1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 95 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Around half of all teenagers in the UK are putting themselves at risk of food poisoning because they dont wash their hands before eating or after visitin
2、g the toilet, a new survey indicates. To coincide with National Food Safety Week, researchers from the Food and Drink Federation(FDF)conducted a survey of over 500 people aged between 11 and 19 about their hygiene and eating habits. Their survey revealed that 57 per cent of teenagers admitted to not
3、 always washing their hands after visiting the toilet or before lunch at school. Of these, over two-thirds ate lunch, such as sandwiches or a burger, with their hands.Furthermore, 40 per cent of those who do wash their hands do not always use soap. And 75 per cent said they dry their hands on their
4、clothes when in a hurrydamp hands spread around 1,000 times more germs than dry ones. Excuses that teenagers gave for not washing their hands ranged from not having enough time(24 percent)to dirty and unhygienic facilities(26 percent)and forgetfulness(22 percent).Food safety expert Hugh Pennington,
5、Professor of Microbiology at Aberdeen University, said, “The best news about food safety is that one doesnt have to be a rocket scientist to do it properly. The bad news is that even a simple and obvious thing like hand washingwhich protects incredibly wellis seen by many people as good health theor
6、y, but not actually put into practice.“Martin Paterson, deputy director general of the FDF, said that teens hygiene habits before eating were a recipe for disaster, adding that although most know how food poisoning could occur, the majority do not take simple precautions to prevent it. “Of course te
7、enagers dont want to be nannied,“ he said, “but with up to 5.5 million cases of food poisoning a year, we clearly need to keep plugging away with simple food hygiene messages in fun and imaginative ways, to remind people of all ages how they can continue to enjoy their food safely.“1 According to th
8、e survey, over two-thirds of all teenagers in the UK_.（A）eat sandwiches for lunch（B） dont always use soap when washing their hands（C） eat lunch with their hands（D）dont always wash their hands after visiting the toilet or before lunch at school2 The author implies that it is important to dry hands be
9、cause_.（A）some students dry their hands on their clothes（B） wet clothes can cause students to catch cold（C） damp hands are more likely to spread germs（D）damp hands take 1,000 times longer to dry3 By saying “one doesnt have to be a rocket scientist to do it properly“(line 2, para. 3), Hugh Pennington
10、 means_.（A）it isnt necessary to go to outer space to practice food safety（B） practicing food safety is quite difficult（C） its incredibly easy to practice food safety（D）practicing food safety isnt terribly difficult4 Despite being educated about food poisoning, most teenagers_.（A）get food poisoning a
11、t least once a year（B） fail to take simple precautions to avoid it（C） are able to avoid food poisoning（D）enjoy their food safely5 What is the main message conveyed by the text?（A）Many UK teenagers are at risk of food poisoning because they fail to take simple precautions.（B） Food poisoning in the UK
12、 is on the rise.（C） Washing hands is important.（D）British schools need to improve their sanitation levels in order to reduce instances of food poisoning.5 People are no longer so naive as to believe whatever vested interests say. It is only necessary to look at smoking to learn much about the curren
13、t campaign of disinformation when it comes to fossil fuels and greenhouse gases. The opposition will then occupy the same place in public perception as that reserved for the early anti-smoking lobbies.Remember that those who warned of the health dangers of smoking have been proven prescient. Not eve
14、ryone who smokes gets lung cancer or emphysema; not every exposure to second-hand smoke proves lethal. But the early warnings have been proven correct enough that smart people no longer smoke and smoking in public now has all the social acceptability of swearing in church.My point is simple. The ana
15、logy between the early warnings of the dangers of smoking and the early warning of the danger of global warming is apt. Both are following the same path of anger and denial from the people who benefit from lax regulations and co-operative governments.No, I dont believe everyone has to bike to work,
16、or turn down the thermostat to 15. But I do believe it would be sheer stupidity to ignore the warnings of global warming and the dangers inherent in using fossil fuel just because a coalition of automakers and vested interests characterize worries as needless and pathetic. It only makes sense to enc
17、ourage the development of fuel-efficient transportation and alternative fuels to oil and gas. We can move ourselves in the direction of survival, instead of acting like the dinosaurs.Consider a few generations ago, the suggestion that the use of coal was polluting the air and presenting a health dan
