1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 74（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Information in the Modern Society. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1现代社会中信息的获得越来越重要2我获得信息的主要渠道(如：图书馆、报纸、电视、电台、网络等)3我是如何利用
2、信息的(和别人交流，用于学习小等)Information in the Modern Society二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the stateme
3、nt agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 The Science of Lasting HappinessThe day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyo
4、ta Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news: she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an experience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the
5、40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is “totally loving the Prius.“ But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a naturally happy person even more so?The Possibility of Lasting Happines
6、sAn experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new caror on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic
7、example of such “hedonic adaptation“(享乐适应) comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who a year after their windfall(意外横财)ended up no happier than nonwinners. Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in major life circumstancessuch as income, marriage, physical health and where we liv
8、edo so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each persons happiness is determined from birth. This “genetic set point“ alone makes the happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems do
9、omed to fall back to near your baseline. “Theres been a tension in the field,“ explains Lyubomirskys main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. “Some people were assuming you can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there wa
10、s all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down.“The Happiness PieLyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines ha
11、ppiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of peoples differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent? “Because nobody had put it together before, thats unexplained,“ Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that w
12、hen you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be “intentional activity,“ mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptations downward pull.Lyubomirsky has been studying these activities in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point.
13、 In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was “a huge vacuum of research on how to increase happiness,“ she says. The lottery study in particular “made people shy away from
14、interventions,“ explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized(细察) happiness at all, it was mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came firstthe happines
15、s or what it is linked tolet alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether friends make us happier or whether happy people are simply likelier to seek and attract f
16、riends.Lyubomirskys ResearchLyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ross, who told her about a remarkably happy friend who had lost both parents to the Holocaust(大屠杀). Ross explains
17、it this way: “For this person, the meaning of the Holocaust was that it was inappropriate to be unhappy about trivial thingsand that one should strive to find joy in life and human relationships.“ Psychologists have long known that different people can see and think about the same events in differen
18、t ways, but they had done little research on how these interpretations affect well-being.So Lyubomirsky had to lay some groundwork before she could go into the lab. Back then, happiness was “a fuzzy, unscientific topic,“ she says, and although no instrument yet exists for giving perfectly valid, rel
19、iable and precise readings of someones happiness from session to session, Lyubomirsky has brought scientific strictness to the emerging field. From her firm belief that it is each persons self-reported happiness that matters, she developed a four-question Subjective Happiness Scale. Lyubomirskys wor
20、king definition of happiness“a joyful, contented life“gets at both the feelings and judgments necessary for overall happiness. To this day, she rarely sees her studies participants; they do most exercises out in the real world and answer detailed questionnaires on the computer, often from home. To a
21、ssess subjects efforts and honesty, she uses several cross-checks, such as timing them as they complete the questionnaires.The research needed to answer questions about lasting happiness is costly, because studies need to follow a sizable group of people over a long time. Two and a half years ago Ly
22、ubomirsky and Sheldon received a five year, $1-million grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to do just that. Investigators have no shortage of possible strategies to test, with happiness advice coming “from the Buddha to Tony Robbins,“ as Seligman puts it. So Lyubomirsky started with t
23、hree promising strategies: kindness, gratitude and optimismall of which past research had linked with happiness.Her aim is not merely to confirm the strategies effectiveness but to gain insights into how happiness works. For example, conventional wisdom suggests keeping a daily gratitude journal. Bu
24、t one study revealed that those who had been assigned to do that ended up less happy than those who had to count their blessings only once a week. Lyubomirsky therefore confirmed her hunch(预感) that timing is important. So is variety, it turned out: a kindness intervention found that participants tol
25、d to vary their good deeds ended up happier than those forced into a kindness rut. Lyubomirsky is also asking about mediators: Why, for example, does acting kind make you happier? “Im a basic researcher, not an applied researcher; so Im interested not so much in the strategies but in how they work a
26、nd what goes on behind the scenes,“ she explains.Initial results with the interventions have been promising, but sustaining them is tough. Months after a study is over, the people who have stopped the exercises show a drop in happiness. Like a drug or a diet, the exercises work only if you stick wit
