1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 146（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the relationship between Internet and study. You should give sound argu
2、ments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section A（A）There will be a discount during Christmas season.（B） She cant give the man a lower price.（C） She will call the manager for a special offer.（D）The watch doesnt seem to suit the man well.（A）The man is trave
3、lling alone by himself.（B） The woman is having a fight with her fiance.（C） The man will give the woman his seat.（D）They are taking the trip by train.（A）There is some problem with the womans phone.（B） They have the same tastes in music.（C） The man loves songs of handsome male singers.（D）The woman doe
4、snt want to change the tune.（A）They should focus more on the sight rather than buying gifts.（B） They have just passed a tourists service center.（C） There might be a post office at the tourists service center.（D）The tourists service center will have some good souvenirs.（A）The woman cant find her purs
5、e.（B） The man is in need of some tissue.（C） The womans friend stole her purse.（D）The woman is careless and forgetful.（A）They can have a talk before the planes departure.（B） His arrival time wont be suitable for the meeting.（C） He will deal with the emergency during his trip.（D）His flight has been de
6、layed to almost midnight.（A）The man will have a chance to listen to Prof. Holts lectures.（B） French literature is a boring and difficult course.（C） Prof. Ferns lecture is also worth attending.（D）Prof. Holt and Prof. Ferns are going to get married.（A）Clean up the mess himself.（B） Put a sign of “Slipp
7、ery Floor“.（C） Stay and warn people passing by.（D）Call some people to do the cleaning.（A）Australia.（B） America.（C） Britain.（D）Austria.（A）He will give up his right in voting.（B） He will vote randomly.（C） He is forced to pick one party.（D）He must take politics seriously.（A）When they are in a hurry.（B）
8、 When they are forced to vote.（C） When they dislike all the parties.（D）When they dont want to waste their votes.（A）In the basement.（B） On the ground floor.（C） On upper floors.（D）In the penthouse.（A）In 236 BC.（B） In the Middle Ages.（C） In the Agriculture Age.（D）In the Industrial Revolution.（A）Wind.（B
9、） Gas.（C） Steam power.（D）Solar power.（A）The U.S.A.（B） Italy.（C） China.（D）Russia.Section B（A）Humans social structure is the most complicated.（B） Humans are able to cooperate with each other.（C） Prediction is the key to humans survival.（D）Humans are sensitive and motivated.（A）In boiling hot water.（B）
10、In slightly hot water.（C） In room temperature water.（D）In icy cold water.（A）When they see the steam and ice in the tank.（B） When they see the actors filling the containers.（C） When they see the actors putting hands into the iced water.（D）When they see the actors hands out of the water.（A）It has the
11、highest water cleanliness standard in Europe.（B） It has the best natural swimming pools in Europe.（C） It has the best purification specialists in Europe.（D）It has the cleanest rivers in Europe.（A）Whether the water is clean enough.（B） If it can be used in all types of weather.（C） If it will lead to l
12、ess visitors.（D）Whether the river traffic will be affected.（A）To separate the changing rooms from the pool.（B） To provide a path to the swimming area.（C） To make the pool shallow enough for children.（D）To protect people from waves caused by river traffic.（A）German environment agencies.（B） The city o
13、f London.（C） State government.（D）Public donation.（A）He is now the chief creative officer at Blizzard Entertainment.（B） He favors the idea of having e-sports added to the Olympic Games.（C） He gives a new and broader definition to the word “sport“.（D）He organizes the major final held in Seoul, South K
14、orea.（A）They make very quick decisions.（B） They have teamwork spirits.（C） They are physically fit.（D）They are highly ambitious.（A）Video games may lead to addiction.（B） E-sports dont have a large audience.（C） The influence of e-sports is not big enough.（D）The number of Olympic sports is limited.Secti
15、on C26 You may have noticed that the voices of politicians seem to change as they rise up the ranks. Now scientists【B1】_that being in a position of power can fundamentally change the way you speak and other people can【B2】_on these vocal cues.Psychological scientist Sei Jin Ko of San Diego State Univ
16、ersity and her team had long been interested in non-language-related properties of【B3】_, but it was former U. K. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher that【B4】_them to investigate the relationship between acoustic(听觉的)cues and power. To find out, the researchers designed a study. They【B5】_161 college stu
17、dents reading a passage so they could record their natural acoustics. The participants were then【B6】_assigned to play a specific role in a negotiation exercise. Students assigned to a “high rank“ were told to go into the negotiation imagining that they either had a strong alternative offer, valuable
