1、 KSKSKSKSKSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS I ISO 14040 KS I ISO 14040:2011 2011 7 18 http:/www.kats.go.krKS I ISO 14040:2011 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : (ISO/TC207/SC5,6) ( ) ( ) ISM : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) ： ：2007 6 29 ：2011 7 18 2011-021530 ： ： (ISO/TC207/SC5,6) ( 02-509-7270) (http:/www.kats.go.kr
2、). 10 5 , . KS I ISO 14040:2011 i ii 1 .1 2 .1 3 .1 4 .7 4.1 LCA 7 4.2 .8 4.3 LCA .8 4.4 9 5 10 5.1 .10 5.2 .11 5.3 (LCI) .12 5.4 (LCIA).13 5.5 16 6 16 7 .17 7.1 17 7.2 .17 7.3 .17 A( ) LCA LCI .18 A.1 18 A.2 19 20 KS I ISO 14040:2011 ii 2006 2 ISO 14040, Environmental management Life cycle assessme
3、nt Principles and framework , . 1) . (LCA) . . . , ( , , ). ( , ) LCA KS I ISO 14044 LCA . LCA , , , ( ) 2)( ) . LCA 4 . a) b) c) d) LCA . LCA LCA . (LCI) LCA . LCI . LCI . (LCIA) LCA . LCIA . LCA . , , . 1) . 2) . KS I ISO 14040:2011 iii LCA . LCI . LCA LCI . LCI LCA LCIA . LCI LCA LCI . , LCA LCI
4、. LCA LCI . . LCA ( , , ) . LCA , . . KS I ISO 14040:2011 Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework 1 LCA . a) LCA b) c) d) e) LCA f) LCA g) LCA h) LCA LCI . LCA , LCA . LCA LCI , . . 2 . . ( ) . KS I ISO 14044, 3 . 3.1 (life cycle) 3.2 (life cycle assessment) KS I ISO
5、14040:2011 2 LCA , 3.3 (life cycle inventory analysis) LCI LCA 3.4 (life cycle impact assessment) LCIA LCA 3.5 (life cycle interpretation) LCA 3.6 (comparative assertion) 3.7 (transparency) 3.8 (environmental aspect) , KS I ISO 14001, 3.6 3.9 (product) 1 . (： ) (： , ) (： ) (： ) 2 . . (： ) (： ) (： )
6、(： ) , KS I ISO 14040:2011 3 . . . 3 KS Q ISO 14021 KS Q ISO 9000 3.10 (co-product) 3.11 (process) KS Q ISO 9000, 3.4.1 3.12 (elementary flow) , 3.13 (energy flow) . 3.14 (feedstock energy) . . 3.15 (raw material) 1 2 2 . 3.16 (ancillary input) , 3.17 (allocation) KS I ISO 14040:2011 4 3.18 (cut-off
7、 criteria) . 3.19 (data quality) 3.20 (functional unit) (reference unit) 3.21 (input) , , . 3.22 (intermediate flow) , 3.23 (intermediate product) 3.24 (LCI result： life cycle inventory analysis result) LCIA 3.25 (output) , , , . 3.26 (process energy) , 3.27 (product flow) 3.28 (product system) , ,
8、. KS I ISO 14040:2011 5 3.29 (reference flow) (measure) 3.30 (releases) , 3.31 (sensitivity analysis) 3.32 (system boundary) “ ” . 3.33 (uncertainty analysis) . 3.34 (unit process) 3.35 (waste) “ (1989. 3. 22)” , . 3.36 (category endpoint) , , 3.37 (characterization factor) (common unit) . 3.38 (env
9、ironmental mechanism) KS I ISO 14040:2011 6 , , , 3.39 (impact category) 3.40 (impact category indicator) “” . 3.41 (completeness check) LCA 3.42 (consistency check) , , 3.43 (sensitivity check) 3.44 (evaluation) LCA , , . 3.45 (critical review) 1 4.1 . 2 . 3.46 (interested party) LCA KS I ISO 14040
10、:2011 7 4 4.1 LCA 4.1.1 LCA , . 4.1.2 LCA . (shift) . 4.1.3 LCA . LCA . LCA . 4.1.4 LCA . . LCI LCIA . 4.1.5 LCA . LCA . . 4.1.6 LCA LCA . 4.1.7 LCA , . (： , , ) (cross-media) (trade-off) . 4.1.8 LCA . ( , ) . . KS I ISO 14040:2011 8 4.2 4.2.1 LCA 4 . 1 . . 4.2.2 LCI 3 . 4.2.3 LCA . LCA LCI , LCA LC
11、I 1 . LCA A . 1 4.3 LCA LCA . a) LCA . b) LCA . c) LCA . d) LCA . e) LCA . f) LCA . ： KS I ISO 14040:2011 9 g) LCA . LCA . h) LCA ( , ) . LCA . i) LCA . LCA . j) LCA LCIA . k) LCIA LCI , , ( ) . (LCIA ) LCIA . l) LCA . . m) LCA , , , . n) LCA . o) LCA LCA . 4.4 LCA . . 2 . ( 3 ). / , . . , ( ) . ( / ) . . , . LCA . LCI LCIA . KS I ISO 14040:2011 10 ： ： , ： ： 2 LCA 3 5 5.1 / KS I ISO 14040:2011 11 LCA KS I ISO 14044 . 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.1.1 LCA . , , . 5.2.1.2 . , , ( ) LCA , . 5.2.2 , LCA ( ) . ( ) . . LCA . LCA , . , . , . . KS I ISO 14040:2011 12 , . , . , . . 5.2.3 LCA . . , .