18、ger was greeted with hoots of derision from the coal companies, somewhat like the sounds coming out of governments dependent on oil and gas revenues and royalties. Rather than work toward replacement fuels, the coalmines and miners were just left to wither away and die. Government has a choice: be p
19、art of the problem, or part of the solution. In the end, only those who are part of the solution will survive, as the coalminers discovered.6 The author believes that those warning about the dangers of global warming_.（A）are over-hyping the situation（B） should be heeded（C） are the same people who wa
20、rned about the dangers of smoking（D）shouldnt cooperate with the government7 The word “prescient“(line 1, para. 2)most probably means “_“.（A）prophetic（B） relevant（C） antiquated（D）conscious8 According to the text, the early warnings about smoking and the early warnings about global warming were simila
21、r because_.（A）both were dismissed at first by those with vested interests（B） both ignored the underlying problem（C） both failed to receive public support（D）both were successful in the end9 The author implies that the government should_.（A）be a part of the problem（B） encourage the development of alte
22、rnative fuels（C） learn a lesson from the coal miners and react with derision（D）investigate the existence of dinosaur fossils10 Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the text?（A）Remembering Lessons Learned（B） How to Save Energy（C） In Search of Alternative Fuels（D）A Discussion of Global
23、 Warming10 When the leaders of the new economy say theyre not in it for the money, thats not just bad for business. Its bad for everyone.Some of the pioneers of the new economy are saying very strange things. These moguls of modern-day capitalism solemnly deny that they are engaged in business for t
24、he purpose of making money. Whats going on here? Adam Smith, the founding father of capitalism, presumed that people engage in commercial activity for the purpose of economic gain. Have capitalisms most successful practitioners evolved beyond such base intentions? Are we to infer that the worlds lar
25、gest wealth-creation scheme is being driven largely by nonprofit motives?Not really. New-economy tycoons still like to make money. They simply want to make clear that they are also driven by higher motives. And this trend in pursuit of higher things is spreading through the business world. A recent
26、editorial in the Red Herring posited business as an expression of the highest human capacities: “Money comes to those who do it for love.“ Such talk has become so common that we have to remind ourselves that it is a fairly recent innovation. You probably dont have the time to review the immense soci
27、ological literature on the attitudes of workers in the early and middle part of the 20th century. A single book, Studs Terkels Working, should be enough to make the point, or perhaps just a brief talk with some old guys about their work philosophy. You wont hear a lot of mush about saving the world
28、or finding nirvana in the workplace. To these people, todays rhetoric about meaning in the workplace must sound absurd.The attempt to find higher purpose and meaning in work is likely to fail. In the few cases where it does not, it will probably fall short of our expectations. Modern technological c
29、apitalism, for all its vitality and efficiency, cannot supply on its own meaning to life. This isnt just a philosophical matter. When we seek meaning in work at the expense of the institutions society has built specifically to contain meaning;the arts, our families, the church and so onwe risk a gre
30、at deal. We may not merely disappoint ourselves; we could disrupt the very prosperity the free market has provided us.11 The traditional capitalist view is that people_.（A）engage in commercial activity for the purpose of economic gain（B） are driven largely by non-profit motives（C） do the things that
31、 they do for love（D）tend to search for meaning in their lives12 The word “base“(line 5, para. 2)most probably means “_“.（A）basic（B） ignoble（C） honorable（D）strange13 Why does the author suggest that some leaders of the new economy say they are not in business for the purpose of making money?（A）Becaus
32、e they want to show that they are driven by higher motives.（B） Because they want to lower their expectations.（C） Because its bad for business.（D）Because they have evolved beyond such base intentions.14 It can be inferred from the text that work_.（A）was at its peak in the middle part of the 20th cent
33、ury（B） is the heart of American society（C） has always been a nirvana（D）is not a great place to seek meaning15 The author suggests that seeking meaning in the workplace may_.（A）disrupt important social institutions（B） damage the free market（C） kill the American economy（D）lead to nirvana15 “Fight-or-f
34、light“ behavior has long been considered the typical way we respond to stress. But psychologists at the University of California, Los Angeles say that women have more in their stress-response arsenal than just aggression or escape.According to research led by Dr. Shelley E. Taylor and Dr. Laura C. K
