1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 83（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Study under a Work-Study Program. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1在大学校园中，有的大学生是因为生活困难而勤工俭学，有的大学生是为锻炼实际能力2作为一名在校大学生，你如何看待
2、勤工俭学问题Study under a Work-Study Program二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees wi
3、th the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 New Hopes for Preventing AIDSThe success of anti-retroviral(抑止肿瘤病毒) drugs in treating HIV is getting researchers at
4、 the 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent(效力大的 ) medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission or infection from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provocati
5、ve question on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides(杀菌剂) and oral prevention drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at
6、how smart their decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial result% from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug.So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more from the ARVs? “I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decad
7、e will greatly expand,“ says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. “The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral prevention drugs is so great.“ Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available
8、to protect people from infections, they would be funded under the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. “We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate to do all that,“ he told TIME.Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new i
9、nfections that occur each year4 millionfrom growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon, but a
10、s the Gates pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a gel or cream, that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of HIVi
11、ts the same idea behind spermicides(杀精子剂), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. Its an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researchers didnt really have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they already hav
12、e them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle.The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather than in those infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and patients are w
13、illing to tolerate a higher level of side effectsafter all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent infection, however, everything changes; understandably, healthy people arent as likely to accept the sam
14、e level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected.Thats why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and five trials in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stages of testing in
15、 women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Because these latest microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus becoming resista
16、nt to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they dont maintain high enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be sufficiently powerful
17、to prevent transmission.But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trials, believes that since microbicides arent designed to enter the blood-stream and suppress HIV there, resistance wont be as huge a hurdle as it is for ARVs used in t
18、reatment. “The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption,“ she says. “It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But we wont know that answer until we do the efficacy trials. The first of these results, from Nigeria,
19、will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicideswhether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as part of a delayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for anywhere from 30 t
20、o 90 daysare not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesnt slip by, however, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the same way that doctors cu
21、rrently do to treat infected patients.On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that its sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to using the microbicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up getting pregnant, and a
22、s a result, have to drop out.(The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if they choose to use them.)Even more tantalizing(让人着急的) than the microbicides is the idea of taking a pill b
23、efore intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEPs=Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were born from the success of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since ARVs given to women preand post-
24、delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two compounds, Tenofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, West Africa and even the U.S. Its
25、being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. “What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when you are exposed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus,“ explains Dr. Peter Piot, director of UNAIDS. “Because at inf
26、ection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection.“Piot, however, notes that if PrEPs prove effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How will use of the drug be monitor
27、ed? Could it become a “party“ drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? “Well need a lot of behavioral research, which I think should be initiated as soon as possible,“ he says. “Particularly when it looks like PrEP will become a reality
28、.“ Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. “We need to be better about looking at what public health strategy we should use for ARVs“, says Gayle. “There are a lot of potential pitfalls, but our commitmen
29、t has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies so they are used in the safest way possible from a public health perspective.“2 ARVs havent been used widely to pr
30、event HIV transmission or infection for lack of money.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Lack of prevention strategies and treatment programs makes the developing countr
31、ies the largest in the number of HIV infection.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 According to Dr. Peter Diot, _ could be powerful enough to prevent HIV transmission.7 Z
32、eda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides dont cause many side effects by reason that the body system _.8 According to Ramjee, the combination of _ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting during intercourse.9 Both mother-to-child transmission and p
33、artner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for _.10 Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to _.11 Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues and _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conver
34、sations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and
35、 D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）They both graduated from art schools.（B） They majored in different areas of art.（C） They are equally competent for the job.（D）They are both willing to draw the posters.（A）Shes not sure if she really wants to go.（B） Shes busy with training for her new job.（C
36、） Shes running a training class for the company,（D）Shes not sure if her boss would allow her to go.（A）He loves his present job.（B） He is going to open a store.（C） He is about to retire.（D）He works in a repair shop.（A）He is puzzled by his grades.（B） He is unclear about his lectures,（C） He is confused
37、 by his presentation.（D）He does not know whose course to choose next term.（A）She plans to apply for a part-time job.（B） Shes too busy to run for class president.（C） She wants the man to help her with her studies.（D）She hasnt considered running for class president.（A）He is sure they will succeed in t
38、he next test.（B） He did no better than the woman in the test.（C） He believes she will pass the test this time.（D）He felt upset because of her failure.（A）The airport is closed due to bad weather.（B） The flight is following its regular schedule.（C） The plane will return to its point of departure.（D）An
39、 earlier closure affected the airports schedule.（A）The game has been canceled.（B） Their team played very badly.（C） Football is her favorite pastime.（D）Shes never watched a better game.（A）She thought it was a waste of money.（B） She was amazed that it had been finished in such a short time.（C） She was
40、 impressed by it.（D）She didnt like it as much as the other wings,（A）He worked there as a guide.（B） He read about it.（C） He had just visited it.（D）He interviewed the sculptor.（A）It was made of aluminum,（B） It wasnt large enough.（C） It wouldnt move in the wind.（D）It was too heavy to put up.（A）The colo
41、rs of clothing.（B） The individual taste on clothing.（C） The idea of psychology of clothing.（D）The clothing fashion.（A）It is a subconscious thing.（B） It reflects a lack of self-consciousness.（C） It is unnecessary indeed.（D）It is a kind of conscious act.（A）He has a feeling of insecurity.（B） He is miss
42、ing his family.（C） He lacks self-confidence.（D）He feels iii.（A）Warmer clothes.（B） More aggressive clothes.（C） Brighter colors of clothes.（D）More casual clothes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the pas
43、sage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）They made them by knives.（B） They found adequate stones.（C） They used bones of animals.（D）They made tools by hitting stone against stone,（A）Becaus
44、e it was one of the first tools.（B） Because it developed human capacities.（C） Because it led to the invention ol machines.（D）Because it was crucial to the development of mankind.（A）It becomes bigger.（B） It becomes more expensive.（C） It becomes cheaper.（D）It becomes much safer.（A）They will find out w
45、hat its people like.（B） They will know how to live in another way.（C） They will know the country and its people better.（D）They will like its inhabitants and their language.（A）It is second-hand information and useless.（B） It is gathered from other sources rather than from its inhabitants.（C） It is fr
46、om the arguments about the country.（D）It is different from what one had before the travel.（A）Differences between peoples will gradually disappear.（B） The tourism industry will become flourishing.（C） The world will become more and more interesting（D）People in different countries will still keep their
47、 own customs.（A）From Europe to China.（B） From Ethiopia to Europe.（C） From China to Ethiopia.（D）From Byzantium to China.（A）Sort the mail.（B） Answer the mail.（C） Read the magazines.（D）File important information:（A）Pay the bills right away.（B） Read the magazines very quickly.（C） Sort the articles into
48、categories for later reference.（D）Stop buying magazines which you dont have time to read.（A）At least once a month.（B） At least twice a month.（C） At least once a year.（D）At least twice a year.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the f
49、irst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Natural resources provide a livin
