1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1176-1(02/2013)Technical parameters of radar target enhancersM SeriesMobile, radiodetermination, amateurand related satellite servicesii Rec. ITU-R M.1176-1 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use o
2、f the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and R
3、egional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the s
4、ubmission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-
5、R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, a
6、mateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news
7、 gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2013 ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
8、 be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1176-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1176-1*Technical parameters of radar target enhancers (1995-2013) Scope Trials of radar target enhancers have indicated that the radar returns from navigation buoys and small craf
9、t can be significantly improved by the use of such devices. This Recommendation provides the technical parameters for radar target enhancers (RTE) operating in the frequency bands 2 900-3 100 MHz and/or 9 200-9 500 MHz. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that maritime radars in the
10、maritime radionavigation service operate in the frequency bands 2 900-3 100 MHz and 9 200-9 500 MHz; b) that a transponder is a device that can provide for echo enhancement with the provision that such enhancement should not significantly exceed that which could be achieved by passive means (IMO Res
11、olution A.615(15); c) that the radar returns from targets such as navigation buoys and small craft can be significantly improved by the use of an active target enhancer consisting of a broadband radio-frequency amplifier, receive and transmit antennas, noting a) that IMO SOLAS Chapter 5 regulation 1
12、9-2.1.7 requires, if practicable, fitting of a radar reflector to all ships and craft under 150 gross tonnage to enable detection by radar; b) that IMO Resolution MSC.164(78) provides performance standards for both passive and active radar reflectors, recommends that the technical parameters of rada
13、r target enhancers for use on navigation buoys and ships and craft under 150 gross tonnage should be in accordance with the Annex. *This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Standards Organization (ISO), the Internation
14、al Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1176-1 Annex Technical parameters of a radar target enhancer for use on navigation buoys and small craft Parameters Specifications Polarization In the 3 GHz band, suitable for resp
15、onding to radars using horizontal polarization. In the 9 GHz band, suitable for responding to radars using horizontal polarization. Frequency bands 2 900 to 3 100 MHz 9 200 to 9 500 MHz Gain To represent a radar cross-section of an RTE in unsaturated condition not less than: 0.5 m2in the 3 GHz band
16、7.5 m2in the 9 GHz band where G = 10 log( unsat) 20 log() + 10 log(4) G = Ga + Gr + GtGais the gain (dB) of the amplifier Gtis the gain (dBi) of the transmitting antenna Gris the gain (dBi) of the receiving antenna unsatis the radar cross-section (m2), and is the wavelength (m). Beamwidth Horizontal
17、: To maintain the radar cross-section over at least 280, with nulls below this level being no greater than 10, at least 20 apart. Vertical: To maintain the radar cross-section over 10(20 for single hull sailing vessels). Output form The output shall be only an amplified version of the received pulse, without any form of processing except limiting. The delay and stretching of the output shall not exceed 10% of the length of the received pulse, or 10 ns whichever is greater. e.i.r.p. at limiting level Not greater than 10 W.
