1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 649（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 Directions: Far this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Overseas Study at an Early Age. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2形成这种趋势的原因3我对此的看法 二、Part II Read
2、ing Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) i
3、f the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Factors for Stress and AnxietyAt some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience stressful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechan
4、isms. In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and anxiety mainly are as follows:Risk FactorsConditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negat
5、ive physical effects include the following:An accumulation of persistent stressful situations, particularly those that a person cannot easily control (for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship).Persistent stress following a severe acute response to a stabbing event (such as an au
6、tomobile accident).Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart disease.People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors:Early nurturing: Abusive behavior towards children may cause long-term abnormalities (反常) in the hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates str
7、ess.Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits that cause them to over-respond to stressful events.Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a more or less efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin (血清
8、素) regulation that was connected with a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress. (Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.)Immune-regulated diseases: Certain diseases that are associated with immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthr
9、itis (类风湿性关节炎) may actually weaken a response to stress.The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer the duration and the more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects.Childhood FactorsChildren are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate their
10、 feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known cause, may be indicators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility to stres
11、s.Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly stressed (particularly if they were depressed) tend to be at high risk for developing stress-related problems.
12、 This may be especially true if the mothers were stressed during both the childs infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea that stress during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the infants mood and behavior. Older children with stressed mothers may become aggressive and an
13、ti-social. Another study suggested that stress-reduction techniques in parents may improve their childrens behavior.Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source and effects may differ. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more lik
14、ely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress.Work and StressIn a study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were 147% higher in workers who were stressed or depressed tha
15、n in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40% of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health hazard.Several studies are now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smoking or
16、not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassment or even violence while on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and circul
17、ation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi.Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to stress reduction, put intense pressure on individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there are nume
18、rous effective management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one study, at the end of 2 years, a company that instituted a stress management program saved nearly $150,000 in worker
19、s compensations costs (the cost of the program was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace stress-management programs. In one of the studies, workers with hypertension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief (16-hour) program that hel
20、ped them manage stress behaviorally.In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programs, and it is usually up to the employees to find their own ways to reduce stress. Here are some suggestions:Seek out someone in the Human Resources department or a sympathetic manager and communica
21、te concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that productivity can be improved if some of the pressure is off.Establish or reinforce a network of friends at work and at home.Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary
22、 tasks.Learn to focus on positive outcomes.If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career change. Send out resumes or work on getting a transfer within the company.If this isnt possible, be sure to schedule daily pleasant activities and physical exercise during free time.It may be helpful to k
23、eep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish companies, those who worked in a bureaucracy had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social supports.Care
24、givingStudies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality rates were over 60% higher in caregivers who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly vulnerable to
25、 a range of stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor disabilities can induce severe stress.Intervention programs that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation positively can red
26、uce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 program also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reducing stress and improving sleep in caregivers.Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. One study, for exa
27、mple, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines, both physically and emotionally.Anxiety DisordersPeople who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to experience specific ev
