1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 794（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 College Reading Room Phenomenon 1描述图表中的两个循环(cycle)所反映的问题 2分析引起该变化的原因 3你的结论 (Sept: new term starts, Jan: vacation, June: exams, July: vacation)二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have
2、15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the inf
3、ormation is not given in the passage.1 Some Notes on Gender-Neutral LanguageGeneralThe practice of assigning masculine gender to neutral terms comes from the fact that every language reflects the prejudices of the society in which it evolved, and English evolved through most of its history in a male
4、-centered, patriarchal society. Like any other language, however, English is always changing. One only has to read aloud sentences from the 19th century hooks assigned for this class to sense the shifts that have occurred in the last 150 years. When readers pick up something to read, they expect dif
5、ferent conventions depending on the time in which the material was written. As writers in 1995, we need to be not only aware of the conventions that our readers may expect, but also conscious of the responses our words may elicit. In addition, we need to know how the shifting nature of language can
6、make certain words awkward or misleading.“Man“Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans, but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refers to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer to all people. One example of this occurs when an Anglo-Saxon wr
7、iter refers to a seventh-century English princess as “a wonderful man“. Man paralleled the Latin word homo, “a member of the human species.“ not vir, “an adult male of the species.“ The Old English word for adult male was waepman and the old English word for adult woman was wifman. In the course of
8、time, wifman evolved into the word “woman.“ “Man“ eventually ceased to be used to refer to individual women and replaced waepman as a specific term distinguishing an adult male from an adult female. But man continued to be used in generalizations about both sexes.By the 18th century, the modern, nar
9、row sense of man was firmly established as the predominant one. When Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, used men in the old, inclusive way, he took pains to spell out his meaning: “Such a deplorable havoc is made in the minds of men (both sexes) in France.“ Thomas Jefferson did not make
10、 the same distinction in declaring that “all men are created equal“ and “governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.“ In a time when women, having no vote, could neither give nor withhold consent, Jefferson had to be using the word men in its pr
11、incipal sense of “males,“ and it probably never occurred to him that anyone would think otherwise. Looking at modern dictionaries indicate that the definition that links “man with males is the predominant one. Studies of college students and school children indicate that even when the broad definiti
12、ons of “msn“ and “men“ are taught, they tend to conjure up images of male people only. We would never use the sentence “A girl grows up to be a man,“ because we assume the narrower definition of the word man.The Pronoun ProblemThe first grammars of modern English were written in the 16th and 17th ce
13、nturies. They were mainly intended to help boys from upper class families prepare for the study of Latin, a language most scholars considered superior to English. The male authors of these earliest English grammars wrote for male readers in an age when few women were literate. The masculine-gender p
14、ronouns(代词) did not reflect a belief that masculine pronouns could refer to both sexes. The grammars of this period contain no indication that masculine pronouns were sex-inclusive when used in general references. Instead these pronouns reflected the reality of male cultural dominance and the male-c
15、entered world view that resulted.“He“ started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who were trying to change a long-established tradition of using “they“ as a singular pronoun. In 1850 an Act of Parliament gave official sanction(批准)to the recently invented concept of the “generic“ he. In t
16、he language used in acts of Parliament, the new law said, “words importing the masculine gender shall be deemed and taken to include females.“ Although similar language in contracts and other legal documents subsequently helped reinforce this grammatical edict in all English-speaking countries, it w
17、as often conveniently ignored. In 1879, for example, a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked on the grounds that the societys by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he.Just as “man“ is not truly generic in the 1990s, “he“ is not
18、 a true generic pronoun. Studies have confirmed that most people understand “he“ to refer to men only. Sentences like “A doctor is a busy person; he must be able to balance a million obligations at once“ imply that all doctors are men. As a result of the fact that “he“ is read by many as a masculine
19、 pronoun, many people, especially women, have come to feel that the generic pronouns excludes women. This means that more and more people find the use of such a pronoun problematic. Solving the Pronoun ProblemThey as a Singular -Most people, when writing and speaking informally, rely on singular the
20、y as a matter of course: “If you love someone, set them free“ (Sting). If you pay attention to your own speech, youll probably catch yourself using the same construction yourself. “Its enough to drive anyone out of their senses“ (George Bernard Shaw). “I shouldnt like to punish anyone, even ii theyd
21、 done me wrong“ (George Eliot). Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solution necessitates, but this construction is used more and more frequently.He or She-Despite the charge of clumsiness, double-pronoun constructions have made a comeback: “To be black in this country is simp
22、ly too pervasive an experience for any writer to omit from her or his work,“ wrote Samuel R. Delany. Overuse of this solution can be awkward, however.Pluralizing-A writer can often recast material in the plural. For instance, instead of “As he advances in his program, the medical student has increas
23、ing opportunities for clinical work,“ try “As they advance in their program, medical students have increasing opportunities for clinical work“Eliminating Pronouns-Avoid having to use pronouns at all; instead of “a first grader can feed and dress himself,“ you could write, “a first grader can eat fin
