1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TEL ECO M M U N I CATI O N STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU . X.950 (08197) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COM M U N I CATI ON Open distributed processing Information technology - Open distributed processing - Trading function: Specification ITU-T Re
2、commendation X.950 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) STDmITU-T RECMN X-750-ENGL 2997 = 48b2572 0b44472 427 D ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATION PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities Interfaces Transmission, signalling and switching Network aspects Maint
3、enance Administrative arrangements OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION Model and notation . ,. Service definitions Connection-mode protocol specifications Connectionless-mode protocol specifications PICS profomas Protocol Identification Security Protocols Layer Managed Objects Conformance testing INTERWORKI
4、NG BETWEEN NETWORKS General Satellite data transmission systems MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS DIRECTORY OS1 NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking Efficiency Naming, Addressing and Registration Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.l) OS1 MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture Management
5、Communication Service and Protocol Structure of Management Information Management functions SECURITY OS1 APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery Transaction processing Remote operations OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X. 1-X. 199 X. 1 -X. 1 9 X.20-X.49 x.50-X.89 X.90-X. 149 X.150-X.179 X.180-X
6、. 199 X .200-X . 299 X.200-X.209 X.210-X.2 19 X.220-X.229 X.230-X.239 X.240-X.259 X.260-X.269 X.270-X.279 X.280-X.289 X.290-X.299 X.300-X.399 X. 3 00-X. 349 X.350-X.399 X.400-X.499 X.500-X.599 X .600-X . 699 X.600-X.629 X.630-X. 649 X ,650-X.679 X.680-X.699 X.700-X.799 X.700-X.709 X.7 10-X.715) X.72
7、0-X.729 X.730-X.799 X.800-X. 849 X.850-X.899 X.850-X.859 X.860-X.879 X.880-X.899 X.900-X.999 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 13235-1 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.950 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING - TRADING FUNCTION: SPECIFIC
8、ATION Summary This Recommendation I International Standard specifies the ODP trading function. The trading function is one of the components of the architecture of the ODP reference model defined in ITU-T Rec. 903 I ISOAEC 10746-3. The trading function provides the means to offer services and to dis
9、cover services that have been offered in an ODP system. The field of application of the trading function is any ODP system in which it is required to introduce and discover services incrementally, dynamically and openly. Source The IT-T Recommendation X.950 was approved on the 9th of August 1997. Th
10、e identical text is also published as ISOAEC Intemational Standard 13235-1. ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) 1 FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a pe
11、rmanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four ye
12、ars, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. . I. In some areas of information technology whic
13、h fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE. In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROP
14、ERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whethe
15、r asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are
16、cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1997 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying an
17、d microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. 11 ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) CONTENTS Page 1 Scope and field of application 2 Normative References 3 Notations 4 Definitions Definitions from ITU-T Rec . X.902 I ISO/IEC 10746-2 Definitions from ITU-T X.903 I ISO/IEC 10746-3 4.1 4.2 5 Overview
18、 of the ODP Trading Function 5.1 Diversity and scalability 5.2 Linking traders Enterprise specification of the Trading Function . 5.3 Policy 3 6.1 Communities . 6.2 Roles . 6.3 Activities . 6.4 Policies 6 . 6.5 Structuring rules Information specification of the Trading Function 7.1 Overview 7.2 Basi
19、c concepts . 7.3 Invariant schema . 7.4 Static schema 7.5 Dynamic schemata Computational specification of the Trading Function 8.1 Viewpoint correspondences 8.2 Concepts and data types 7 8 8.3 Exceptions . 8.4 Abstract interfaces . 8.5 Functional interfaces . 8.6 Dynamic Property Evaluation interfac
20、e 8.7 Trader object template 9 Conformance statements and reference points . 9.1 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 Annex A - A . 1 A . 7 A.3 Conformance requirement for trading function interfaces as server . Conformance requirements for query trader conformance class . Conformance requirements for stand-
21、alone trader conformance class . Conformance requirements for linked trader conformance class Conformance requirements for proxy trader conformance class Conformance requirements for full-service trader conformance class . Conformance tests . ODP-IDL based specification of the Trading Function . Int
22、roduction . . ODP Trading Function module . Dynamic Property module Conformance requirements for simple trader conformance class Annex B . ODP Trading Function Constraint Language BNF B.l Introduction . B.2 Language basics B.3 The constraint language BNF . ITU-T Rec . X.950 (1997 E) 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4
23、4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 12 13 13 21 22 22 35 37 39 55 56 58 59 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 69 71 71 71 72 . 111 STD-ITU-T RECHN X.950-ENGL 1777 48b257L Ob4447b 074 Annex C . ODP Trading Function constraint recipe language c.1 c.2 c.3 Annex D - D . 1 D.2 Introduction . The recipe syntax Example Servi
24、ce type repository . Introduction . Service type repository . Page 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 iv ITU-T Rec . X.950 (1997 E) STD-ITU-T RECMN X.95-ENGL 1997 m 48b257L Ob44477 TOO Introduction The rapid growth of distributed processing has lead to a need for a coordinating framework for the standardization o
25、f Open Distributed Processing (ODP). The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) provides such a framework. It defines an architecture within which support of distribution, interoperability and portability can be integrated. One of the components of the architecture (described in RM-
26、ODP Part 3: Architecture) (ITU-T Rec. X.903 I ISO/IEC 10746-3) is the ODP Trading function. The trading function provides the means to offer a service and the means to discover services that have been offered. This Recommendation I International Standard provides an architecture for systems implemen
27、ting the trading function and the specification of interfaces within the architecture. NOTE - The specification of computational interfaces in this Recommendation I International Standard is technically aligned with the OMG Trading Object Service. The goals of this Recommendation I International Sta
28、ndard are: - - - to provide a standard which is independent of any implementation; to ensure implementations are capable of being made to interoperate (Le. can be federated); to provide sufficient detail to allow conformance claims to be assessed. Annex A is a normative ODP-IDL specification of the
29、trading function interface signatures. Annex B is a normative specification of the ODP trading function constraint language. Annex C is a normative specification of the ODP trading function constraint recipe language. Annex D is an informative description of a Service Type Repository. ITU-T Rec. X.9
30、50 (1997 E) V STD-ITU-T RECMN X-750-ENGL 1777 W 48b257L Ob44478 747 ISOAEC 13235-1 : 1997 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING - TRADING FUNCTION: SPECIFICATION 1 Scope and field of application The scope of this Recommendation I Interna
31、tional Standard is: - - - - an enterprise specification for the.trading function; an information specification for the trading function; a computational specification for traders (i.e. objects providing the trading function); conformance requirements in terms of conformance points. It is not a goal
32、of this Recommendation 1 Intemational Standard to state how the trading function should be realized. Therefore this Recommendation 1 International Standard does not include an engineering specification. The field of application for this Recommendation I Intenational Standard is any ODP system in whi
33、ch it is required to introduce and discover services incrementally, dynamically and openly. 2 Normative References The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, trough reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation 1 International Standard.
