1、 Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BR.779-2 Operating practices for digital television recording (Question ITU-R 239/11) (1992-1997-2003) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the exchange of television programmes is very important and extensive; b) that international sta
2、ndardization of the media and of the recording formats used for programme exchange offers both economic and operational advantages; c) that the alignment of operational practices used in connection with the recording and play-back of television programmes is highly desirable, recommends 1 that for i
3、nternational exchange of digitally recorded television programmes the operating practices should be those in Annex 1. Annex 1 1 Presentation of recordings Recordings of a single programme of a duration up to the maximum cassette play time should be contained in one cassette. Separate programmes shou
4、ld always be on separate cassettes. Cassettes containing short-form events (events less than three minutes) may contain multiple events. The recording format used shall be identified. 2 Programme identification The content of a recorded digital television cassette should be identified by at least th
5、e following information, to be provided on a label attached to the cassette itself, and on another label attached to the cassette container: a) name of the organization which made the recording; b) title of the programme, or title, sub-title and episode number; c) library number (reference number) o
6、f the programme or of the cassette; d) total number of cassettes, and number of the cassette in the sequence, if the programme is on more than one cassette; e) total playing time, and playing time of the programme material recorded on each cassette; 2 Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 f) longitudinal time code ad
7、dress for the start of the programme; g) television scanning standard used; h) audio channel allocation: monophonic, stereophonic multi-channel, discrete or multiplexed; j) aspect ratio of the image and protected area of the image; k) closed caption data; l) other metadata. It would be beneficial, i
8、n view of the implementation of fully automated television stations, if at least information items b), c), d), e) and f), were also provided in the form of a bar code or memory label attached to each recorded cassette. The information required above should be provided in at least one of the official
9、 languages of the ITU. 3 Leaders Programme material recorded on digital television cassettes should be preceded and followed by appropriate leaders as shown in Table 1: TABLE 1 Information shown on the identification leader should match that shown on the labels (see 2). The cue-up leader, the progra
10、mme material and the run-out trailer should appear on the tape as an uninterrupted recording. 4 Cue audio track In the case of a complete programme, the longitudinal (editing) audio should preferably be a replica of the programme sound, complete with its identification and countdown leader; it may h
11、owever be interspersed with additional cues to identify segments of the programme, as needed. Duration (s) Picture and sound content Thread up leader 5 Blank tape Identification leader 15 Aural and/or visual identification Cue-up leader 8 Aural and/or visual count-down, 10 to 2 2 Black and silence P
12、ROGRAMME MATERIAL Run-out trailer 30 Black and silence (minimum) Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 3 5 Time and control code The time address information to be used as reference for the exchange of recordings should be the one carried on the longitudinal time and control track. In the case of the exchange of a fi
13、nished edited programme, such time address information should be continuous and monotonically increasing. Furthermore, the same time addresses should preferably (but not mandatorily) appear also on the time and control code multiplexed with the video information, and on the time and control code mul
14、tiplexed on the digital audio channel that carries the finished programme sound. Programme data carried in the user bits of the longitudinal time and control signals should match information shown on the programme identification label. Both time codes (longitudinal time-code (LTC) and vertical inter
15、val time-code (VITC) should match and be continuous for the duration of the recording. The time code should not pass through 0000 hours during the recording. If the recording is derived by decoding a composite PAL signal, then the time code should be referenced to the 8-field PAL sequence. For NTSC
16、systems the time code should be referenced to the NTSC 4-field sequence. 6 Allocation of mono, stereo and multichannel audio channels, and the use of audio channels as data recording channels The audio channel assignments for mono and stereo available on digital television tape recordings should be
17、allocated as shown in Tables 2 and 3. The analogue cue track, when present, is a users track and is available at the users discretion. Correct relative phasing and synchronization of music and effects tracks to the final mix should be maintained at all times. Compressed multichannel audio, carried a
18、s a data representation by an AES-3 two-channel interface, shall be recorded on the tracks 3 and 4 of a 4-track digital video tape recorder (VTR). When VTR tracks 3 and 4 carry the data representation of multichannel audio, the VTR tracks 1 and 2 will carry a suitably downmixed left/right surround s
19、ound version. Both VTR tracks 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 should be in sync with the vision as recorded on tape. Signal assignments of case 9 (see Table 2) multichannel compressed audio multiplex carried as data by an AES-3 interface should be as follows: left-signal right-signal centre-signal low frequenc
20、y effects (LFE)-signal left surround-signal right surround-signal left or freely assignable-signal right or freely assignable-signal. 4 Rec.ITU-R BR.779-2TABLE 2 Allocation of audio/data channels on 4-track digital television tape-recording formats 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Programmes with seperate comme
21、nt Case VTR Track Monophonic programme Stereophonic programme Two complete stereophonic programmes Monophonic Stereophonic international sound Stereophonic Non-mixed monophonic programme Stereophonic programme and second audio programme Multi-channel audio Four-channel uncompressed 1 Complete monoph
22、onic mix Complete mix, left First programme complete mix, left Commentary First commentary Commentary left Speech (commentary) Complete mix, left Left total Left 2 Blank(1), (2)Complete mix, right First programme complete mix, right Blank(2)Second commentary Commentary right Music Complete mix, righ
