1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 103（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 1. 新闻媒体披露，徐州某中学 1000 多名学生签名，庄严承诺“远离网吧”2分析“远离网吧 ”运动的原因3做出对比和评论Away from Net-bar Campaign二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer th
2、e questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 New Hopes for Pr
3、eventing AIDSThe success of anti-retroviral (抑止肿瘤病毒) drugs in treating HIV is getting researchers at the 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission
4、or infection from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provocative question on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides and o
5、ral-prevention drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at how smart their decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial results from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug.So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more
6、from the ARVs? “I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade will greatly expand,“ says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. “The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral-prevention drags is so great.“ Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. G
7、lobal AIDS Coordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available to protect people from infections, they would be funded under the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. “We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate
8、to do all that,“ he told TIME.Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new infections that occur each year - 4 million - from growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of i
9、nfection is highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon, but as the Gates pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a ge
10、l or cream, that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of HIV - its the same idea behind spermicides (杀精子剂), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. Its an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researcher
11、s didnt really have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they already have them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle.The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather
12、than in those infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and patients are willing to tolerate a higher level of side effects - after all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent inf
13、ection, however, everything changes; understandably, healthy people arent as likely to accept the same level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected.Thats why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and
14、 five trials in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stages of testing in women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Becaus
15、e these latest microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus becoming resistant to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they dont ma
16、intain high enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be sufficiently powerful to prevent transmission.But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trims, believes that since microbicides arent designed to enter the
17、bloodstream and suppress HIV there, resistance wont be as huge a hurdle as it is for ARVs used in treatment. “The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption,“ she says. “It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But w
18、e wont know that answer until we do the efficacy trials.“ The first of these results, from Nigeria, will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicides - whether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as p
19、art of a delayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for anywhere from 30 to 90 days - are not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesn
20、t slip by, however, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the same Way that doctors currently do to treat infected patients.On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that its sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to
21、using the microbicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up getting pregnant, and as a result, have to drop out. (The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if
22、 they choose to use them. )Even more tantalizing (让人着急的) than the microbicides is the idea of taking a pill before intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEPs = Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were bor
23、n from the success of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since ARVs given to women pre-and-post-delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two
24、compounds, Tenofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, West Africa and even the U.S. Its being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. “What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when y
25、ou are exposed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus,“ explains Dr. Peter Plot, director of UNAIDS. “Because at infection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection.“Piot, however, notes that
26、if PrEPs prove effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How will use of the drug be monitored? Could it become a “party“ drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? “Well need a lot of behavioral research, which I thi
27、nk should be initiated as soon as possible,“ he says. “Particularly when it looks like PrEP will become a reality.“ Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. “We need to be better about looking at what publ
28、ic health strategy we should use for ARVs,“ says Gayle. “There are a lot of potential pitfalls, but our commitment has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies s
29、o they are used in the safest way possible from a public health perspective.“2 ARVs havent been used widely to prevent HIV transmission or infection for lack of money.3 The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years
30、.4 Lack of prevention strategies and treatment programs makes the developing countries the largest in the number of HIV infection.5 Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects.6 According to Dr. Peter Diot, _ cou
31、ld be powerful enough to prevent HIV transmission.7 Zeda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides dont cause many side effects by reason that the body system _.8 According to Ramjee, the combination of _ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting during
32、intercourse.9 Both mother-to-child transmission and partner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for _.10 Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to _.11 Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues and _.Section ADire
33、ctions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pau
34、se, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）His research paper was really good and got high grade.（B） His research paper was refused by the professor.（C） His research paper won the professors favor.（D）His research paper was organized with useless c
35、laims.（A）He will search for an air-conditioner for his place.（B） He will find a place to fix an air-conditioner.（C） He will look for a place with air-conditioner to stay in.（D）He will have a place for air-conditioner.（A）The man will not need the tape recorder tonight.（B） The man needs to use the tap
36、e recorder this evening.（C） The woman can return the tape recorder tomorrow.（D）The woman is sorry for losing the tape recorder.（A）He suggests the woman not to finish the plan.（B） He advices the woman to search more information.（C） He tells the woman to make another plan.（D）He asks the woman to do th
37、e plan with the information they got.（A）The mans article was written terribly.（B） The mans article was completely off the point.（C） The mans article was not accepted by the general public.（D）The mans article was based on the general public.（A）He means that he didnt know the thesis proposal.（B） He me
38、ans that he hasnt have time to read the proposal.（C） He means that he will not help her read the proposal.（D）He means that shed have given it to him earlier.（A）The man also wants to get a ticket for the state ballet.（B） The man is selling the ticket for the state ballet.（C） The mans sister will go t
39、o see the state ballet.（D）The mans sister will give the ticket to the woman.（A）Go home and have a good rest.（B） Call all the people on the list today.（C） Go through ail the numbers on their list.（D）Ask people on the list to contribute.（A）How to study Italian Grammar.（B） How to enlarge her Italian vo
40、cabulary.（C） How to improve her speaking and listening in Italian.（D）How to improve her reading skills in Italian.（A）Learning to drive.（B） Driving a car.（C） Watching TV.（D）Playing a cassette recorder.（A）To practice more in using the language.（B） To go to live in the country where the language is spo
41、ken.（C） To watch more TV programs.（D）To turn to more classmates for tips on language learning.（A）Protecting buyers of paintings.（B） Why copies of famous paintings are made.（C） How paintings are sold in the United States.（D）Protecting artists from illegal use of their work.（A）The United States Copyri
42、ght Office created it.（B） It does not protect artists techniques and procedures.（C） It has not been changed since its creation.（D）It is only applied to copies of the original work.（A）After the artwork is reviewed by lawyers.（B） After all documents are filed.（C） When the artist first gets an idea.（D）
43、The moment the work of art is finished.（A）The buyer has the right to reprint it.（B） The buyer is allowed to change it.（C） The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.（D）The artist must report the sale to the authority.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the
44、 end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）The US should catch up to European environmental standards.（B） American exporters
45、must adapt to new regulations in Europe.（C） The US should be more sensitive to environmental issues.（D）The EU s new regulations are a burden.（A）Their packaging of exports have to conform to EU regulations.（B） They have to cut out waste completely.（C） They must have an experienced distributor.（D）They
46、 will see expensive rise.（A）It will allow fewer trees to be cut.（B） It will require less labor costs.（C） It saves some shipping costs.（D）It will make them more competition.（A）Factors that affect the ability to memorize.（B） The influence of childhood memories oil adulthood.（C） A proposal for future p
47、sychological research.（D）Benefits of a busy lifestyle.（A）The need to exercise the memory.（B） How the brain differs from other body tissues.（C） The unconscious learning of a physical activity.（D）How nerves control body movement.（A）Repeat it aloud,（B） Write it down.（C） Make a mental picture of it（D）Pr
48、actice recalling it.（A）A visit to a prison.（B） The influence of his father.（C） A talk with some miserable slaves.（D）His experience in the war between France and Austria.（A）He sent surgeons to serve in the army.（B） Re provided soldiers with medical supplies.（C） He recruited volunteers to care for the
49、 wounded.（D）He helped to flee the prisoners of war.（A）All men are created equal.（B） The wounded and dying should be treated for free.（C） A wounded soldier should surrender before he receives any medical treatment.（D）A suffering person should get help despite race, religion or political beliefs.（A）To honor Swiss heroes who died in the war.（B） To show Switzerland was neutral.（C） To pay tribute to Switzerland.（D）To show gratitude to the Swiss government for its financial support.Section CDir
