1、2004 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）Breast cancer.（B） Lung cancer.（C） Pneumonia.（D）Leukemia.（A）Visit his uncle s doctor.（B） See a doctor.（C） Ride more carefully.（D）Take it easy.（A）Six.（B） Twenty-four.（C） Twelve.（D）Three.（A）Mrs. White.（B） Mr. White s father s family.（C） Mrs. Whites fathers family（D）M
2、r. White.（A）Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.（B） Tuesday and Saturday.（C） Tuesday and Thursday.（D）Saturday and Sunday.（A）Its too long.（B） It s the dullest.（C） It s ridiculous.（D）It s too short.（A）He thinks that there s more depression among users of the Internet.（B） He doubts there is a correlation bet
3、ween the Internet and depression.（C） He is sure that being on the Internet can lead to depression.（D）He thinks that depression can make people spend more time on the Internet.（A）She is full.（B） She has trouble digesting pears.（C） She thinks there is not enough.（D）She just wants a small one.（A）Take i
4、t back to the store.（B） Find the warranty.（C） Read instructions.（D）Call for help.（A）She bought it at a well-known store.（B） It was very expensive.（C） She doesn t consider it gorgeous.（D）Someone gave it to her.（A）She did poorly on physics.（B） She got a B in physics.（C） She didn t want to.（D）She was a
5、n average student.（A）She has been busy working on her chemistry.（B） She hasn t got a partner yet.（C） She prefers biology to chemistry.（D）She is sick and tired of biology.（A）He likes classical music.（B） He dislikes classical music a lot.（C） He hasnt learned to appreciate classical music yet.（D）He has
6、nt listened to any classical music before.（A）In the clinic.（B） In the ward.（C） In the drug store.（D）In the department store.（A）His passenger saved him in time.（B） He was driving very slowly.（C） He was driving a new car.（D）He had fastened his seat belt.二、Section B（A）Nausea.（B） Fever.（C） A cold.（D）Dia
7、rrhea.（A）The stale food he ate.（B） The fruit juice he drank.（C） Too much food he ate.（D）The cold he got.（A）Porridge.（B） Purified water.（C） Pizza.（D）Apple juice.（A）When his stool becomes loose and watery.（B） When his diarrhea becomes inconveniently frequent and watery.（C） When his lips and mouth are
8、dry.（D）When he loses a lot of body fluids.（A）It is a mild case of diarrhea.（B） It is an urgent case of diarrhea.（C） It is improving.（D）It is deteriorating.（A）Psychosocial effects of breast surgery.（B） Life crises of cancer patients.（C） Female self-image in society.（D）A woman s perception of her iden
9、tity.（A）It may affect a woman s physical activity.（B） It may affect a woman s self-image as a female.（C） It may affect a woman s perception of idealism.（D）It may affect a woman s breast reconstruction.（A）Because they can put the woman on medication to aid recovery.（B） Because they can help the woman
10、 find a job if she is unemployed.（C） Because they can help the woman find a new partner and remarry.（D）Because they can help the woman get over the physical and psychological blow.（A）Because they dread that they will have to see a psychiatrist.（B） Because they think that anxiety and depression are n
11、atural responses.（C） Because they cant recover from the psychological blow of the disease.（D）Because they fear that the medications they receive are not effective.（A）Encouraging her to discuss sexual problems with her partner openly.（B） Advising her to see a psychiatrist for further treatment.（C） Ad
12、vising her to reveal the diagnosis of breast cancer to others.（D）Advising her to use prosthetic device or undergo breast reconstruction. （A）Learning autonomy.（B） American education.（C） Respect for professors.（D）Guidelines for using the library in the U. S.A.（A）To know all the answers.（B） To know a l
13、ibrary works.（C） To be completely dependent on their professors.（D）To take the initiative and be independent.（A）Professors in the United States are very busy.（B） Professors in the U. S. have some other duties besides teaching.（C） Professors in the U. S. enjoy publishing articles and books.（D）Profess
14、ors in the U. S. do not have much time to spend with their students outside class.（A）He should go to the library.（B） He should turn to his professor for help during office hours.（C） He should set office hours for his professor.（D）He should always seek help from his professor in class.（A）One who is i
15、nterested in getting good grades in exams.（B） One who can finish the assignment on time.（C） One who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning.（D）One who can spend much time with his professor.三、Section A31 All the characters in the play are_.（A）imaginable（B） imaginary（C） imaginative（D）imagining
16、32 The judge_all the charges against Smith.（A）dismissed（B） eliminated（C） refused（D）discarded33 The actress_the terms of her contract and was prosecuted by the producer.（A）ignored（B） ratified（C） drafted（D）violated34 At this time of the year, university admission offices are_with inquiries from anxiou
17、s applicants.（A）annoyed（B） thrilled（C） trampled（D）reproached35 When the former President_her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected.（A）enforced（B） endorsed（C） followed up（D）put forward36 The country s highest medal was_upon him for heroism.（A）earned（B） bestowed（C） credited（D）gran
18、ted37 The local government leaders are making every effort to_the problem of poverty.（A）tackle（B） taper（C） suppress（D）tangle38 At the party we found that the shy girl_her mother all the time.（A）harmonizing with（B） clinging to（C） depending on（D）adjusting to39 We managed to reach the top of the mounta
19、in, and half an hour later we began to_.（A）decline（B） ascend（C） descend（D）plunge40 Losing the job was bad, but even worse was the feeling that I had_my dear wife and children.（A）let alone（B） let down（C） let off（D）let up四、Section B41 The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as elevation incre
20、ases.（A）altitude（B） aptitude（C） latitude（D）longitude42 She was so stubborn that she wouldn t change her opinions.（A）unwilling（B） talented（C） obstinate（D）determined43 On Christmas Eve, she spent two hours decorating the room with flower chains.（A）modifying（B） ornamenting（C） disposing（D）packing44 Nobo
21、dy can stand for long agony of a severe toothache.（A）sufferance（B） suppuration（C） plague（D）torment45 When we recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work, we are outraged.（A）enlightened（B） calmed（C） provoked（D）moved46 Only native-born citiz
