1、2008 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）It was called off unexpectedly.（B） It raised more money than expected.（C） It received fewer people than expected.（D）It disappointed the woman for the man s absence.（A）A thoracic case.（B） A nervous disorder.（C） A stomach problem.（D）A psychiatric condition.（A）In the
2、 housing office on campus.（B） In the downtown hotel.（C） At the rental agency.（D）In the nursing home.（A）Thrilled.（B） Refreshed.（C） Exhausted.（D）Depressed.（A）To travel with his parents.（B） To organize a picnic in the country.（C） To cruise, even without his friends.（D）To take a flight to the Maldives i
3、nstead.（A）He s got a revert.（B） He s got nausea.（C） He s got diarrhea.（D）He s got a runny nose.（A）To suture the man s wound.（B） To remove the bits of glass.（C） To disinfect the man s wound.（D）To take a closer look at the man s wound.（A）Mr. Lindley had got injured.（B） Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.（C
4、） Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.（D）Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.（A）She will apply to Duke University.（B） She will probably attend the University of Texas.（C） She made up her mind to give up school for work.（D）She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.（A）Her boyfriend broke
5、up with her.（B） She was almost run over by a truck.（C） One of her friends was emotionally hurt.（D）She dumped her boyfriend s truck in the river.（A）The patient will not accept the doctor s recommendation.（B） The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.（C） The doctor finds it hard to decide what
6、to do.（D）The medicine is not available to the patient.（A）It was more expensive than the original price.（B） It was given to the woman as a gift.（C） It was the last article on sale.（D）It was a good bargain.（A）Excited.（B） Impatient.（C） Indifferent.（D）Concerned.（A）She regrets buying the car.（B） The car
7、just arrived yesterday.（C） She will certainly not buy the ear.（D）This is the car she has been wanting.（A）He is seriously ill.（B） His work is a mess.（C） The weather is lousy this week.（D）He has been working under pressure.二、Section B（A）He has got bowel cancer（B） He has got heart disease.（C） He has go
8、t bone cancer.（D）He has got heartburn.（A）To have a colonoscopy.（B） To seek a second opinion（C） To be put on chemotherapy.（D）To have his bowel removed.（A）A pretty minor surgery.（B） A normal life ahead of him.（C） A miracle in his coming years.（D）A life without any inconveniences.（A）Thankful.（B） Admiri
9、ng.（C） Resentful.（D）Respectful.（A）It was based on the symptoms the man had described.（B） It was prescribed considering possible complications.（C） it was given according to the man s actual condition.（D）it was effective because of a proper intervention. （A）Smoking and lung Cancer.（B） Lung cancer and
10、the sexes.（C） How to quit Smoking.（D）How to prevent lung cancer.（A）Current smokers exclusively.（B） Second-hand smokers.（C） With a lung problem.（D）At age 40 or over.（A）156.（B） 269.（C） 7498（D）9427（A）Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancer（B） Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.（C）
11、Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.（D）When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.（A）Lung cancer can be early detected.（B） Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.（C） Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.（D）Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differentl
12、y. （A）A hobby.（B） The whole world.（C） A learning experience.（D）A career to earn a riving.（A）Her legs were broken.（B） Her arms were broken.（C） Her shoulders were severely injured.（D）Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.（A）She learned a foreign language.（B） She learned to make friends（C） She
13、learned to be a teacher.（D）She learned living skills.（A）She worked as skiing coach.（B） She was a college instructor.（C） She was a social worker in the clinic.（D）She worked as elementary school teacher.（A）Optimistic and hard-bitten.（B） Pessimistic and cynical.（C） Humorous and funny.（D）Kind and reliab
14、le.三、Section A31 I am afraid that you 11 have to_the deterioration of the condition.（A）account for（B） call for（C） look for（D）make for32 Twelve hours a week seemed a generous_of your time to the nursing home.（A）affliction（B） alternative（C） allocation（D）alliance33 Every product is_tested before being
15、put into the market.（A）expensively（B） exceptionally（C） exhaustively（D）exclusively34 Having clean hands is one of the_rules when preparing food.（A）potent（B） conditional（C） inseparable（D）cardinal35 The educators should try hard to develop the_abilities of children.（A）cohesive（B） cognitive（C） collectiv
16、e（D）comic36 Mortgage_had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.（A）defects（B） deficits（C） defaults（D）deceptions37 The symptoms may be_by certain drugs.（A）exaggerated（B） exacerbated（C） exceeded（D）exhibited38 Her story was a complete_from start to finish,
17、so nobody believed in her.（A）facility（B） fascination（C） fabrication（D）faculty39 The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out_.（A）salvage（B） safeguard（C） sabotage（D）sacrifice40 The government always_on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.（A）ta
18、kes up（B） cheeks up（C） works out（D）looks into四、Section B41 The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.（A）boosted（B） governed（C） clarified（D）pioneered42 Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking an
19、y further action.（A）realistic（B） sensitive（C） reasonable（D）sensational43 The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration.（A）recognition（B） sincerity（C） heritage（D）honor44 I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .（A）perfect（B） exquisite（C） unique（D）necessary45 If exercise
