1、BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016Information technology Security techniques Specification for digitalredaction (ISO/IEC 27038:2014)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impleme
2、ntation of EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by TechnicalCommittee IST/33, IT - Security techniques, to Subcommittee IST/33/4,A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 92351 7ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This
4、 British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected31 October 2016 This corrigendum renumbers BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016BS ISO/IEC 27038:2014 asSecurity Controls and Services
5、.It is identical to ISO/IEC 27038:2014. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 27038:2014which is withdrawn.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO/IEC 27038 August 2016 ICS 35.040 English Version Information technology - Security techniques - Specification for digital redaction (ISO/IEC 27038:20
6、14) Technologies de linformation - Techniques de scurit - Spcifications pour la rdaction numrique (ISO/IEC 27038:2014) Informationstechnik - IT-Sicherheitsverfahren - Spezifikation fr digitales Schwrzen (ISO/IEC 27038:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 June 2016. CEN and CENELEC
7、members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on appli
8、cation to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notifie
9、d to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
10、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CE
11、NELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN and CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN and CENELEC national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016 E EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016 (E) European foreword The text of ISO/IEC 27038:2014
12、 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 “Information technology” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and has been taken over as EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016. This European Standard shall be given the status of a
13、 national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
14、of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgar
15、ia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turk
16、ey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/IEC 27038:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016 without any modification. iiBS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Terms and de
17、finitions . 13 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 24 General principles of digital redaction . 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Anonymization 25 Requirements 25.1 Overview 25.2 Redaction principles 36 Redaction processes . 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Paper intermediaries . 46.3 Digital image intermediaries 46.4 Simpl
18、e digital redaction 46.5 Complex digital redaction 56.6 Contextual information 57 Keeping records of redaction work. 68 Characteristics of software redaction tools 69 Requirements for redaction testing . 7Annex A (informative) Redacting of PDF documents 9BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E)
19、ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technic
20、al committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part
21、in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare Internati
22、onal Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th
23、e elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 27038 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques.iv ISO/IE
24、C 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E)IntroductionSome documents can contain information that must not be disclosed to some communities. Modified documents can be released to these communities after an appropriate processing of the original document. This processing
25、can include the removal of sections, paragraphs or sentences with, where appropriate, the mention that they have been removed. This process is called the “redaction” of the document.The digital redaction of documents is a relatively new area of document management practice, raising unique issues and
26、 potential risks. Where digital documents are redacted, removed information must not be recoverable. Hence, care needs to be taken so that redacted information is permanently removed from the digital document (e.g. it must not be simply hidden within nondisplayable portions of the document).This Int
27、ernational Standard specifies methods for digital redaction of digital documents.Redaction can also involve the removal of document metadata or the removal of some information (e.g. an image) imported into the document.It can be possible to identify redacted information in a redacted digital documen
28、t by context. For example, the length of the redaction replacement text can indicate the length of the redacted information, and thus the information itself. This International Standard introduces two levels of redaction: BASIC redaction where context is not taken into consideration; ENHANCED redact
29、ion where context is taken into consideration.Redaction techniques can be used for the anonymization of the information in a document, for example by the removal of some names within sentences. It can also involve the removal of numbers within sentences and their replacement by “XXX”. ISO/IEC 2014 A
30、ll rights reserved vBS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016Information technology Security techniques Specification for digital redaction1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies characteristics of techniques for performing digital redaction on digital documents. This International Stand
31、ard also specifies requirements for software redaction tools and methods of testing that digital redaction has been securely completed.This International Standard does not include the redaction of information from databases.2 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following term
32、s and definitions apply.2.1anonymizationprocess by which personally identifiable information (PII) is irreversibly altered in such a way that a PII principal can no longer be identified directly or indirectly, either by the PII controller alone or in collaboration with any other partySOURCE: ISO/IEC
33、 29100:2011, definition 2.22.2documentrecorded information which can be treated as a unitNote 1 to entry: Documents can contain text, pictures, video and audio content, metadata and other associated content.2.3personally identifiable informationPIIany information that (a) can be used to identify the
34、 PII principal to whom such information relates, or (b) is or might be directly or indirectly linked to a PII principalNote 1 to entry: To determine whether a PII principal is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means which can reasonably be used by the privacy stakeholder holding the d
35、ata, or by any other party, to identify that natural person.SOURCE: ISO/IEC 29100:2011, definition 2.92.4redactionpermanent removal of information within a document2.5reviewerindividual(s) who assesses a document for redaction requirementsNote 1 to entry: There could be a series of individuals who a
36、ssess a particular document.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E)3 Symbols and abbreviated termsFor the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.PII Personally Identifiable InformationPDF Porta
37、ble Document FormatOCR Optical Character RecognitionXML Extensible Markup Language4 General principles of digital redaction4.1 IntroductionRedaction is carried out in order to permanently remove particular information from a copy of a document. It should be used when, for example, one or two individ
38、ual words, a sentence or paragraph, an image, a name, address and/or signature needs to be removed from a document prior to it being disclosed to individuals who are not authorized to view the removed information.The process of digital redaction is not simply to remove information but also to indica
39、te where necessary that some information has been removed, so that the reader knows that the document has been redacted. For example, there can be a need to know that some words or some paragraphs have been deleted in order to maintain the semantics of the non-redacted information.4.2 AnonymizationA
40、s an example, one of the purposes of redaction is to remove personally identifiable information (PII) from a document (anonymization). Where such a purpose is applicable, then redaction processes shall be so designed such that the identity of the individual about whose information is being redacted
41、is protected.It can be, for example, that even though a name has been redacted from a document, the identity of the individual is evident from the remaining information. Where anonymization is required, all information that could be used to identify the individual shall be redacted. This shall inclu
42、de all information that could be used in conjunction with other information (which can be obtained from other sources) to identify the individual.5 Requirements5.1 OverviewOrganizations should have the capability to identify documents that need to be redacted prior to their release to other parts of
43、 the organization or to others (such as the public).Redaction should be performed or overseen by reviewers that are knowledgeable about the documents and can determine what information is to be redacted. If reviewers identifying such information do not carry out redaction themselves, their instructi
44、ons shall be specific e.g. Memo dated , paragraph no, line starting and ending etc.Redaction shall be carried out on copies of the digital document. The redaction process shall result in the creation of a new digital document where complete and irreversible removal of the redacted information is ach
45、ieved. This new digital document shall be managed and disposed of in the same manner as the original document.2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO/IEC 27038:2016ISO/IEC 27038:2014(E)When identifying information that needs to be redacted prior to release, whole sentences or paragraphs should n
46、ot be identified if only one or two words in that sentence or paragraph are to be redacted, unless the release would enable the identification of the redacted information by context.Where necessary, information relating to the effect that a digital document has been redacted shall be linked with the
47、 digital document. To identify the fact that a redaction process has been undertaken, redacted information may be replaced by a sentence stating that some information has been redacted.When redaction is performed on a digital document, any metadata included within the digital document shall be revie
48、wed for redaction requirements and appropriate redactions undertaken.Where redaction is performed on a digital document that contains images, video and/or voice information, redaction techniques that remove the necessary information shall be used.5.2 Redaction principlesThe redaction of digital docu
49、ments shall be carried out in accordance with the following principles: Retention of digital original documentThe original or master version of a digital document shall not be redacted redaction shall be carried out on a copy of the digital document. Original digital documents (e.g. the un-redacted document) shall be retained and be accessible only to those authorized. Complete removal of redacted informationRedaction shall irreversibly remove the required information from the redacted version of the document. The information shall
