1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.1300 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2014) SERIES L: CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE PLANT Best practices for green data centres Recommendation ITU-T L
2、.1300 Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) i Recommendation ITU-T L.1300 Best practices for green data centres Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.1300 describes best practices aimed at reducing the negative impact of data centres on the climate. It is commonly recognized that data centres will have an ever-incre
3、asing impact on the environment in the future. The application of the best practices defined in this Recommendation can help owners and managers to build future data centres, or improve existing ones, to operate in an environmentally responsible manner. Such considerations will strongly contribute t
4、o a reduction in the impact of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector on climate change. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T L.1300 2011-11-29 5 11.1002/1000/11429 2.0 ITU-T L.1300 2014-06-29 5 11.1002/1000/12204 _ * To access the Recommendatio
5、n, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/ 11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specializ
6、ed agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with
7、a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recomm
8、endations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for con
9、ciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommen
10、dation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party
11、. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Righ
12、ts, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementer
13、s are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written perm
14、ission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Term defined elsewhere . 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Introduction to best practices for green data centres 3 5.1 Role of best pra
15、ctices 3 5.2 Value of practices . 4 6 Planning, utilization and management of data centres . 4 6.1 Involvement of organizational groups 4 6.2 General policies 4 6.3 Resilience level and provisioning . 4 7 ICT equipment and services . 5 7.1 Selection of new ICT equipment 5 7.2 Selection of new teleco
16、m equipment 8 7.3 Deployment of new ICT services . 8 7.4 Management of existing ICT equipment and services . 9 7.5 Data management . 10 8 Cooling . 11 8.1 Airflow design and management 11 8.2 Cooling management 14 8.3 Temperature and humidity settings 15 8.4 Computer room air conditioners . 19 8.5 R
17、e-use of data centre waste heat 22 9 Data centre power equipment . 22 9.1 Selection and deployment of power equipment . 22 9.2 Management of power equipment 24 10 Other data centre equipment . 25 10.1 General practices 26 11 Data centre building 26 11.1 Building physical layout . 26 11.2 Building ge
18、ographic location . 27 12 Monitoring 28 12.1 Energy use and environmental measurement . 28 12.2 Energy use and environmental collection and logging . 29 12.3 Energy use and environmental reporting 29 iv Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) Page 12.4 ICT reporting 30 13 Design of network . 31 14 Cloud data ce
19、ntre 31 14.1 High flexibility . 31 14.2 High-density data centre . 33 14.3 Management optimization 34 15 Optimization of energy management of whole data centre 35 15.1 Optimization of energy management by an integrated control of ICT devices and facility . 35 Annex A Possible methodology for cooling
20、 data centres by using renewable energy in cold regions . 36 A.1 Data centres in cold regions . 36 A.2 General matters relating to data centre cooling 36 A.3 Outdoor air cooling . 36 A.4 Snow and ice cooling 39 A.5 Method of cooling data centres in cold regions 40 Annex B Possible methodology for co
21、oling data centres with high-density ICT devices 42 B.1 Outline of air conditioning methods . 42 B.2 Selection of cooling systems suited to data centre specifications 49 Annex C Practical solutions for correcting airflow direction for equipment 51 C.1 Requirements for correcting airflow direction fo
22、r equipment 51 Annex D Minimum data set for controlling data centre equipment for energy saving management in data centres 52 Annex E Verification experiments related to increase of efficiency of air-conditioning and control technologies at a data centre 53 E.1 Overview 53 E.2 Data centre energy mod
23、el . 53 E.3 Control method to minimize energy consumption . 56 E.4 Control system configuration . 58 Bibliography. 60 Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.1300 Best practices for green data centres 1 Scope This Recommendation specifies best practices aimed at developing green data ce
24、ntres. A green data centre can be defined as a repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency and minimum environmental impact. The construction and operation of a green d
25、ata centre includes advanced technologies and strategies. The Recommendation provides a set of rules to be referred to when undertaking improvement of existing data centres, or when planning, designing or constructing new ones. The proposed best practices cover: data centre utilization, management a
26、nd planning; ICT equipment and services; cooling; data centre power equipment; data centre building; monitoring. The environmental impact of a data centre should be assessed in line with ITU-T L.1400, ITU-T L.1410 and ITU-T L.1420. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other reference
27、s contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investig
28、ate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status
29、 of a Recommendation. ITU-T L.1400 Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 (2011), Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of information and communication technologies. ITU-T L.1410 Recommendation ITU-T L.1410 (2012), Methodology for the assessment of the environ