20、 is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.（A）instance（B） indicator（C） appearance（D）option46 The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.（A）arduous（B） demanding（C） potent（D）continuous47 The hospital sho
21、uld be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.（A）practicable（B） reliable（C） flexible（D）responsible48 Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.（A）esteem（B） appreciate（C） evaluate（D）approve49 The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the futur
22、e looks bleak.（A）chilly（B） dismal（C） promising（D）fanatic50 These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.（A）ensured（B） mined（C） achieved（D）influenced五、Part Cloze50 Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our exper
23、iences? Strangely【 C1】_, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius【C2】_a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intellige
24、nce less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】_of a person s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4 】_This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligen
25、ce is to some extent【C5】_we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6 】_, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take tw
26、o identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】_intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.【C8 】_now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We
27、might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】_birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】_that people who live in close contact
28、with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.51 【C1 】（A）quite（B） enough（C） sure（D）so52 【C2 】（A）out of（B） into（C） from within（D）off53 【C3 】（A）amounts（B） qualities（C） limits（D）scores54 【C4 】（A）disposition（B） perception（C） endowment（D）environment55
29、【C5 】（A）anything（B） something（C） nothing（D）everything56 【C6 】（A）in advance（B） for effect（C） at random（D）under way57 【C7 】（A）similar（B） various（C） appropriate（D）inborn58 【C8 】（A）Look（B） Believe（C） Suggest（D）Imagine59 【C9 】（A）and（B） or rather（C） as well as（D）but for60 【C10 】（A）fact（B） event（C） conditi
30、on（D）environment六、Part Reading Comprehension60 Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren t enough human organs to go around.Now scientists say they can alter
31、the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008.That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition a
32、mong animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans.Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding p
33、igs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also u
34、se research funds to improve artificial organs.Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ c
35、ould be taken off the waiting list in a year.61 What is the problem the passage begins with?（A）High mortality rate of immune rejection（B） A malpractice in heart transplantation.（C） An unusual case of organ transplant（D）A shortage of human organs62 Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical
36、issue, according to the passage but also it_.（A）introduces an issue of inhumanity（B） raises the issue of justice in medicine（C） presents a significant threat to the human nature（D）pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits63 Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientist
37、s_.（A）are to narrow the scope of organ transplants（B） switch to the development of artificial organs（C） come up with alternatives to the current problem（D）set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease64 It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that_.（A）the gene-alter
38、ing technique will help those waiting for organ transplants（B） the present supply of human organs still has potential to be explored（C） people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposes（D）the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed65 The information the passage carries is_.（A）enlig
39、htening（B） unbelievable（C） imaginative（D）factual65 There is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of in
40、creased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes.To reverse the obesi
41、ty epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. The
42、y make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone e
43、ats.Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categoriesare overweight. The U. S. food supply provid
44、es 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, i
45、t is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to
46、 inhibit overeating.66 The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to_.（A）the cause of obesity and its counteractive measures（B） the insufficient and superfluous consumption of food（C） the seas natural resource and the green of food source（D）the consumption of food and the increased
47、risk for diet-related diseases67 To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is_.（A）to improve political and economic management（B） to cope with the energy imbalance issue（C） to combat diet-related chronic diseases（D）to increase investment in global health68 A
48、s we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to_.（A）affluence and obesity（B） food energy and nutritional value（C） food business and economic prosperity（D）diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity69 As a result of the third irony, people_.（A）consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily
49、 basis（B） complain about food overproduction（C） have to raise their food expenses（D）are driven towards weight gain70 Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（A）The economic dimension.（B） The political dimension.（C） The humane dimension.（D）The dietary dimension.70 Women find a masculine facewith a large jaw and a prominent brow-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, acco
