1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 44（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic An Exchange of Customs and Etiquettes. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1大量外宾将随 2008 奥运会涌入中国；巨大的文化差异使礼节成为
2、重要问题2我们应该主动地去了解一些其他的礼节、习俗等3同时还应向外宾展示中华传统礼节An Exchange of Customs and Etiquettes二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, ma
3、rk：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 Trust Me, Im a RobotWith robots now emerging from their industrial cages a
4、nd moving into homes and workplaces, roboticists are concerned about the safety implications beyond the factory floor. To address these concerns, leading robot experts have come together to try to find ways to prevent robots from harming people. Inspired by the Pugwash Conferencesan international gr
5、oup of. scientists, academics and activists founded in 1957 to campaign for the non-proliferation of nuclear weaponsthe new group of robo-ethicists met earlier this year in Genoa, Italy, and announced their initial findings in March at the European Robotics Symposium in Palermo, Sicily.“Security and
6、 safety are the big concerns,“ says Henrik Christensen, chairman of the European Robotics Network at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Should robots that are strong enough or heavy enough to crush people be allowed into homes? Is “system malfunction“ a justifiable defence for a
7、 robotic fighter plane that contravenes(违反 ) the Geneva Convention and mistakenly fires on innocent civilians?These questions may seem hard to understand but in the next few years they will become increasingly relevant, says Dr. Christensen. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Eu
8、ropes World Robotics Survey, in 2002 the number of domestic and service robots more than tripled, nearly surpassing their industrial counterparts. By the end of 2003 there were more than 600,000 robot vacuum cleaners and lawn mowersa figure predicted to rise to more than 4m by the end of next year.
9、Japanese industrial firms are racing to build humanoid robots to act as domestic helpers for the elderly, and South Korea has set a goal that 100% of households should have domestic robots by 2020. In light of all this, it is crucial that we start to think about safety guidelines now, says Dr. Chris
10、tensen.Stop right thereSo what exactly is being done to protect us from these mechanical menaces? “Not enough,“ says Blay Whitby. This is hardly surprising given that the field of “safety-critical computing“ is barely a decade old, he says. But things are changing, and researchers are increasingly t
11、aking an interest in trying to make robots safer. One approach, which sounds simple enough, is try to program them to avoid contact with people altogether. But this is much harder than it sounds. Getting a robot to navigate across a cluttered room is difficult enough without having to take into acco
12、unt what its various limbs or appendages might bump into along the way.Regulating the behaviour of robots is going to become more difficult in the future, since they will increasingly have self-learning mechanisms built into them, says Giamnarco Veruggio. As a result, their behaviour will become imp
13、ossible to predict fully, he says, since they will not be behaving in predefined ways but will learn new behaviour as they go.Then there is the question of unpredictable failures. What happens if a robots motors stop working, or it suffers a system failure just as it is performing heart surgery or h
14、anding you a cup of hot coffee? You can, of course, build in redundancy by adding backup systems, says Hirochika Inoue. But this guarantees nothing, he says. “One hundred per cent safety is impossible through technology,“ says Dr. Inoue. This is because ultimately no matter how thorough you are, you
15、 cannot anticipate the unpredictable nature of human behaviour, he says. Or to put it another way, no matter how sophisticated your robot is at avoiding people, people might not always manage to avoid it, and could end up tripping over it and falling down the stairs.Legal problemsIn any case, says D
16、r. Inoue, the laws really just summarize commonsense principles that are already applied to the design of most modern appliances, both domestic and industrial. Every toaster, lawn mower and mobile phone is designed to minimize the risk of causing injuryyet people still manage to electrocute(电死) them
17、selves, lose fingers or fall out of windows in an effort to get a better signal. At the very least, robots must meet the rigorous safety standards that cover existing products. The question is whether new, robot-specific rules are neededand, if so, what they should say.“Making sure robots are safe w
18、ill be critical,“ says Colin Angle of iRobot, which has sold over 2m “Roomba“ household-vacuuming robots. But he argues that his firms robots are, in fact, much safer than some popular toys. “A radio-controlled car controlled by a six-year old is far more dangerous than a Roomba,“ he says. If you tr
19、ead on a Roomba, it will not cause you to slip over; instead, a rubber pad on its base grips the floor and prevents it from moving. “Existing regulations will address much of the challenge,“ says Mr. Angle. “Im not yet convinced that robots are sufficiently different that they deserve special treatm
20、ent.“Robot safety is likely to surface in the civil courts as a matter of product liability. “When the first robot carpet-sweeper sucks up a baby, who will be to blame?“ asks John Hallam, a professor at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. If a robot is autonomous and capable of learning, c
21、an its designer be held responsible for all its actions? Today the answer to these questions is generally “yes“. But as robots grow in complexity it will become a lot less clear cut, he says.“Right now, no insurance company is prepared to insure robots,“ says Dr. Inoue. But that will have to change,
22、 he says. Last month, Japans Ministry of Trade and Industry announced a set of safety guidelines for home and office robots. They will be required to have sensors to help them avoid collisions with humans; to be made from soft and light materials to minimize harm if a collision does occur; and to ha
23、ve an emergency shut-off button. This was largely prompted by a big robot exhibition held last summer, which made the authorities realize that there are safety implications when thousands of people are not just looking at robots, but mingling with them, says Dr. Inoue.However, the idea that general-
24、purpose robots, capable of learning, will become widespread is wrong, suggests Mr. Angle. It is more likely, he believes, that robots will be relatively dumb machines designed for particular tasks. Rather than a humanoid robot maid, “its going to be a heterogeneous(不同种类的) swarm of robots that will t
