1、2014 年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Overseas remittance2 European Union Emission Trading Scheme3 carbon sink4 TPP Agreement5 COP 196 Malthusian Theory of Population7 sub-Saharan Africa8 Maastricht Treaty9 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DOC)10 HSBC11 the House of Lords12 purc
2、hasing power parity13 China-Britain Business Council(CBBC)14 Wikileaks15 rep by pop汉译英16 创业板市场17 中国共产党第十八届三中全会18 棱镜事件19 本草纲目20 假冒及盗版产品21 页岩气22 “土豪”23 比特币24 “脱光”(11 月 11 日)25 现房与期房26 老年痴呆27 杜莎夫人蜡像馆28 热岛效应29 环球时报30 史记英译汉31 The biographer should sternly confine himself to his functions as introducer; a
3、nd should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there; when, for example, your hero has put his hand in somebodys pocket and you have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence o
4、f mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact, or a saying into which a man has put his whole soul, is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doomsday about Swifts character, his single phrase about “dying like a poisoned rat in a hole“ tells us more than all the
5、 commentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, and nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character; and the writer who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait-painter who allows the chairs and tables,
6、 or even the coat and cravat, to distract attention from the face. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life; and such anecdotes must be made to tell properly, instead of being hidden away in a wilderness of the commonplace; they should be a focus of interest, instead of a
7、 fallible extract for a book of miscellanies. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppress the incident of the penance at Uttoxter! It is such incidents that in books, as often in life, suddenly reveal to us whole regions of sentiment but never rise to the surface in the ordinary routine of our
8、day.32 The term genetically modified organism(GMO)refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics(for example resistance to pests, or herbicides)and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of haz
9、ards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide: 1)those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2)unintended effects inherent to the technology; 3)interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4)those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollinati
10、on as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animals, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in diff
11、erent organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lacking from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it wa
12、s shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin(雪花莲凝集素), stunted the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, in
13、cluding the kidneys, thymus(胸腺), gastrocnemius muscles(腓肠肌)and others and damaged their intestines and their immune system.汉译英33 科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想。有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月、龙宫探宝、封神演义上的许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天大都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说，人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。我国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创
14、造，勇于革命的。我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者特有的风格，让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中去探索无穷的真理吧!34 上海自贸区于 2013 年 8 月 22 日经国务院批准设立，9 月 29 日正式挂牌。无数创业者在问：上海自贸区到底能带给自己什么?自贸区当然不只是金融大鳄、商业巨头的自贸区，同样也孕育着小创业者的机会。换言之，这里不是一个靠优惠创富的特区，而是属于冒险者的天堂。睁大双眼，遍地机遇。比如，大量优质外国文化产品、娱乐形式和文化领域的人才将聚集上海，这将有利于这些外资文化公司在华拓展业务，对于国内相对落后的文化娱乐产业也将有促进
15、作用。文化产业的概念很大，里头有无数个细分市场，每一个细分市场不仅自身能赚钱，还有可能产生无数的衍生行业。举个例子，假如米高梅电影公司来华投资，这家在华公司投拍一部好莱坞大片，将有望更多地借助中国企业的支持，如戏服订购租赁，相关周边产品分销，就连电影城周围的盒饭供应都是一桩好生意。据说上海几家专为餐饮店提供服务的演出小分队正在苦修英文，而一些舞蹈院校加派了社交舞、钢管舞等课程，以应对未来消费者和从业者的需求。因此，关键在于作为小鱼的创业者能不能发现大鱼的需求，在它吞掉你之前，找到自己的价值，发展壮大。2014 年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 侨汇2 【正确答案】
16、 欧盟排放交易机制3 【正确答案】 碳汇4 【正确答案】 跨太平洋合作伙伴协定5 【正确答案】 联合国气候变化大会第 19 次缔约方大会6 【正确答案】 马尔萨斯人口理论7 【正确答案】 撒哈拉以南非洲8 【正确答案】 马斯特里赫特条约9 【正确答案】 南海各方行为宣言10 【正确答案】 汇丰银行11 【正确答案】 上议院12 【正确答案】 购买力平价13 【正确答案】 中英贸易协会14 【正确答案】 维基解密15 【正确答案】 人民代表汉译英16 【正确答案】 growth enterprise board17 【正确答案】 the Third Plenary Session of the