30、mental impact of information and communication technology goods, networks and services. ITU-T L.1420 Recommendation ITU-T L.1420 (2012), Methodology for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions impact assessment of information and communication technologies in organizations. ETSI EN 300 019-1
31、-3 ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 V2.3.2 (2009), Environmental Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 1-3: Classification of environmental conditions; Stationary use at weather protected locations. 2 Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) ETSI TR 102 489
32、ETSI TR 102 489 V1.2.1 (2010), Environmental Engineering (EE); European telecommunications standard for equipment practice; Thermal Management Guidance for equipment and its deployment. ISO/IEC 62040-3 ISO/IEC 62040-3 Ed2.0 (2011), Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS) Part 3: Method of specifying the
33、 performance and test requirements. 3 Definitions 3.1 Term defined elsewhere None. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 power density: The energy consumption of ICT equipment per rack cabinet of floor area of a server room. 3.2.2 space effic
34、iency: The ratio of floor area employed for ICT equipment in relation to the total floor area of the building. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AHU Air Handling Unit ATS Automatic Transfer Switch BC Business Continuity BIOS Basic Input-O
35、utput System BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics COP Coefficient Of Performance CRAC Computer Room Air Conditioner DC Data Centre DCMI Data Centre Manageability Interface DX Direct expansion DR Disaster Recovery HVAC Heating Ve
36、ntilation and Air Conditioning ICT Information and Communication Technology IGBT Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design M ICT equipment and services; cooling; data centre power equipment; other data centre e
37、quipment; data centre building; monitoring; design of network; cloud data centre; optimization of energy management of the whole data centre. 5.1 Role of best practices This Recommendation is provided as a comprehensive guide to assist data centre operators in identifying and implementing measures t
38、o improve energy efficiency of their data centres. The full list of best practices that are specified in this Recommendation can be of practical help for those who are pursuing green data centres. 4 Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) 5.2 Value of practices Each practice has not been assigned a qualitative
39、value to indicate the level of benefit to be expected from an action and the relative priorities that should be applied to it. When there is a choice of practices, a preference should be given to the one having the least impact on the environment. 6 Planning, utilization and management of data centr
40、es It is important to develop a holistic strategy and management approach to the data centre to support economic efficiency and environmental benefits. 6.1 Involvement of organizational groups Effective communication between different departments working in the data centres is crucial to ensure effi
41、ciency and thereby avoid capacity and reliability issues. To ensure effective communication, the following steps are proposed: No. Name Description 6.1.1 Group involvement Establish an “Approval Board“ composed of representatives from different departments (e.g., software, ICT, power cooling and oth
42、er facilities). Submit all important decisions for board approval to ensure that all possible impact has been fully understood and that an effective solution has been identified. For example, one of the decisions could be the definition of standard ICT hardware lists through considering the maintena
43、nce and engineering (M equipment that requires tighter environmental controls to meet long warranty durations (10+ years); devices whose primary cooling method is not air (directly liquid cooled). These exclusions would require that equipment unable to meet best practice 7.1.3 should be deployed wit
44、h separate airflow and cooling provision. This allows data centre cooling plants to be set up using equipment that has a less restrictive environmental range without compromising the eco-efficiency of the entire data centre. 7.1.5 Multiple tender for ICT hardware compliance with green regulations Te
45、nder processes for new ICT equipment that are compliant with green regulations, will be considered as high-priority decision factors. Environmental pollution can be reduced by selecting equipment that is compliant with green regulations of each region or country (e.g., restrictions of hazardous subs
46、tances (RoHS), registration, authorization and restriction of chemical substances (REACH), and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Rec. ITU-T L.1300 (06/2014) 7 No. Name Description 7.1.6 Select equipment suitable for the data centre power density Select and deploy equipment according
47、to the defined power density (per rack or square metre) of the data centre to avoid running the cooling system outside design parameters. Note that increasing power density may create cooling and airflow management problems, thereby reducing both capacity and efficiency. Power and cooling need to be
48、 considered as a capacity constraint in addition to a physical space constraint. 7.1.7 Select equipment suitable for the data centre airflow direction When selecting equipment for installation into racks, ensure that the airflow direction matches the airflow design for that area. This is commonly fr
49、ont-to-rear or front-to-top. If the equipment uses a different airflow direction to that defined for the area into which it is installed (such as right-to-left when the rack is intended to be front-to-back), then it should only be used with a correction mechanism such as ducts, or special racks that divert the airflow to the defined direction. Uncorrected equipment with non-standard airflow will compromise the airflow management of the data centre, and therefore rest