34、 At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation I International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommen
35、dations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. - ITU-T Recommendation X.901 (1997) 1 ISO/IEC 10746-1:1997, Inf
36、ormation technology - Open distributedprocessing - Reference Model: Overview. - ITU-T Recommendation X.902 (1995) I ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Foundations. - ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1995) 1 ISO/IEC 10746-3:1996, Information techn
37、ology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model: Architecture. - ITU-T Recommendation X.920 (1997) I ISO/IEC 14750:1998, Information technology - Open Distributed Processing - Interface Definition Language. ISO/IEC 135681, Information technology - The Z Speczjcation Language. - 3 Notations The
38、 information specification of the trading function is described using the Z formal description language. The signature of the computational interface for the trading function is described using ODP Interface Definition Language, in clause 8 and in Annex A. ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) 1 STD-ITU-T RECMN
39、 X-950-ENGL 1777 48b2571 Obl(l(477 883 ISO/IEC 13235-1 : 1997 (E) 4 Definitions 4.1 This Specification is based on the framework of abstractions and concepts developed in RM-ODP and makes use of the following definitions from RM-ODP Part 2: Foundations (see ITU-T Rec. X.902 1 ISO/IEC 10746-2). Defin
40、itions from ITU-T Rec. X.902 I ISOfiEC 10746-2 a) action; b) activity; c) behaviour; d) behavioural compatibility; e) binding; f) client object; g) conformance point; h) contract; i) domain; j) establishing behaviour; k) failure; 1) identifier; m) initiating object; n) instance; o) interaction; p) i
41、nterface; q) interface signature; r) name; s) object; t) obligation; u) ODP system; v) permission; w) policy; x) prohibition; y) quality of service; z) reference point; aa) responding object; bb) role; cc) server object; dd) subtype; ee) supertype; ff) template; gg) template type; hh) trading; ii) t
42、ransparency; jj) type; kk) viewpoint. 2 ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) - STD-ITU-T RECMN X-750-ENGL 1997 m 48b257L Ob114VO 5T5 m ISOAEC 13235-1 : 1997 (E) 4.2 This Specification is based on the framework of abstractions and concepts developed in RM-ODP and makes use of the following definitions from RM-O
43、DP Part 3: Architecture (see ITU-T Rec. X.903 I ISO/IEC 10746-3). Definitions from ITU-T X.903 I ISOEC 10746-3 community; computational interface template; computational viewpoint; dynamic schema; engineering viewpoint; enterprise viewpoint; exporter; information viewpoint; invariant schema; schema;
44、 service export; service import; service offer; static schema; technology viewpoint; federation. . 5 Overview of the ODP Trading Function In the context of the ODP goal of providing distribution transparent utilization of services over heterogeneous platforms and networks, the role of the Trading Fu
45、nction is to allow users to find potential services. It is a corollary of distribution that the finding of services will occur dynamically. The ODP trading function facilitates the offering and the discovery of instances of interfaces which provide services of particular types. A trader is an object
46、 that supports the Trading Function in a distributed environment. It can be viewed as an object through which other objects can advertise their capabilities and match their needs against advertised capabilities. Advertising a capability or offering a service is called “export“. Matching against need
47、s or discovering services is called “import“. Export and import facilitate dynamic discovery of and late binding to services. To export, an object gives the trader a description of a service together with the location of an interface at which that service is available. To import, an object asks the
48、trader for a service having certain characteristics. The trader checks against the descriptions of services and responds to the importer with the location(s) of matched service interface(s). The importer is then able to interact with a matched service. These interactions are shown in Figure 1. , n S
49、equence of interactions: 1. Export 2. Import 3. Service Interaction Figure 1 - Interaction between the trader and its clients ITU-T Rec. X.950 (1997 E) 3 STD-ITU-T RECMN XB750-ENGL 1797 48b2571 Ub4V4AL 431 = ISO/IEC 13235-1 : 1997 (E) The service interaction could be decoupled fiom the trading interactions (export and import) by modelling a service provider object and a service user object explicitly. This would imply interactions between service provider and exporter and between importer and service user that are trading actions, as defined in IT