35、lein(now at Pennsylvania State University), females under “attack“ are less likely to fight or flee and more apt to attempt to protect their children and seek help from others, particularly other females. The researchers call this pattern of behavior “tend-and-befriend,“ and they suggest an evolutio
36、nary explanation for the difference.The UCLA scientists analyzed hundreds of biological and behavioral studies of both animals and humans. For example, they looked at research showing that crowding heightens stress among male rats but tends to calm female rats. One study found that fathers often wan
37、ted to be left alone when they got home from work. And if they had been under stress during the day, they were more likely to incite conflict in the family. Women who held jobs outside the home, however, were more likely to cope with a tough day at work by concentrating on their children.The authors
38、 believe that hormones are one reason for the difference, especially sex hormones and the pituitary hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin, which induces relaxation and lowers anxiety, is produced at a high level in nursing mothers. Its also released in response to stress by both males and femalesbut its effect
39、s are enhanced by female hormones and reduced by male hormones. In contrast, the fight-or-flight response activates the nervous system and causes the secretion of the stress hormones adrenaline and Cortisol. Both sexes release these hormones under stress, but men also release testosterone, which ten
40、ds to increase hostility and aggression.Because female aggression is less closely linked to nervous system arousal, the authors suggest, its more easily moderated by learning and culture, although they dont deny that womens social networks can also produce stress and conflict. Nor are they saying th
41、at men cannot tend and befriend under stressonly that they do so less easily and less often.Taylor and her colleagues think the tend-and-befriend response has been ignored largely because researchers studying stress have concentrated until recently only on men. The UCLA scientists are now conducting
42、 studies on oxytocin and stress.16 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 and 2 that_.（A）fight-or-flight has been believed to be the only way dealing with stress（B） women have more stress-response ways than aggression, e.g. getting away from it（C） women tend to seek comfort and help from their loved on
43、es（D）experts explanation to womens stress-response ways involves evolution17 The difference of stress-response behaviors between men and women is partially caused by（A）the nature of both sexes（B） the different social networks（C） the secretion of certain hormones（D）the connection to nervous system18
44、According to the passage, which of the following is one of the “tend-and-befriend“ behaviors?（A）Quarrel with other family members.（B） Travel alone to other countries.（C） Give a hand to other people.（D）Care about the children.19 Which of the following leads to more hostile and aggressive behaviors?（A
45、）Cortisol（B） testosterone（C） pituitary（D）cxytocin20 Which of the following is true according to the text?（A）Experts ignored the tend-and-befriend response because they didnt have a scientific explanation.（B） Mens social networks are more likely to induce stress and confrontation.（C） Men cannot tend
46、and befriend as they dont release certain kind of hormones.（D）The connection between female aggression and nervous system arousal is not that obvious.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 95 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】
47、 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第一段结尾指出：“这些青少年中，有超过三分之二的人直接用手吃午饭。”【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 属信息推断题。作者在第二段提到湿手传播病菌远比干手多是为了说明擦干手的重要性。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 属信息推断题。根据后面的信息进行对比判断，可知这句话的意思是说“奉行食品安全并不太难。”【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第四段明确指出：“尽管大部分人都知道食物中毒的起因，但多数人并没有采取简单的预防措施防患于未然。”【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 A【试题
48、解析】 属主旨思想题。本文主题句是文章开头第一句。A 项与本句意思完全一致。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。从第一至第三段作者把早期对吸烟危害的警示和早期对全球变暖危害的警示加以类比，可以看出，作者认为这些对全球变暖危害的警示应引起注意。在第四段，作者更加明确地指出：“仅仅因为汽车制造商和既得利益者的联盟把担心说成毫无必要、可悲可叹，就对全球变暖的警示置若罔闻，对使用矿物燃料固有的危害视而不见，则是十足的愚蠢。”【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属词义推断题。可以根据后续提示做出判断。后面讲到：“早期警示被证明千真万确。”因
49、此可知，prescient 应是“有先见之明 ”的意思，与 prophetic同义。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属逻辑关系题。第三段首先指出，两种警示有类似之处，后又提到，两者都受到既得利益者的否认。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属信息推断题。最后一段作者写道：“政府的选择是：要么成为问题的一部分，要么成为解决问题的一部分。”言外之意是讲，政府应鼓励发展替代燃料。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属主旨思想题。文章通过类比的方式，探讨使用替代能源的必要性，因此，“记取教训”可以作为文章题目。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 属事实细节题。第二段指出：“资本主义制度的始祖亚当斯密认为人们从事商业活动是为了经济利益。”【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 属词义推断题。传统资本主义观点认为商业活动是为了经济利益，而新经济似乎超越了这种意图，根据上下文语义对比，可以判断 base 的含义应为“卑劣的”。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 A【试
