1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T X.903TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2009) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY Open distributed processing Information technology Open distributed processing Reference model: Architecture Recommendation ITU
2、-T X.903 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.
3、199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Man
4、aged Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficien
5、cy X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management Communication Service and Protocol X.710X.719 Structure of Management Informat
6、ion X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORM
7、ATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 1074
8、6-3 RECOMMENDATION ITU-T X.903 Information technology Open distributed processing Reference model: Architecture Summary Recommendation ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 contains the specification of the required characteristics that qualify distributed processing systems as open. These are the constrain
9、ts to which open distributed processing (ODP) standards must comply. It uses the descriptive techniques from Recommendation ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. Source Recommendation ITU-T X.903 was approved on 29 October 2009 by ITU-T Study Group 17 (2009-2012) under Recommendation ITU-T A.8 procedures.
10、An identical text is also published as ISO/IEC 10746-3. ii Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Sta
11、ndardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA),
12、which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall withi
13、n ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommend
14、ation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as
15、“must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendatio
16、n may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of
17、 this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent
18、database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations
19、 | International Standards 1 2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Descriptive definitions 2 3.2 Abbreviations 3 4 Framework . 3 4.1 Viewpoints 4 4.2 ODP viewpoint languages. 5 4.3 ODP functions. 5 4.4 ODP distribution transparenc
20、ies 5 4.5 Standards derived from the framework . 6 4.6 Conformance. 7 5 Enterprise language 7 5.1 Concepts 7 5.2 Structuring rules 7 5.3 Conformance and reference points 8 6 Information language . 8 6.1 Concepts 9 6.2 Structuring rules 9 6.3 Conformance and reference points 9 7 Computational languag
21、e. 10 7.1 Concepts 10 7.2 Structuring rules 12 7.3 Conformance and reference points 18 8 Engineering language . 18 8.1 Concepts 19 8.2 Structuring rules 20 8.3 Conformance and reference points 28 9 Technology language . 29 9.1 Concepts 29 9.2 Structuring rules 29 9.3 Conformance and reference points
22、 29 10 Consistency rules 29 10.1 Computational and information specification correspondences 30 10.2 Engineering and computational specification correspondences 30 10.3 Technology and engineering specification correspondences 31 11 ODP functions 31 12 Management functions . 32 12.1 Node management f
23、unction 32 12.2 Object management function 33 12.3 Cluster management function 33 12.4 Capsule management function 34 13 Coordination functions. 35 13.1 Event notification function 35 13.2 Checkpoint and recovery function 35 13.3 Deactivation and reactivation function 36 13.4 Group function 37 13.5
24、Replication function 37 13.6 Migration function 37 iv Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) Page 13.7 Transaction function 38 13.8 ACID transaction function 38 13.9 Engineering interface reference tracking function 39 14 Repository functions. 39 14.1 Storage function 39 14.2 Information organization function.