24、d get dressed without assistance.“Further Alternatives-he she or s/he, using one instead of he, or using a new generic pronoun (thon, co, E, try, hash, hit).2 “Man“ could be used to refer to female human being in the past. （A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 In “all men are created equal“ in Declaration of Independenc
25、e by Thomas Jefferson, the word “men“ refer to both males and females whether they have vote right or not. （A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 In 1879, Massachusetts Medical Society refused to admit more than ten female physicians because the societys by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he. （A）Y（B） N（C） NG5
26、 The first grammars of modern English were written in order to help boys from the upper class prepare for the study of Latin. （A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 “Man“ paralleled the Latin word “homo“ which means _. 7 Studies show that even when students are taught the broad definition of “man“ and “men“, they think o
27、f _. 8 Grammarians started to use “he“ as a generic pronoun because they were trying to change a tradition of using “they“ as _. 9 When most people read the word “he“, they would understand it to rater to _. 10 Although some people are annoyed by _ of singular they, this construction is used more an
28、d more frequently to solve the pronoun problem. 11 Another way of solving the pronoun problem is to use _ instead of the singular. Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
29、about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）In a railroad station.（B） At a bus terminal.（C） In a restaur
30、ant.（D）In a hotel room.（A）Tom will certainly come to repair the stereo.（B） Tom cannot repair the stereo.（C） Tom doesnt keep his word.（D）Tom is very trustworthy.（A）She agreed.（B） She disagreed.（C） She was impatient.（D）She was worried.（A）This morning.（B） This evening.（C） Friday morning.（D）Friday eveni
31、ng.（A）He should wait till the day after tomorrow.（B） He should buy a better suit.（C） He should wait after a job interview.（D）He should buy when it becomes unfashionable.（A）He wouldnt see the play as often as she had.（B） He likes the play better than she does.（C） It is greater to see a shorter play.（
32、D）It is worthwhile to see the play over five times.（A）Mr. Smith is very kind.（B） The man should not worry.（C） She is worded.（D）She likes Mr. Smith.（A）The apples and pears might not be so good.（B） The apples are not as good as the pears.（C） The apples and pears are very good.（D）The apples and pears a
33、re as good as they look.（A）Chemistry.（B） Architecture.（C） Mathematics.（D）Biology.（A）They should quit their entertainment like golf. TV.（B） They should decline things.（C） They should save time at work.（D）They should spend all their weekend with their kids.（A）They need to listen to their kids with gre
34、at interest and attention.（B） They should tell whether its their kids mistake.（C） They should exchange all their life stories with the kids.（D）They should give reward to their kids often.（A）Know the limit of your temper.（B） Tell them dont do the same things again.（C） Give them reward to behave well.
35、（D）Pretend to be unaware of what happened.（A）Because their children will take it for granted.（B） Because the other family members will think it unfair.（C） Because their children cannot manage their budgets well.（D）Because their children can tell the value of their award.Section BDirections: In this
36、section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）There is an office furniture show.（
37、B） There is a painting exhibition.（C） There is a modern art contest.（D）There is an off- season sale. （A）Quite impressive.（B） Rather meaningless.（C） Absolutely childish.（D）Extremely funny. （A）His painting is a mess.（B） His painting does not belong to art.（C） He feels terrible while painting his pictu
38、re.（D）Georges mother has made the same comment. （A）Food processing.（B） Environmental protection.（C） Shopping habits.（D）Overpackaging problems.（A）They help people save time on housework.（B） They go into the garbage heap.（C） They are harmful to the environment.（D）They make products more expensive.（A）T
39、ake their own bags to the grocery store.（B） Buy things that are overpackaged.（C） Do not buy cloth towels.（D）Do not throw away their cloth napkins.（A）Food is no longer a basic need for us, while it was for primitive people.（B） We eat a wide variety of food.（C） We no longer eat fruit that primitive pe
40、ople ever ate.（D）We eat more food than primitive people do.（A）It is needed to adjust the temperature of our bodies.（B） It is our second need.（C） We need it to cover our bodies.（D）Weather is changing all the time.（A）The climate.（B） Ones social position.（C） The materials available.（D）Family size.（A）Hu
41、man Basic Needs.（B） Material Comfort.（C） Food: Human Basic Need.（D）Basic Necessities of Life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the seco
42、nd time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 35 The so
43、cial effects of job-sharing are likely to be beneficial, since it attempts to match work opportunities to a wider variety of lifestyles. The 【B1】_ of one full-time and one part-time spouse might become much more common：which was the husband and which was the wife would 【B2】_ according to taste，time
44、of life and career requirements. What exactly is job-sharing? The Equal Opportunities Commission 【B3】_ it as“a form of part-time employment where two people 【B4】_ share the responsibility of one full-time position. ”Salary and benefits are 【B5】_ between the two sharers. Each persons terms and condit
45、ions of employment are the same as those of a full-timer. If each works at least 15 hours a week, then they enjoy certain 【B6】 _ rights that ordinary part-time workers do not have. Part-timers usually earn less per hour than a full-timer, and have fewer benefits and less job 【B7 】_ . They have virtu
46、ally no career prospects. Employers often think that working part-time 【B8 】_ that a person has no ambitions and so offer no chance of promotion. 【B9 】_ and that does not mean just married women. As Adrienne Broyle of“New Ways to Work”formerly the London Job-sharing Project points out：“ 【B10 】_ ”. “
47、A growing number of men want to job-share so that they can play an active role in bringing up their children. It allows people to study at home in their free time， 【B11】_ . Job-sharing is also an ideal way for people to ease into retirement”. 35 【B1 】36 【B2 】37 【B3 】38 【B4 】39 【B5 】40 【B6 】41 【B7 】4
48、2 【B8 】43 【B9 】44 【B10 】45 【B11 】Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice
49、in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.45 Architecture is art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The practice of architecture emphasizes【C1 】_ relationships, orientation, the support of activities to be carried out within