28、ents as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as treating the event as a catastrophe. Nevertheless, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disorder did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress (heart rate, blood pressure, re
29、lease of stress hormones) compared to people without anxiety.Lacking a Social NetworkThe lack of an established network of family and friends predisposes (使预先有倾向) one to stress disorders and stress-related health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile, reported that old
30、er people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing situations, such as low-income or lower-social class. Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to discuss negative feel
31、ings as a means to relieve their stress.Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very good networks of social support. One study indicated that support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a stressful event. M
32、any studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure. 2 Stress is most likely to rise from conditions in which _.（A）two persons with different characteristics work together（B） a person always recalls past painful ex
33、perience（C） a person has just get over a serious physical disease（D）parents abuse their children too much in early nurturing3 Immune-regulated diseases are related to stress because such diseases _.（A）tend to produce a stress-related chemical（B） will affect a persons character severely（C） will make
34、people weak in body and soul（D）tend to undermine the response to stress4 We can consider our children under stress when they _.（A）are unable to communicate their feelings accurately（B） have trouble communicating their responses to events（C） often feel abdominal pain without a known reason（D）have a p
35、oor and overcrowded family5 Stress is likely to strike teenaged girls when they _.（A）have an aggressive and anti-social mother（B） fail to build a sound relationship with pals（C） get into a new school environment（D）fail to pass an important school test6 Which one is the most serious effect of chronic
36、 work stress according to the passage?（A）Harassment.（B） Violence.（C） Heart burden.（D）Karoushi.7 The 2-year-long study is presented in the passage mainly to show that stress management programs _.（A）cost little（B） cost much（C） benefit the employers（D）benefit the employees8 What does the author sugges
37、t doing when we cant endure a job?（A）Changing to a new institute.（B） Asking senior colleagues for help.（C） Founding a sound social network.（D）Focusing more on positive outcomes.9 Caregivers of disabled family members are reported to undergo a mortality rate of _.10 According to the program in 2002,
38、caregivers were expected to reduce stress by _.11 Older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children have less stress because they have someone to _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversati
39、on, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）Its an unwise decisi
40、on.（B） Individual projects are much better.（C） The decision will definitely be rejected.（D）Many people try to lose weight nowadays.（A）He has decided how hes going to spend the prize money.（B） He doesnt know how much his rent is going to increase.（C） Hes already planning to enter next years essay con
41、test.（D）He has already paid his landlord for next years rent.（A）He is bored with the tour.（B） He is facing financial crisis.（C） He must attend a meeting on Monday.（D）He dislikes meeting people on Monday.（A）He thinks the book should include more information.（B） He doesnt think it necessary to provide
42、 the answers.（C） The answers will be added in a later edition.（D）The book does include the answers.（A）Ask her boss to raise her pay.（B） Look for a more suitable job.（C） Try to switch hours with someone else.（D）Do the extra work without complaining.（A）She lost a finger.（B） Someone hit her in the nose
43、.（C） She became a surgical nurse.（D）She had an operation on her nose.（A）Attending the party.（B） Visiting some friends.（C） Studying for an exam.（D）Writing a letter of apology.（A）Ask Dr. Smith to call the library.（B） Ask Dr. Smith to alter his decision.（C） Get Dr. Smiths written permission.（D）Get the
44、book directly from Dr. Smith.20 What do we learn about the man from the conversation?（A）He wants to sign a long-term contract.（B） He is good at both language and literature.（C） He prefers teaching to administrative work.（D）He is undecided as to which job to go for.21 What do we learn about the stude
45、nts at the Polytechnic?（A）They hate exams.（B） They all plan to study in Cambridge.（C） They are all adults.（D）They are going to work in companies.22 What does the woman think of the job at the Language school?（A）Difficult but rewarding.（B） Varied and interesting.（C） Time-consuming and tiring.（D）Deman
46、ding and frustrating.（A）The building with log shape.（B） The traditional log cabin.（C） The senior homes with logs.（D）The blocking beams and walls.（A）In the river valley of European.（B） Along the Delaware river valley.（C） Along the mountain of America.（D）In a European county.（A）The shape of log homes
47、was suitable for them.（B） They had easy access to logs in that area.（C） They wanted to change the European traditions.（D）The way of building the log house was easy. （A）Look at the slides of the modern log houses.（B） See some pictures of the mountain retreats.（C） Listen to the presentation of the New
48、 Yorkers.（D）Take a trip to the Delaware river valley.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
49、 from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）Direct the driver.（B） Look ahead to see where theres a turn.（C） Move to the back seat if feeling uncomfortable.（D）Keep looking at the map to find a place to go to.（A）To get information when in danger.（B） To be saved in case of an accident.（C） To share the fun with them in exploration.（D）To tell them whats going on with the group members. （A）They can make people work fast.（B） They can help people stay healthy.（C） They can help people organize other activiti
