.76 Figure 21 Polygonal surface 79 Figure 22 TIN construction 81 Figure 23 GM_ParametricCurveSurface and its subtypes 83 Figure 24 GM_Aggregate 90 Figure 25 GM_Complex.94 Figure 26 GM_Composite95 Figure 27 GM_CompositePoint .96 Figure 28 GM_Composite
37、Curve 96 Figure 29 GM_CompositeSurface .97 Figure 30 GM_CompositeSolid98 Figure 31 Topology packages, class content and internal dependencies.99 Figure 32 Topological class diagram .100 Figure 33 Relation between geometry and topology.101 Figure 34 TP_Object102 Figure 35 Boundary and coboundary oper
38、ation represented as associations 103 Figure 36 Important classes in topology104 Figure 37 Boundary relation data types.106 Figure 38 TP_Primitive 108 Figure 39 TP_DirectedTopo subclasses110 Figure 40 TP_DirectedTopo 110 EN ISO 19107:2005viiFigure 41 TP_Node . 113 Figure 42 TP_Edge . 114 Figure 43 T
39、P_Face 116 Figure 44 TP_Solid 117 Figure 45 TP_Expression 119 Figure 46 TP_Complex 122 Figure C.1 A data set composed of the GM_Primitives 149 Figure C.2 Simple cartographic representation of sample data 151 Figure C.3 A 3D Geometric object with labeled coordinates. 152 Figure C.4 Surface example 15
40、3 Figure D.1 Packages and classes for simple topology . 155 Figure D.2 Topology and geometry classes in simple topology 156 Figure D.3 Feature components in simple topology 157 Figure D.4 Theme based feature topology 159 Figure D.5 Geometric example of MiniTopo topology structure 160 Figure D.6 Mini
41、Topo 161 Figure D.7 Classic MiniTopo record illustration. 163 Tables Table 1 Conformance classes for geometric primitives 3 Table 2 Conformance classes for geometric complexes 3 Table 3 Conformance classes for topological complexes . 3 Table 4 Conformance classes for topological complexes with geome
42、tric realizations . 3 Table 5 Conformance classes for Boolean operators . 3 Table 6 Package and classes 21 Table 7 Various types of parametric curve surfaces . 84 Table 8 Meaning of Boolean intersection pattern matrix. 124 Table 9 Meaning of Egenhofer intersection pattern matrix . 125 Table 10 Meani
43、ng of full topological intersection pattern matrix . 126 Table D.1 Correspondence between original MiniTopo pointers and the current model 164 EN ISO 19107:2005viii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bo
44、dies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental an
45、d non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
46、 Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies cas
47、ting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 19107 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomati
48、cs. EN ISO 19107:2005ixIntroduction This International Standard provides conceptual schemas for describing and manipulating the spatial characteristics of geographic features. Standardization in this area will be the cornerstone for other geographic information standards. A feature is an abstraction
49、 of a real world phenomenon; it is a geographic feature if it is associated with a location relative to the Earth. Vector data consists of geometric and topological primitives used, separately or in combination, to construct objects that express the spatial characteristics of geographic features. Raster data is based on the division of the extent covered into small units according to a tessellation of the space and the assignment to each u