25、39 14.3 Relocation function . 40 14.4 Type repository function . 40 14.5 Trading function 41 15 Security functions. 41 15.1 Concepts 41 15.2 Access control function. 42 15.3 Security audit function 42 15.4 Authentication function. 42 15.5 Integrity function. 43 15.6 Confidentiality function 43 15.7
26、Non-repudiation function 43 15.8 Key management function 44 16 ODP distribution transparency . 44 16.1 Access transparency 45 16.2 Failure transparency 45 16.3 Location transparency . 46 16.4 Migration transparency . 46 16.5 Persistence transparency . 46 16.6 Relocation transparency 46 16.7 Replicat
27、ion transparency. 47 16.8 Transaction transparency. 47 Annex A Formal computational supertype/subtype rules. 48 A.1 Notations and conventions 48 A.2 Type system 48 A.3 Signal interface signature types. 51 A.4 Operation interface signature types. 52 A.5 Stream interface types. 52 A.6 Example 52 Annex
28、 B Human-computer interactions . 54 B.1 Specifying human/system interactions 54 Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) v Introduction The rapid growth of distributed processing has led to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). This reference model provi
29、des such a framework. It creates an architecture within which support of distribution, interworking and portability can be integrated. The reference model of open distributed processing, Recommendations ITU-T X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1 to X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4, is based on precise concepts derived fr
30、om current distributed processing developments and, as far as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. The reference model consists of: Recommendation ITU-T X.901 | ISO/IEC 10746-1: Overview: Contains a motivational overview of ODP giving scoping,
31、justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of the ODP architecture. It contains explanatory material on how this reference model is to be interpreted and applied by its users, who may include standards writers and architects of ODP systems. It also contains a categorization of req
32、uired areas of standardization expressed in terms of the reference points for conformance identified in this Recommendation | International Standard. This part is not normative. Recommendation ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2: Foundations: Contains the definition of the concepts and analytical framewor
33、k for normalized description of (arbitrary) distributed processing systems. It introduces the principles of conformance to ODP standards and the way in which they are applied. This is only to a level of detail sufficient to support this Recommendation | International Standard and to establish requir
34、ements for new specification techniques. This part is normative. Recommendation ITU-T X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3: Architecture: Contains the specification of the required characteristics that qualify distributed processing as open. These are the constraints to which ODP standards must conform. It uses
35、the descriptive techniques from Recommendation ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2. This part is normative. Recommendation ITU-T X.904 | ISO/IEC 10746-4: Architectural semantics: Contains a formalization of the ODP modelling concepts defined in Recommendation ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2, clauses 8 and 9
36、. The formalization is achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of the different standardized formal description techniques. This part is normative. This Recommendation | International Standard contains two annexes: Annex A Formal computational supertype/subtype rules. Annex
37、B Human-computer interactions Annex A forms an integral part of the reference model. Annex B does not form an integral part of the reference model. ISO/IEC 10746-3:2010 (E) Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD RECOMMENDATION ITU-T Information technology Open distributed processing Ref
38、erence model: Architecture 1 Scope This Recommendation | International Standard: defines how ODP systems are specified, making use of concepts in Rec. ITU-T X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2; identifies the characteristics that qualify systems as ODP systems. It establishes a framework for coordinating the de
39、velopment of existing and future standards for ODP systems and is provided for reference by those standards. 2 Normative references The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation | Inter
40、national Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editi
41、on of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International
42、 Standards Recommendation ITU-T X.200 (1994) | ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model: The basic model. Recommendation ITU-T X.810 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-1:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open s
43、ystems: Overview. Recommendation ITU-T X.811 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-2:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open systems: Authentication framework. Recommendation ITU-T X.812 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-3:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnectio
44、n Security frameworks for open systems: Access control framework. Recommendation ITU-T X.813 (1996) | ISO/IEC 10181-4:1997, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open systems: Non-repudiation framework. Recommendation ITU-T X.814 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-5:1996, I
45、nformation technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open systems: Confidentiality framework. Recommendation ITU-T X.815 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-6:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open systems: Integrity framework. Recommendation
46、ITU-T X.816 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10181-7:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Security frameworks for open systems: Security audit and alarms framework. Recommendation ITU-T X.851 (1997) | ISO/IEC 9804:1998; Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Service definition for
47、the Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery service element. Recommendation ITU-T X.902 (2009) | ISO/IEC 10746-2:2010, Information technology Open distributed processing Reference model: Foundations. ISO/IEC 11770-1:1996, Information technology Security techniques Key management Part 1: Framework. 2.2
48、Paired Recommendations | International Standards equivalent in technical content Recommendation ITU-T X.800 (1991), Security architecture for Open Systems Interconnection for CCITT applications. ISO 7498-2:1989, Information processing systems Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model Part 2
49、: Security Architecture. ISO/IEC 10746-3:2010 (E) 2 Rec. ITU-T X.903 (10/2009) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Descriptive definitions This reference model makes use of the following term defined in Rec. ITU-T X.200 | ISO/IEC 7498-1: transfer syntax. This Recommendation | International Standard makes use of the following terms defi