18、 inside information, or high status in the workplace. Low-rank students,【B7】_, were told to imagine they had either a weak offer, no inside information, or low workplace status. The students then read a second passage aloud in【B8 】_, as if they were negotiating with an imaginary adversary and their
19、voices were recorded.Comparing the first and second recordings, the researchers found that the voices of students assigned to high-power roles tended to【B9 】_in pitch, as well as become more monotonewith less variable in pitchand varied more in volume than the voices of students assigned low-power r
20、oles. “Amazingly, power affected our participants voices in almost the exact same way that Thatchers voice changed after her【 B10】_training,“ said Professor Galinsky, a researcher in the team.27 【B1 】28 【B2 】29 【B3 】30 【B4 】31 【B5 】32 【B6 】33 【B7 】34 【B8 】35 【B9 】36 【B10 】Section A36 For authors of
21、self-help guides, no human problem is too great or too small. Want to become fitter, richer or happier in 2015? There are books for it【C1】_upon shelves of them. Hoping for increased efficiency, decisiveness and creativity in the months ahead? There are titles for that, too.As we settle down to our N
22、ew Years【C2】_, well turn in droves to self-help books, hoping to find our own best selves in their pages. But a book neednt lecture to leave its imprint. The truth is that all good literature changes us, and a growing body of research suggests you might do better browsing through fiction for support
23、 in【C3 】_lifes challenges. Think of it less as self-help than “shelf help“.Reading has been proven to sharpen【C4】_thinking, enabling us to better discern patternsa handy tool when it comes to the often baffling behaviour of ourselves and others. But fiction in particular can make you more socially a
24、ble. Last year, the Journal of Applied Social Psychology published a paper showing how reading Harry Potter made young people in the U. K. and Italy more【C5】_disposed towards stigmatised(使蒙上污名的)minorities such as【C6】_. And in 2013, psychologists at the New School for Social Research found that liter
25、ary fiction enhanced peoples ability to【C7】_and read others emotions.We think of novels as places in which to lose ourselves, but when we【C8】_, we take with us inspiration from our favourite characters. A 2012 study by researchers at Ohio State University found that this process could actually chang
26、e a readers behaviour. In one experiment, participants strongly identifying with a【C9】_character who overcame obstacles to vote proved significantly more likely to vote in a real election.They may not promise transformation in seven easy steps, but gripping novels can inform and motivate, short stor
27、ies can console and trigger self-reflection, and poetry has been shown to engage parts of the brain linked to memory. Sometimes an author helps by simply taking your mind off a problem,【C10】_you so fully in anothers world and outlook that you transcend yourself, returning recharged and determined.A)
28、acceptingB)analyticalC)battlingD)booksE)concretelyF)criticalG)emerge H)expressI)fictional J)immersing K)positively L)refugees M)register N)resolutions O)shelves37 【C1 】38 【C2 】39 【C3 】40 【C4 】41 【C5 】42 【C6 】43 【C7 】44 【C8 】45 【C9 】46 【C10 】Section B46 Rising Inequality Is Holding Back the U. S. Eco
29、nomyAIn announcing his run for the presidency last month, Jeb Bush has set an ambitious goal of 4 percent real growth in gross domestic product(GDP). This goal has been greeted with substantial skepticism from parts of the economics establishment, while some economists have praised it as a “worthy a
30、nd viable aspiration“ that could be achieved with growth-oriented policies. Our recent research implies that a 4 percent growth goal for first term of the next President is not only possible, but is what we should strive to achieve. like Hubbard and Warsh, veteran Republican economic policymakers, w
31、e agree that the U. S. needs policies that raise labor force participation, accelerate productivity growth and improve expectations. Where we part ways is the tactics.BTheir recommendations focus on supply-side policies, such as tax reform, regulatory reform, reduced trade friction and education and
32、 training. Our research implies that a weak demand side explains the sluggish(萧条的)recovery from the Great Recession, with the rise of income inequality as a central factor. Consequently, our policy prescriptions revolve around increasing the take-home pay of the majority of American households. The
33、Great Recession, which began in December 2007, was the most severe American economic downturn in three-quarters of a century. Most economists did not anticipate ahead of time that this kind of thing could happen, although we warned that “it could get ugly out there“ in October 2007.CBut as the sever