25、ake care of the house,“ he says.2 This passage is mainly about the development and safety of robots.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Robots for industrial applications appeared earlier than those for domestic uses.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 In 2002 the number of industrial robots was three times over that of domestic and ser
26、vice robots.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 The South Korean government is investing billions of dollars each year on domestic robots aimed at altering everyday life.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 Researchers are getting more and more interested in making _.7 With self-learning mechanisms built in, the future robots will behave
27、 _.8 Commonsense principles are applied to the design of toasters, lawn mowers and mobile phones to _.9 Colin Angle considers robots are not so different as to _.10 According to John Hallam, who should be responsible for the harm done by robots in the future will not be so _ as it is now.11 Mr. Angl
28、e says a heterogeneous swarm of robots will take care of the house instead of _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the
29、questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）The man was the only survivor of an air crash.（B） People on board were frightened and tried to escape.（C） The m
30、an has always been very lucky in accidents.（D）A few passengers came back home safe and sound.（A）In an office.（B） In a restaurant.（C） In a department store.（D）In a factory.（A）The woman thinks the maid was beautiful.（B） The woman thinks the salesman exaggerated his part.（C） The woman thinks the salesm
31、an was realistic.（D）The woman thinks the salesman was not dramatic enough.（A）They are quite different in painting skills.（B） Neither of them is good at house-painting.（C） They are equally good at house-painting.（D）Both of them will paint the house the day after tomorrow.（A）He found it unbelievable.（
32、B） He was not surprised about it.（C） He found the troth unacceptable.（D）He was arrogant about it.（A）Lend Marsha some reference materials.（B） Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.（C） Check through the books on Marshas shelf.（D）Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.（A）Mother and son.（B） Lawyer and cli
33、ent.（C） Teacher and student.（D）Dentist and patient.（A）Professor Smith doesnt hold seminars or discussions in his lectures.（B） Students sometimes fall asleep in Professor Smiths lectures.（C） Professor Smiths lectures are always well attended.（D）The front seats are very hard to get in English lectures
34、.（A）It is getting things done through other people.（B） It is helping an organization find the right staff.（C） It is assembling people of different abilities.（D）It is communicating between colleagues.（A）They should be avoided by all means.（B） They are bad for effective management.（C） They can be good
35、 for an organization.（D）They are surprisingly complicated.（A）Delegation is a ticket to foreign trade.（B） Managers shouldnt merely be a “doer“.（C） Leadership is a born ability.（D）Delegation is the most important thing in management.（A）There are not enough efficient managers.（B） It lacks in guidelines
36、 for new employees.（C） The conference schedule should change immediately.（D）It is short of representatives for conferences.（A）Because she is on the executive staff.（B） Because she is familiar with the company.（C） Because she has knowledge of management.（D）Because she has an outstanding achievement.（
37、A）Print materials for visitors.（B） Study referential reports.（C） Ask Sally to make arrangements.（D）Apply to the chief executive.（A）Confident.（B） Shocked.（C） Nervous.（D）Reluctant.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some quest
38、ions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）As the result of the moisture in the Earths atmosphere.（B） As the result of the Earths rotation.（C） As the horizontal movement o
39、f air.（D）As the vertical movement of air.（A）Its the ultimate cause of winds.（B） It causes vertical movements of air.（C） It reduces differences in air pressure.（D）Its used to predict weather patterns.（A）How winds affect temperature.（B） Reasons for sudden increases in wind.（C） The origin of storm syst
40、ems.（D）How vertical air movement influences weather.（A）The impact of commercial whaling.（B） Why Japan and Norway continue to hunt whales.（C） The inaction of the IWC.（D）The immorality of commercial whaling.（A）It is definitely getting smaller.（B） It is nearly extinct.（C） The more they are killed, the
41、quicker they reproduce.（D）It is rebounding slightly since the ban on commercial whaling.（A）Whaling is bad.（B） Commercial whaling is immoral.（C） Whaling should be limited only for food.（D）The IWC should be replaced.（A）It changed the source of music.（B） It changed the source of TV programs.（C） It chan
42、ged the way to appreciate both music and TV programs.（D）It changed peoples opinion on traditional broadcast television.（A）On iPod you can watch all TV programs of ABC.（B） Two ABC hits are available on iPod.（C） The iPod will join digital video recorders and DVDs.（D）The iPod began to produce its own p
43、rograms.（A）To some extent its audience will decrease.（B） The programs on iPod are more attractive than those of ABC.（C） The audience will choose traditional broadcast television on iPod.（D）The audience will get bored with the wide-screen television.（A）The movie fans who are interested in ABC hits.（B
44、） The iPod users who are big movie fans at the same time.（C） Those who cant follow the regular schedule of the ABC hits.（D）Leon Long, chairman of ABC and his staff.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should liste
45、n carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can eit
46、her use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 The traditional belief that a womans place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably (36)_ in present conditions. It is said that it. is a womans task to care. for the children, but families t
47、oday (37)_ to be Small. Thus a womans whole period of (38)_ may occur within five years. Furthermore, with (39)_ education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon (40)_.It might be argued that the house-proud woman would still find plenty to do about the home. Tha
48、t may be so, but it is Certainly no longer necessary for a woman to (41)_ her whole life cooking, cleaning, mending and sewing.Apart from womens own happiness, the (42)_ of the community must be considered. Modern society cannot do well without the (43)_ that women can make in professions and other
49、kinds of work. (44)_. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense (45)_. The training, it is true, will help her in duties as a mother, but if she continued to work, her service would be more widely useful. Many factories and shops too, are largely staffed by women, many of them married. (46)_.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statemen