23、t Right total Right 3 International sound International sound, left Second programme complete mix, left International sound International sound, left International sound, left Effects 1 Second audio programme Audio multiplex Centre 4 Blank International sound, right Second programme complete mix, ri
24、ght Blank International sound right International sound, right Effects 2 Blank Audio multiplex Monophonic surround (MS) (see Rec. ITU-R BR.1384) (1)The internal practice of some organizations is to record identical monophonic signals on tracks 1 and 2. (2)Some organizations prefer that the audio tra
25、ck allocation of digital Betacam recordings is the same as that used for analogue Betacam recordings (see Recommendation ITU-R BR.778) so that the same replay equipment can be used to replay either format without the need to reroute the audio signals. In these circumstances the international sound c
26、an be recorded on track 2 of the digital Betacam tape as well as, or instead of, on track 3. If such a recording is used for international exchange this should be clearly shown on the labels and recording report. Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 5 Case 1 Single monophonic programme content This is the case where
27、 a single monophonic sound accompanies the video content of the programme. In such a case, the monophonic programme content represents the complete programme sound mix but, for the purpose of international exchange, it can be accompanied by the so-called “international sound” the complete monophonic
28、 mix of music, effects, etc. lacking only the speech which can be added in the dubbing process in order to obtain a complete monophonic programme sound mix in a language different from the original one. Case 2 Single stereophonic programme content This case is similar to case 1, but a single complet
29、e stereophonic sound accompanies the video content of the programme. In this case, as in case 1, the stereophonic programme sound represents the complete programme sound mix and it can be accompanied by a complete stereophonic mix of music and all effects a stereophonic international sound which may
30、 be used by the receiving organization for dubbing. Case 3 Two complete stereophonic programme contents In this case, the video content of the recorded television programme is accompanied by two different complete stereophonic programme mix sounds. The difference may be the language or any other com
31、ponent. NOTE 1 In the case where two different stereophonic programme sounds are recorded with the same video programme content, the sending organization should provide written information on the nature of each of the two sounds. Case 4 Monophonic programme with separate commentary When original new
32、s or documentary recordings with monophonic sound are exchanged, it is always expected that it is possible to dub them in a different language; they should therefore contain a complete international sound, i.e. the sound recorded on the spot with all ambiance, original speech, etc. which can be mixe
33、d later, by the receiving organization, with a new commentary in its own language. Case 5 and Case 6 Stereophonic programme with separate commentary There is a similarity between these cases and case 4 but, since these involve stereophonic sound, all channels are used and the sound dubbing has to be
34、 done on a copy of the original recording where the complete stereophonic mix can be re-recorded on channels 1 and 2, or the stereophonic commentary in a different language and the stereophonic international sound can be recorded on channels 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Case 7 Single monophonic progr
35、amme content non-mixed In this case, the video content of the programme is accompanied by a non-mixed monophonic programme sound, i.e. the speech or commentary, the music and the effects are not mixed together. Such a configuration permits mixing at a later stage during the re-recording or dubbing o
36、f that particular tape. In general, such a case may appear when unfinished programmes, or programming segments, are exchanged (for example: one broadcasting organization may collect inserts from different sources in order to assemble a combined programme). 6 Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 Case 8 Stereophonic p
37、rogramme and second audio programme (SAP) (in some countries also known as descriptive audio for the sight-impaired audience) In this case, a complete stereophonic programme is accompanied by a monophonic second audio programme. Under the circumstances of use of a second audio programme, the transmi
38、tted quality is of a lower quality than normal programme sound. Case 9 Uncompressed left and right programme sounds, and compressed audio recorded as data In this case, the audio tracks 3 and 4 of the VTR are used as data recording tracks, while tracks 1 and 2 are used to record uncompressed left an
39、d right signals. The use of the audio tracks as data tracks is usually applied when multichannel sound is necessary. It should be noted that not all VTRs are capable of handling carriage of data, detection of the channel status bit of the AES-3 bit stream by the VTR is required as a minimum. The lef
40、t/right uncompressed signals may be used to create a surround representation. Case 10 Left, right, centre and monophonic surround programme sounds In this case, uncompressed L, R, C and MS (monophonic surround) are recorded on the four VTR tracks as indicated in Table 2. This recording format is kno
41、wn as 3/1 and is derived from Recommendation ITU-R BR.1384, Table 1. Longitudinal audio channel In all cases described above, the longitudinal audio channel, if present, should preferably contain a complete monophonic programme mix or, if this is not practicable, the content of audio channel 1. TABL
42、E 3 Audio track assignments for 8 channel sound systems Track allocation Track Channel 1 Left 2 Right 3 Centre 4 LFE 5 Left sound(1)6 Right sound(1)7 Unassigned channel A 8 Unassigned channel B (1)In the case of programmes using the 3/1 multichannel sound format, the MS (3 dB) signal should be place
43、d on both tracks 5 and 6. This allows a programme with a single surround channel to be treated as a programme with two surround channels. Rec. ITU-R BR.779-2 7 NOTE 1 Other channel assignment practices which apply to specific countries and in specific circumstances can be found in Appendix 1 to Annex 1 of Recommendation ITU-R BR.1384. NOTE 2 Unused tracks should not carry any other signal. They should be left silent. This is to eliminate the possibility of operational error.
