1、 ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09)Technical Report PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT);EMI review and statistical analysisETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 2 Reference DTR/PLT-00013 Keywords methodology, powerline, transmission ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Te
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7、ers and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Abbreviations .5 4 Measurement method and measurement locations.5 5 Example test results6 6 Frequency dependency.6 7 Statis
8、tical evaluation of measured coupling factor.7 8 Dependencies from national particularities in Installation - and earthing techniques in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain8 9 Correlation between LCL and coupling factor.8 History 10 ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 4 Intellectual Property Rights
9、 IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, o
10、r potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been ca
11、rried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Com
12、mittee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). Introduction In order to study and compare characteristics of the LVDN network in different countries a STF (Special Task Force) was set-up. The present document is one of the four TRs which present the result of the work (TR 102 258 2, TR 102 269 3 and TR
13、102 270 4). The present document takes into account matters like earthing variations, country variations, operator differences, phasing and distribution topologies, domestic, industrial housing types along with local network loading.The measurement set-up, the measurements as such, the used software
14、 the site reports and parts of the analysis are common for all the TRs and is collected in the TR 102 270 4. ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 5 1 Scope The present document presents the results from EMI measurements performed in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain. It investigates the distributi
15、on of the EMI values in respect to the frequency and to the national LVDN-particularities (wiring technology, earthing, etc.). 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 ETSI TR 102 175: “Powerline Telecommunications (PLT); Channel characterization
16、and measurement methods“. 2 ETSI TR 102 258: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); LCL review and statistical analysis“. 3 ETSI TR 102 269: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); PLT Hidden Node Analysis“. 4 ETSI TR 102 270: “PowerLine Telecommunication (PLT); Basic LVDN measurement data“. 3 Abbreviati
17、ons For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BALUN BALanced to UNbalanced transformer EDP Electronic Data Processing EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference LCL Longitudinal Conversion Loss LVDN Low Voltage Distribution Network STF Special Task Force ToR Terms of Referen
18、ce for Specialist Task Force 222 (MB), TC PLT, September 2002 4 Measurement method and measurement locations A symmetric signal with a defined power is fed into the LVDN at an arbitrary plug. As source a comb generator is used in conjunction with a suitable balun. The magnetic field strength is meas
19、ured in a horizontal distance of 3 m from the external wall of the building (as far as technically feasible). The total field strength is determined by geometrical addition of the three measured field components (x, y and z). Adding 20 x log(377) = 51,5 dB yield to an equivalent electrical field str
20、ength, which commonly is given as result of radiation measurements below 30 MHz. The coupling factor in the present document is defined as the equivalent electrical field strength (in dB(V/m) related to the fed forward power (in dBm), both measured in a 9 kHz bandwidth. With this definition a coupli
21、ng factor of 50 (dB(V/m)-dBm) means an equivalent electrical field strength of 50 dB(V/m) when a forward power of 0 dBm (1mW) is fed into the LVDN. For many measurement sites several measurement locations have been chosen. For each of these measurement locations the signal feeding point is also vari
22、ed. Several measurement locations have been chosen, so that different countries, different types of installations and different building usage are covered by the measurements. All measurements were performed during daytime with household appliances, EDP-equipment and production machinery normally co
23、nnected to the mains. Further details of the investigated measurement locations can also be found in document 1. In total the coupling factor of 98 plugs and antenna locations was measured. Each measurement consists of 59 measurement frequencies. ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 6 5 Example tes
24、t results The value of the coupling factor varies in general with frequency and measurement location. Therefore a statistical evaluation must be performed. Figure 1 shows typical results of coupling factor measurements at two antenna locations on different measurement locations. Comparison of the di
25、fferent coupling factor plots show that no specific coupling factor behaviour can be observed regarding to the country or the installation types (single phase, three phase, earthing variations). Therefore it is not necessary to distinguish principle installation types. 4045505560657075800 5 10 15 20
26、 25 30Coupling factorin dB(V/m)-dBmf in MHzNOTE: : Germany -: Spain Figure 1: Typical coupling factor measurement results of two antenna locations at different measurement locations 6 Frequency dependency Figure 2 shows that the coupling factor behaviour can be regarded as constant over frequency. T
27、herefore all measurement points regardless of their frequency can be used for statistical evaluation. Frequency dependency can be established by calculating the regression line (especially its slope) with the least squares method for each coupling factor measurement. From all slopes the cumulative p
28、robability can be obtained depending on the slope. This function is plotted in figure 2. It can be seen that there is a slight frequency dependency of about -0,16 (dB(V/m)-dBm)/MHz. The decrease of coupling factor with increasing frequency can be explained by the attenuation of the lines, which also
29、 increases with frequency. For the whole frequency range the medium slope yield to a total decrease of 4,8 dB (1 MHz to 30 MHz), which is within the measurement uncertainty. Therefore, the coupling factor will be evaluated independent of frequency. ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 7 02040608010
30、0-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6cumulativeprobabilityin %coupling factor in dB(V/m) - dBmFigure 2: Cumulative probability of the slope of the regression line for the coupling factor 7 Statistical evaluation of measured coupling factor Taking into account all frequencies and locations, the cumulati
31、ve probability in dependence of the mean coupling factor for each site is plotted in figure 3. As it can seen from this curve, the median (50 %-cum.prob.) is 61,2 dB(V/m)-dBm and the 80 % is less than 63,2 dB(V/m)-dBm. 010203040506070809010045 50 55 60 65 70cumulative probability.in %coupling factor
32、 in dB(V/m) - dBmFigure 3: Cumulative probability in dependence of mean coupling factor for all measurement frequencies and locations ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 8 8 Dependencies from national particularities in Installation - and earthing techniques in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain T
33、able 1 shows the evaluated coupling factor-values measured in the three countries. Table 1 Country Area Coupling factor Germany Stuttgart 62,3 dB(V/m)-dBm The Netherlands Eindhoven 67,6 dB(V/m)-dBm Spain Zaragoza 58,7 dB(V/m)-dBmIn addition to national dependences the data is analysed according to i
34、nstallation types, i.e. installations with three phases or single phase per flat/house (see table 2). Table 2 Installation type Coupling factor Three phases 58,9 dB(V/m)-dBm Single phase 63,9 dB(V/m)-dBm Considering the measurement uncertainty of in situ field strength measurements, no significant d
35、ifferences of the coupling factor can be justified regarding national particularities of installations. 9 Correlation between LCL and coupling factor For determination of any correlation between LCL and coupling factor the pre-evaluated coupling factor values (mean values of a single measurement sit
36、e) are plotted dependent on the pre-evaluated LCL values as shown in figure 4. Obviously the LCL values of the different measurement sites (with exception of the extremely low LCL value of an industrial site in Spain) differ not much from each other. Furthermore, the variation of coupling factor is
37、in the range of the measurement uncertainty of in-situ field strength measurements. Therefore, a correlation between LCL and coupling factor can neither be established nor excluded. ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 9 010203040506070800 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Coupling FactorindB(V/m)-dBmLCL in dBFigure 4: Mean value of coupling factor as a function of mean value of LCL for the different measurement sites ETSI ETSI TR 102 259 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 10History Document history V1.1.1 September 2003 Publication