34、ity of the recession became apparent in the dark days of late 2008 and early 2009, many economists predicted a swift bounce-back, reasoning from historical evidence that deep downturns are followed by rapid recoveries. Sadly, that prediction was also incorrect. The growth path following the Great Re
35、cession has been historically sluggish. Our recent research, supported by the Institute for New Economic Thinking, helps explain why: The economic drag from decades of rising income inequality has held back consumer spending.DOur work studies the link between rising income inequality and U. S. house
36、hold demand over the past several decades. From the middle 1980s until the middle 2000s, American consumers spent liberally despite the fact that income growth stagnated(停滞)for most of the population. We show that the annual growth rate of household income slowed markedly in 1980 for the bottom 95 p
37、ercent of the income distribution, while income growth for the top 5 percent accelerated at the same time. The result was the widely discussed rise of income inequality.EIt is also well known that household debt grew rapidly during this period. Our work points out that the buildup of debt relative t
38、o income was concentrated in the bottom 95 percent of the income distribution. Debt to income for the top 5 percent bounced around with little clear trend: When the financial crisis hit, our work shows that the bottom 95 percent of Americans could no longer get the rising debt they needed to continu
39、e to spend along the trend they established in the years leading up to the crisis. The result was a sharp cutback in household demand relative to income that caused the collapse of the Great Recession.FWhat about the recovery? Household demand in 2013(the most recent observation we have because our
40、computations incorporate data that are released with a lag and are available at an annual frequency only)was a stunning 17.5 percent below its pre-recession trend, with no sign of recovering back toward the trend. What happened? Our research implies that the cutoff of credit for the group of househo
41、lds falling behind as income inequality rose prevented their spending from recovering to its pre-recession path.GWhile there is no reason to necessarily expect that consumer spending will follow a constant trend over long periods of time, the practical reality is that the U. S. economy needed the pr
42、e-recession trend of demand to maintain adequate growth and at least a rough approximation of full employment prior to 2007. In the middle 2000s, there was no sign of excess demand in the U. S. economy. Inflation was tame and interest rates were low. Wage growth was stagnant. Although some gradual s
43、lowing in long-term U. S. growth might have been predicted as the large baby-boom generation ages, the overall labor force participation rate was actually rising prior to the recession, so there was no reason to expect any significant decline in labor resources in the years immediately following 200
44、7.HYes, the way many Americans were financing their demand was unsustainable, but there is no indication that businesses could not sustainably continue to produce along the pre-recession trend if they had been able to sell the output. Our interpretation of the evidence is that the demand drag that c
45、ould be expected as the result of rising inequality is, after a delay of a-quarter century, finally constraining the U. S. economy. Intuition, theory and evidence predict that high-income people spend, on average, a smaller share of their income than everyone else does. So as a higher share of incom
46、e goes into the pockets of the well-to-do, the household sector as a whole is likely to recycle less of its income back into spending, which slows the path of demand growth.IA possible problem with this prediction for the U. S. in recent years is that income inequality began to rise in the early 198
47、0s, but household demand remained strong through 2006. Our argument is that the demand drag from rising inequality was postponed by the buildup of debt: The bottom 95 percent borrowed rather than cut back their spending when their income growth slowed. But as the crisis hit, lending to households co
48、llapsed, and the trend Of rising debt could not continue.JThe effect of rising inequality has hit the economy hard. As a result, todays economy is underperforming. No one can know precisely how much of the stagnation in household demand is due to the rise of inequality, but our estimates imply that
49、the current path of total demand in the economy is at least 10 percent below where it would have been with the income distribution of the early 1980s. Where demand goes, so follows output and employment. This analysis links to the call for 4 percent growth. Considering conventional estimates of the long-term trend growth of the economy, a 4 percent growth rate through the next U. S. Presidents first term would go a long way towa
