1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T L.1201TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2014) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC Recommendation ITU-T L.1201 Rec. ITU-T
2、 L.1201 (03/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1201 Architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1201 describes the architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC for information and communication technology (ICT) equipment in telecommunication centres, d
3、ata centres and customer premises. It describes aspects such as configuration, redundancy, power distribution and monitoring, in order to construct safe, reliable and manageable power feeding systems. It can be used also as an architecture reference model for further Recommendations e.g., on the per
4、formance of DC power feeding systems. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID*1.0 ITU-T L.1201 2014-03-01 5 11.1002/1000/12135 _ *To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID
5、. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
6、 Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTS
7、A), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall w
8、ithin ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recom
9、mendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language suc
10、h as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommen
11、dation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approv
12、al of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB pa
13、tent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms
14、 defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 5.1 Earthing configurations 3 6 Configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 3 6.1 Basic single DC power feeding system configuration . 4 6.2 Power feeding system of up to 400
15、VDC with backup solution 4 6.3 Redundant DC power feeding configurations 5 7 Elements of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 8 7.1 General requirements 8 7.2 Rectifier requirements 9 7.3 Power distribution unit (PDU) requirements 10 7.4 Battery requirements 11 7.5 Distribution power line requirem
16、ents . 12 8 Monitoring power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC . 12 8.1 Configuration for monitoring . 12 8.2 Elements for monitoring . 13 8.3 Management interface and network . 13 Appendix I Example of monitoring data of DC power system. 14 Appendix II Battery performance monitoring and management 1
17、6 Appendix III Power distribution unit configuration . 17 Appendix IV Alternative rectifier configuration 19 Appendix V Configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC with renewable energy and distributed power sources. 21 Bibliography. 22 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) Introduction Power f
18、eeding systems of up to 400 VDC have been developed to cope with an increase in power consumption and equipment power density. Consideration is given to improvements in energy efficiency, as well as the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and raw materials. Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 specif
19、ies the up to 400 VDC interface between the power feeding system and any ICT equipment connected to it. This Recommendation specifies the architecture of up to 400 VDC power feeding systems and aims to provide a safe architecture reference for an up to 400 VDC power feeding system with reliability a
20、nd manageability adapted to suit specific requirements. One of the advantages of up to 400 VDC power feeding is that it reduces intermediate power conversion stages (e.g., the inverter and power factor compensator can be eliminated) and gives lower current usage than 48 VDC feeding, for the same pow
21、er requirement. Many papers have assessed the potential gains of using DC power feeding systems for ICT equipment in telecommunication centres, data centres and customer premises, e.g., b-CCSAYD/T 2378, b-Hirose, b-Qi, b-Marquet; these papers refer to many other references. The common range of energ
22、y saving is generally up to 15% depending on the legacy solution based on the AC UPS that is replaced, and especially if the best class of DC power feeding system is used. This saving could be applied to the 200 TWh of datacentre energy consumption assessed at the global level e.g., by the Koomey as
23、sessment b-Koomey. Improvements in reliability and availability vary between factors of 2 for a simple architecture to 20 for a full end-to-end redundant architecture; this is based on many of the papers listed in the bibliography: b-Kervarrec, b-Qiguo, b-Tsumara, b-Bauer and b-Liu. Compared to a ce
24、ntralized 48 VDC architecture, a reduction of 10% to 50% in copper usage has been precisely assessed, while for a decentralized 48VDC architecture, a reduction of 60% in battery sizes could be reached b-DC wiring design Intelec 2012. Many studies show that there is a reduction in the initial set-up
25、costs that can be as high as 20%, and also for the running costs where savings could come from making less site interventions and trips. Also, there is in general less maintenance with modular rectifiers because the system is easier to operate. In addition, the ICT equipment is directly backed up by
26、 the battery power directly coupled to the DC outputs. Additional gains are presumed in the simplification of connecting renewable DC sources or other distributed generators (fuel cells, DC engine generators, DC wind generators etc.). Rec. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1201 Archite
27、cture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies a power feeding architecture for power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC at telecommunications centres, datacentres and customer premises ITU-T L.1200. This Recommendation aims at providing an architecture reference