27、h them. Instilling habits is crucial. Another key, “fit,“ or how well the exercise matches the person. If sitting down to imagine your best possible self (an optimism exercise) feels contrived, you will be less likely to do it. The biggest factor may be getting over the idea that happiness is fixeda
28、nd realizing that sustained effort can boost it. “A lot of people dont apply the notion of effort to their emotional lives,“ Lyubomirsky declares, “but the effort it takes is enormous.“2 Sonja Lyubomirsky bought the car just because she wanted to own a Prius.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Hedonic adaptation means
29、 people always return to their usual level of happiness after the temporary satisfaction.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Those people who have set up correct goals will always be happy.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 In the happiness pie chart, error factors account for 10 percent.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 Before Lyubomirsky carried out
30、her own research, scientists investigated happiness mainly through _.7 Because little research had been done on the explanation of happiness, before going into the lab, Lyubomirsky had done some _.8 Lyubomirsky designed a Subjective Happiness Scale because she believed it was each persons _ that can
31、 faithfully record their own happiness.9 A large sum of money must be spent on Lyubomirskys research because it needs to trace a lot of people _.10 The example of keeping a daily gratitude journal shows that _ is very important.11 Exercises in gratitude, kindness and optimism can make people happier
32、but only if they keep doing them and these exercises _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken
33、only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）The mother and the son.（B） The customer and the waiter.（C） The teacher and the student.（D）The doctor and the patient.（A）He has edited th
34、ree books.（B） He has brought the wrong book.（C） He has lost half of his money.（D）He has found the book that will be used.（A）He would like to go shopping with Nick.（B） He has to finish an article today.（C） He is asked to take photos of Steve.（D）He supplies some photos information to Steve.（A）She is g
35、oing to a different concert.（B） She doesnt like the park.（C） She isnt interested in the concert.（D）She prefers attending concerts to writing paper.（A）The man is a lazy and useless people.（B） There are a lot of things to do now.（C） The man will be busy a few days later.（D）She isnt satisfied with the
36、mans working.（A）The man watched the movie last night.（B） The man missed reading the paper of yesterday.（C） The man wasnt interested in the TV program.（D）The man went shopping with Meg yesterday.（A）He has been tired of doing the same things everyday.（B） He is in a bad mood for some special reasons.（C
37、） He doesnt want to go office today.（D）He is watching the television all day.（A）The state pays the students for their education fees.（B） They have to be supported by their parents to finish education.（C） They can get enough grants from the state easily.（D）They need to pay for their education on them
38、selves.（A）Because he dozes off in class so his notes are poor.（B） Because his vision is getting worse.（C） Because he has missed a couple of classes.（D）Because he is a very lazy student.（A）He should take more classes.（B） He should get some rest.（C） They should study together.（D）He should go to the ca
39、feteria with her.（A）They are inspiring.（B） They are humorous.（C） They are dull.（D）They are wonderful.（A）She went sailing with the man.（B） She waited long to get a signature.（C） She applied for a new-open lesson.（D）She learned in a long distance.（A）Child caring.（B） Education.（C） Computering.（D）Psycho
40、logy.（A）Its a new thing and people would like to try it out.（B） They have less time to attend traditional classes.（C） It would save a lot of money for the students.（D）Televised lessons are much easier to understand.（A）The students will never meet their professor.（B） Therere no assignments or exams f
41、or the course.（C） Contact by telephone is essential in the course.（D）The televised lesson is showed only once.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. A
42、fter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）The total growth rate of world population will increase.（B） The growth rate of population in richer countries will increase.（C） The growth rate of population in poor countries will increase.（D）The
43、 total growth rate in American countries will increase.（A）Because the people there need more labor to support the family.（B） Because the people there have the habit to have a big family.（C） Because the people there are, poorer.（D）Because the people there want to be rich.（A）The people there have a se
44、cure future.（B） The people there have a glorious past.（C） The government carries out a family plan.（D）The government controls the growth rate.（A）The tax that one pays to the companies instead of government.（B） The tax that one pays through the shopkeeper for the goods.（C） The tax is paid as part of
45、the price of the goods.（D）The tax is not paid to the government.（A）Because they arent sure how much they should pay.（B） Because the taxes have been spent without their knowing.（C） Because they dont understand the taxes are invested on public services.（D）Because the taxes are not always reasonable.（A
46、）People have to pay taxes to the government.（B） We have to pay tax on some goods for amusement.（C） The State needs money for normal running.（D）All goods have to be taxed.（A）To determine whether the Earths temperature is going up.（B） To study the behavior of some sea animals.（C） To measure the depths
47、 of the ocean.（D）To measure the movement of the ocean.（A）Because of the loudness of the sound waves.（B） Because of the fear of sea animals.（C） Because of the fear of the confusion and harm caused by sound waves.（D）Because of the noise of the experiment.（A）To attract more sea animals to the testing s
48、ite.（B） To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.（C） To help track the sea animals being tested.（D）To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.（A）They were frightened and distressed.（B） They swam away when the speaker was turned on.（C） They swam closer to “examine“ the
49、speaker when it was turned off.（D）They didnt seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill
