1、 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION X.960TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/99) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS Open distributed processing Information Technology Open Distributed Processing Type Repository Function ITU-T Recommendation X.960 (Previously CC
2、ITT Recommendation) ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects
3、 X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Proto
4、col Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYST
5、EM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management Communication Service and Protocol X.
6、710X.719 Structure of Management Information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 ITU-T
7、Rec. X.960 (1999 E) i INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 14769 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.960 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TYPE REPOSITORY FUNCTION Summary This Recommendation | International Standard defines a framework for describing and managing types of interest in ODP systems. Specificall
8、y: it determines what entities need to be typed and what needs to be defined about the identified types; it identifies and characterizes type languages sufficient to describe the types of interest; it specifies a generic type repository function which can be specialized to a specific type system or
9、type notation, and which provides for storage, retrieval and management of type descriptions and relationships between types, for naming of types in a manner consistent with the ODP naming framework, and for interworking and federation of different type repositories. Source The ITU-T Recommendation
10、X.960 was approved on 18 June 1999. The identical text is also published as ISO/IEC International Standard 14769. ii ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni-cations. The ITU Telecommunication
11、Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Confer
12、ence (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some are
13、as of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized ope
14、rating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Inte
15、llectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommenda
16、tion. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. Ge3 ITU 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mec
17、hanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative References 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards. 1 2.2 Specifications of the Object Management Group 2 3 Definitions 2 3.1
18、 Terms defined in other International Standards. 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation | International Standard 4 3.3 Terms defined in the OMG Meta-Object Facility . 5 4 Abbreviations 5 5 Overview and Motivation . 5 5.1 Type Repository 5 5.2 Meta-Object Facility 6 6 Enterprise Specification 6 6
19、.1 Objective . 6 6.2 Type Repository Community 6 6.2.1 Roles 6 6.2.2 Behaviour 8 6.2.3 Policies 10 6.3 Federation 10 6.4 Correspondences between enterprise specification concepts and the MOF 11 7 Information Specification . 11 7.1 Correspondences between information viewpoint concepts and the MOF 11
20、 8 Computational Specification. 12 8.1 Correspondences between computational viewpoint concepts and the MOF 12 9 Conformance Statements and Reference Points . 12 Annex A ODP Type Framework. 14 A.1 ODP-RM Type System 14 A.2 Type System for ODP Trading Function. 16 A.3 Interface Reference and Binding
21、Type System . 17 Annex B Suggested type languages 23 Annex C Summary of Referenced Material in OMG Meta-Object Facility . 24 C.1 Problems arising through reference to the OMG Meta-Object Facility specification . 24 C.2 Relationship with the MOF specification 24 iv ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) Introduct
22、ion This Recommendation | International Standard prescribes the ODP Type Repository Function (subclause 14.4 of ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3) to support the storage, retrieval and management of type descriptions within an identified framework for type descriptions. ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 1
23、0746-2 provides a general definition of type in subclause 9.7; this definition allows the description of types using any predicate. ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 introduces a number of target concepts specific to particular viewpoints. This Recommendation | International Standard supports the e
24、stablishment of type definitions based on the concepts defined in the ODP family of Recommendations | International Standards. This Recommendation | International Standard enables type descriptions for use by the ODP functions outlined in ISO/ IEC 10746-3. Type descriptions can occur in specificatio
25、ns from any viewpoint, e.g. enterprise specification can introduce enterprise types. This Recommendation | International Standard specifically addresses the needs of the ODP computational and engineering viewpoint types, but is capable of supporting type descriptions coming from other viewpoint lang
26、uages. This Recommendation | International Standard permits the use of multiple type description languages. There are a number of widely used and standardized languages for type description, for example CORBA IDL, ASN.1, LOTOS, GDMO and SDL, which fulfil some of the requirements of type descriptions
27、 in ODP-RM. This Recommendation | International Standard does not define a single all-encompassing type language. Users can use either existing languages or languages defined within other ODP Recommendations | International Standards. Annex B is an informative annex outlining languages that support
28、large sets of target concepts. This Recommendation | International Standard supports type systems with a type Type (e.g. pass type as parameters as in the ODP computational language). ITU-T Rec. X.903 | ISO/IEC 10746-3 defines a subtype relationship between computational operational interface signat
29、ure types. This Recommendation | International Standards supports a wider variety of relationships between types, which might include the analysis of behaviour and environment contracts, but the definition of such relationships is not within the scope of this Recommendation | International Standard.
30、 Relationships between types can either be asserted or deduced. It is recognized that not all relationships (including equivalence) can always be automatically deduced. However, automatic deduction should be encouraged whenever applicable. The type repository function supports the allocation of iden
31、tifiers to types in order to allow the transmission of these “shorthand“ representations across domains (i.e. between objects using different type repositories). The type repository function addresses interworking and federation to support the distribution of the type repository function by clarifyi
32、ng the notion of type domains. This function supports both federation of type domains handling equivalent type systems and federation of type domains handling different type systems. ISO/IEC 14769 : 1999 (E) ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 14769 : 1999 (E) ITU-T Rec. X.960
33、 (1999 E) ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TYPE REPOSITORY FUNCTION 1 Scope The concept of “type“ is fundamental to ODP systems; the interaction model of ODP-RM involves strongly-typed interactions. This Recommendation | International Standard: defines a framew
34、ork for describing types of interest in ODP systems by determining what entities need to be typed and what needs to be said about the identified types. The primary focus of this work is the computational interface type system; identifies and characterizes type languages sufficient to describe the ty
35、pes identified above in an informative annex; provides enterprise, information, and computational specifications of a generic type repository function within the type description framework which can be specialized to select a specific type system or type notation. The type repository function provid
36、es: storage and retrieval of type descriptions; management of type descriptions; management of the relationship between types including matching of types; naming of types (in a manner consistent with ODP Naming Framework); interworking and federation of different type repositories. This Recommendati
37、on | International Standard provides a standard method of accessing type descriptions used within open distributed processing systems, where the type descriptions can be in various concrete syntaxes and type languages used in these open distributed processing systems. This Recommendation | Internati
38、onal Standard also facilitates the dynamic matching of types for interactions, binding and trading purposes. 2 Normative References The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation | Inter
39、national Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and International Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation | International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the mos
40、t recent edition of the Recommendations and Standards listed below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of ITU maintains a list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Identical Recommendations |
41、 International Standards ITU-T Recommendations X.680-series (1997) | ISO/IEC 8824 (all parts):1998, Information technology Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). ITU-T Recommendation X.725 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10165-7:1996, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Structure of management infor
42、mation: General relationship model. ISO/IEC 14769 : 1999 (E) 2 ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) ITU-T Recommendation X.902 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10746-2:1996, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model: Foundations. ITU-T Recommendation X.903 (1995) | ISO/IEC 10746-3:1996, Information te
43、chnology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model: Architecture. ITU-T Recommendation X.910 (1998) | ISO/IEC 14771:1999, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Naming Framework. ITU-T Recommendation X.920 (1997) | ISO/IEC 14750:1999, Information technology Open Distributed Processing
44、Interface definition language. ITU-T Recommendation X.930 (1998) | ISO/IEC 14753:1999, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Interface references and binding. ITU-T Recommendation X.950 (1997) | ISO/IEC 13235-1:1998, Information technology Open Distributed Processing Trading function: S
45、pecification. 2.2 Additional References ISO/IEC 10027:1990, Information technology Information Resource Dictionary System (IRDS) framework. ISO/IEC 13719 (all parts):1998, Information technology Portable Common Tool Environment (PCTE). ISO/IEC 15474 (all parts):.1), Information technology CDIF Frame
46、work. 2.3 Specifications of the Object Management Group This Recommendation | International Standard makes references to the following specifications: Object Management Group, ad/97-08-14 and ad/97-08-15, Meta-Object Facility, 1997. Object Management Group, ad/97-08-02 through ad/98-08-09, Unified M
47、odelling Language, 1997. Annex C identifies the clauses of this Recommendation | International Standard that reference text in the Meta-Object Facility. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Recommendation | International Standard, the following definitions apply, except for where the text is descr
48、ibed as being common with the Meta-Object Facility. 3.1 Terms defined in other International Standards This Recommendation | International Standard makes use of the following terms defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 Open Distributed Processing Reference Model: Foundations): action; behavi
49、our; binding; client object; consumer object; creation (of an ); data type; deletion (of an ); domain; environment contract type; identifier; information; instance (of a type); _ 1)To be published. ISO/IEC 14769 : 1999 (E) ITU-T Rec. X.960 (1999 E) 3 instantiation (of an ); interface; interface signature; name; obligation; ODP standard; ODP system; object; policy; role; subtype; supertype; sta