22、ens are eligible for the U. S. presidency.（A）obliged（B） intelligible（C） competent（D）qualified47 Tomorrow s match has been called off because of the foul weather.（A）prevented（B） delayed（C） cancelled（D）forbidden48 Losing his job was a financial catastrophe for his family.（A）calamity（B） accident（C） fru
23、stration（D）depression49 Children were expected to be obedient and contribute to the well-being of the family.（A）smart（B） efficient（C） painstaking（D）submissive50 While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, others lament the loss of family responsibility
24、and discipline.（A）mourn（B） delight（C） prosecute（D）condemn五、Part Cloze50 Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and【C1】_in Philadelphia in
25、1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospered by selling his small but【C2】_collection of early U. S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting , he began【C3】_signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lesson the chance of
26、detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and【C4】_Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger can t approach a【C5】_buyer must deal with people who don t have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy ol
27、d books to use the【C6】_paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In Springs time,【C7】_after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern state, so Spring【C8】_a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General “Stonewall“ Jackso
28、n. For several years Miss Fanny s【C9】_problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult tas
29、k of separating his forgeries from the【C10】_51 【C1 】（A）arrived（B） migrated（C） traveled（D）moved52 【C2 】（A）excellent（B） genuine（C）假（D）rare53 【C3 】（A）originating（B） innovating（C） designing（D）imitating54 【C4 】（A）subscription（B） retention（C） circulation（D）accumulation55 【C5 】（A）respectful（B） respectable（
30、C） respective（D）respecting56 【C6 】（A）rough（B） fragile（C） aged（D）preserved57 【C7 】（A）right（B） simply（C） only（D）late58 【C8 】（A）invented（B） discovered（C） detected（D）located59 【C9 】（A）lawful（B） financial（C） administrative（D）criminal60 【C10 】（A）fakes（B） realities（C） originals（D）duplicates六、Part Reading C
31、omprehension60 Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans, the interchange also takes place in many other ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habit
32、s, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of life-style, and use of talentsin fact, through everything the individual says or does.In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhyt
33、hm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates , and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic; some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development; and some are made by a conscious process. The degr
34、ee to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process.The person with a behavior disorder is shut off from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or s
35、he may feel unable to express personal thoughts, needs, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or
36、 she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones.The causes of such commu
37、nicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person s processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person s emotional system.
38、Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good communicative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and complicating effects that will dis
39、tort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.61 The concluding phrase of the first paragra
40、ph implies that human communication_.（A）is characterized by two features, form and meaning（B） is mainly conducted through speech and writing（C） is of two functions, stimulation and response（D）takes two forms, verbal and nonverbal62 In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with_.（A）comm
41、unicative ability（B） external and internal messages（C） information and mental processing（D）conscious and subconscious awareness63 Shut off from the communicative flow, the person with a behavior disorder_.（A）is unable to focus attention on internal problems（B） is isolated in internal problems（C） rel
42、ays threatening messages（D）all of the above64 Which of the following is universal according to the passage?（A）Neural blocks.（B） Physical blocks.（C） Cerebral blocks.（D）Emotional blocks.65 The passage ends with_.（A）the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder（B） the importance of acquirin
43、g good communicative skills（C） the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks（D）the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood65 Depression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering
44、death as an attractive alternative.Although everyone experiences “the blues“ or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well, when everything seems to be an effort, and when efforts lead to frustration, these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired,
45、 hungry, lonely, or sick. Rest, good food, talking with friends, some fun, and/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues. But when the low spirits persist, or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation, when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person,
46、when relatives or friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continues to withdraw, then the person is depressed. Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances. Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb, is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes fro
47、m death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing environment(such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany),has had an overwhelming series of stressful setbacks, or has experienced the death of several family members within a short time is expected to be depressed.However, ther
48、e are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed. Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless. Such an image is usually the result of the psychosocial conditioning of
49、 a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love, care, and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships. The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person. Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring natural inner confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships.The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in life. His or her ta