17、18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China18 【正确答案】 prism event19 【正确答案】 Compendium of Materia Medica20 【正确答案】 counterfeit and pirated products21 【正确答案】 shale gas22 【正确答案】 nouveau riche23 【正确答案】 bitcoin24 【正确答案】 Singlesday off25 【正确答案】 complete department and forward delivery housing26 【
18、正确答案】 senile dementia27 【正确答案】 Madame Tussauds28 【正确答案】 tropical island effect29 【正确答案】 Global Times30 【正确答案】 Historical Records英译汉31 【正确答案】 传记作家应该严格地把自己看作是介绍人，应该只谈书中明显需要的东西，别的无须多谈。必要时可以顺便谈一些创作动机，比如，你心目中的英雄把手放进了某人的口袋里，你可以去证明这种行为只是无心之过。但你一定要记得，只有一个实实在在的单一事实或是一个人赋予自己整个灵魂的一种说法才值得你展开大量的心理分析。我们可能直到世界末日才会
19、谈论斯威夫特的性格，他有一句话“像在困境中中毒的老鼠一样死去” 告诉我们的道理比所有的评论家说的都多。书籍应该只是作者自己在说在做，和别的什么东西没有关系。对人物的描写应该反映性格的本质，作者赋予了作品一切，但这一切又无法表达出作品的总体效果，就像一个肖像画家，他可以用椅子、桌子甚至外套和领带来转移人们对相貌的注意。真正重要的轶事一般是一个生命的存续，而这些轶事必须用适当的方式讲述出来，而不是用一些俗套的办法把它们遮掩起来。这些轶事必须是人们的兴趣焦点所在，而不是易出错的某些个片段。如果我们压制住在尤科斯特的忏悔情节，约翰逊的形象又会丢失多少呢!书中这样的情节，就像生活中的一样，会立刻暴露出我
20、们的情感区，但从来不会上升到日常生活的表面。32 【正确答案】 转基因生物指的是导人其他物种基因的植物、微生物以及动物，通过运用重组 DNA 技术，以让这些生物具有某些异常的特征(比如抵抗害虫或除草剂)。科学家们在广泛探讨转基因生物带来的四个主要危害源：1)含有新基因的产物以及引进的基因产品；2)技术本身的非预期效应；3)外源基因和宿主基因之间的相互作用；4)有些基因是通过异花授粉以及水平基因转移产生的，它们的扩散带来的问题。转基因农作物含有自然条件下它们本身没有的物质，而它们又是我们日常饮食的一部分。为了理解转基因农作物对我们人类以及牲畜的影响，研究属于不同物种的转基因植物连续几代产生的影响
21、是很有必要的。目前，这些研究缺乏来自科学文献的支持。并且转基因作物也有一些有害的影响已经波及动物的新陈代谢。在许多研究中，转基因生物的危害都已经在动物以及环境中显现出来。早在初期，动物吃了转基因食物后，出现了一些负面的变化。A普兹泰做的实验显示，插入雪花莲凝集素基因的土豆使老鼠发育不良，极大地影响到了老鼠的一些重要器官包括肾脏、胸腺、腓肠肌以及其他器官，损害了他们的肠道以及免疫系统。汉译英33 【正确答案】 Science is a practical learning, which tolerates no falseness and demands tremendous efforts.
22、Meanwhile, it also demands creation and fantasy. Only fantasy can cut off the bound of the tradition and develop science. Dont let poets take advantage of fantasy alone. Via science, many fantasies in ancient China have come true. Such fantasies include, for example, the one in which the lady Chang
23、E who swallowed elixir stolen from her husband flew to the moon, the one in which Monkey Sun, the famous hero in one of the Chinese classic mythical novels, dove into the “dragons palace“ in the deep water to search for treasures, and those described in The List of Conferred Gods, another Chinese cl
24、assic mythical novel. The great astronomer Nicholas Copernicus said mans bounden duty lay in the boundless space. Chinese people have been bold in exploration, creation and revolution all through the ages. We must break with convention and chop a way through difficulties for the development of scien
25、ce in China. It is characteristic of science workers both to indulge in the wildest fantasy and seek truth from facts. Lets seek the infinite truth in the boundless space!34 【正确答案】 Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone was established on September 29 th went public on the list of Stock Exchange and under t
26、he approval of the State Council on August 22 th, 2013 and officially. Many entrepreneurs have since asked: What can the Free Trade Zone bring to us? The free trade zone not only belongs to those financial giants or commercial tycoons but also breeds opportunities for those small entrepreneurs. In o
27、ther words, it is not a special zone for enjoying preferential treatment or creating wealth, but a heaven for ventures. Keep your eyes open and you will find opportunities in every field. For example, massive superior foreign cultural products, recreational forms and talents in the cultural communit
28、y will gather in Shanghai to the benefit of expanding business for those foreign cultural companies and also promoting the development of backward culture and recreation industry at home. Culture industry is so large that it can be divided into specific markets which are not only profitable but also
29、 can bring derivatives. For example, if Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer makes an investment in a Hollywood blockbuster in China, it will mostly seek support from Chinese companies such as order and lease of costume, distribution of related products and e-ven sales of packed meal around the film city. It is said
30、 that some performance team members in the restaurants are making every effort to learn English and some dance academies add courses on ballroom dance and pole dancing to fulfill future demands of consumers and practitioners. Therefore, the key lies in that whether you, as a shrimp, can i-dentify the demand of the fish, find out your own value and strengthen yourself before being eaten by the fish.