28、 for an up to 400 VDC power feeding system with high reliability, safety and manageability. This Recommendation covers the following items for power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC: 1) configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC; 2) requirements of the main basic elements for power feed
29、ing systems of up to 400 VDC (rectifiers, power distribution units (PDUs), batteries and distribution power lines); 3) monitoring and management functions. This Recommendation ensures a safe, operable, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-compliant and reliable cohabitation of power feeding systems o
30、f up to 400 VDC with AC and 48 VDC EN 300 132-2 systems in sites combining these power feeding interfaces. The full description of a battery, grid AC supply, backup generator and power supply units (PSU) in ICT equipment and renewable or distributed energy sources are out of the boundaries of this R
31、ecommendation, but indications are given on their influence on the architecture of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At
32、the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed be
33、low. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T K.21 Recommendation ITU-T K.21 (2011), Resistibility of telecommunication equipme
34、nt installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents. ITU-T K.44 Recommendation ITU-T K.44 (2012), Resistibility tests for telecommunication equipment exposed to overvoltages and overcurrents Basic Recommendation. ITU-T K.85 Recommendation ITU-T K.85 (2011), Requirements for the mitiga
35、tion of lightning effects on home networks installed in customer premises. ITU-T L.1200 Recommendation ITU-T L.1200 (2012), Direct current power feeding interface up to 400 V at the input to telecommunication and ICT equipment. ETSI EN 300 132-2 ETSI EN 300 132-2 V2.4.6 (2011-12), Environmental Engi
36、neering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by 48 V direct current (dc). ETSI EN 301 605 ETSI EN 301 605 V1.1.1 (2013-10), Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and bonding of 400 VDC data and telecom (ICT) equipment. 2 Rec
37、. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) ETSI ES 202 336-1 ETSI ES 202 336-1 V1.2.1 (2011-07), Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for Infrastructure Equipment (Power, Cooling and Building Environment Systems used in Telecommunication Networks) Part 1: Generic Interface. ETSI ES 202 336
38、-x ETSI ES 202 336-x (in force), Environmental Engineering (EE); Monitoring and Control Interface for Infrastructure Equipment; Parts 2 to 10 information model series. IEC 60364-1 IEC60364-1 (2005), Low-voltage electrical installations Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteri
39、stics, definitions. IEC60364-4-41 IEC60364-4-41 (2005), Low-voltage electrical installations Part 4-41: Protection for safety Protection against electric shock. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 interface P ITU-T L.1200: I
40、nterface, physical point, at which a power feeding system is connected to operate ICT equipment. 3.1.2 ICT equipment ITU-T L.1200: Information and communication equipment (e.g., switch, transmitter, router, server, and peripheral devices) used in telecommunication centres, data centres and customer
41、premises. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 distributed power source: A local electrical power source where energy is produced close to the user and distributed by a microgrid by opposition to a centralized power plant with a long distanc
42、e electricity transport grid. This local power source can be an individual user power system or a small collective energy power plant for a group of customers. It can include energy sources or storage or cogeneration of heat and electricity using any primary energy renewable or not. 3.2.2 renewable
43、energy: This is mainly non-fossil fuel converted into electricity (e.g., solar energy, wind, water flow, biomass). 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AC Alternating Current DC Direct Current EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility FC Fuel Cell I
44、CT Information and Communication Technology IMD Insulation Monitoring Device MTTR Mean Time To Repair PDU Power Distribution Unit PSU Power Supply Unit Rec. ITU-T L.1201 (03/2014) 3 PV Photovoltaic UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply VDC Volts DC VRLA Valve-Regulated Lead Acid WG Wind Generator 5 Conve
45、ntions 5.1 Earthing configurations IEC 60364-1 distinguishes three families of earthing arrangements, using the two-letter codes TN, TT and IT. The first letter indicates the connection between earth and the power-supply equipment (generator or transformer): “T“ Direct connection of a point with ear
46、th (Latin: terra). “I“ No point is connected with earth (isolation), except perhaps via a high impedance. The second letter indicates the connection between earth and the electrical device being supplied: “T“ Direct connection of a point with earth. “N“ Direct connection to neutral at the origin of
47、installation, which is connected to the earth. 6 Configuration of power feeding systems of up to 400 VDC A power feeding system of up to 400 VDC is part of a power feeding system. Figure 1 shows a typical configuration of a power feeding system in the end-to-end power chain. This figure provides a f
48、unctional description of a power system without any redundancy. The power feeding system of up to 400 VDC is powered by an AC supply (e.g., AC grid with AC backup generator) and feeds power to interface P. The power feeding system of up to 400 VDC consists of a rectifier, a battery, a PDU and power
49、distribution lines. The rectifier converts AC power to DC power and regulates DC voltage. It feeds power to interface P through a PDU. PSUs installed in the input of ICT equipment convert the power to operate loads, such as CPUs and peripherals in ICT equipment. The battery can be recharged in DC power by the same rectifier, which has the charging control functions. Distribution power lines connect the battery to the rectifier, the rectifier to the PDU and th
