1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 17 及答案与解析一、Section A（A）He was taking pictures of the campus.（B） His photographs were on the evening news.（C） He went to see a film on campus.（D）His television appearance was unintentional.（A）In a doctors office.（B） In an operating room.（C） In a professors office.（D）In a gymnasium.（A）She n
2、eeds to improve her study skills.（B） She 11 feel better if she get some rest.（C） She should make a doctors appointment.（D）Her medication isnt working well.（A）Throw the clothes away.（B） Make a donation of his old clothes.（C） Try to sell his old clothes.（D）Save the clothes to give to his friend.（A）Use
3、 cream on her rash.（B） See if her rash improves in a few days.（C） Check out a medical book from the library.（D）See a doctor about her rash.（A）She has decided not to go to Florida.（B） Her plans arent definite.（C） Her friend just returned from Florida.（D）She prefers to travel without her friend.（A）She
4、 hurt her foot.（B） Her health problem has come back again.（C） Shes feeling better now.（D）She needs an operation soon.（A）More doctors should be doing research.（B） He is studying to be a doctor.（C） An important new medical treatment may be available soon.（D）He has already tried the new medicine.（A）Go
5、to bed earlier.（B） Go to the gym less often.（C） Go to the gym later in the day.（D）Go to the gym with a friend.（A）Her hometown doctor works at the student health center.（B） She cannot help the man choose a doctor.（C） She didnt know she needed a physical exam to play basketball.（D）The man should visit
6、 a doctor in his hometown.（A）He felt better an hour ago.（B） His headache should be gone in an hour.（C） He forgot to take the medicine for his headache.（D）His head still hurts.（A）Meet at the bus stop.（B） Finish their candy bars.（C） Get off the bus at the next stop.（D）Meet in front of the rest rooms.（
7、A）Visit her more often.（B） Stop arguing in front of other people.（C） Call her if they need her help.（D）Give her their new address.（A）It wasnt open on Mondays.（B） Its opening had been postponed.（C） It was going to close before Monday.（D）It didnt deserve the praise I received.（A）He doesnt like wearing
8、 one.（B） He doesnt feel professional wearing one.（C） He doesnt wear one in his department.（D）He doesnt want to pay for one.二、Section B（A）Causes of illness.（B） The discovery of antibiotics.（C） The history of prescription drugs.（D）Characteristics of antibiotics.（A）Blood poisoning.（B） A penicillin.（C）
9、A heart attack.（D）An car accident.（A）To give an example of a bad reaction to penicillin.（B） To show how penicillin has changed over the years.（C） To emphasize the importance of antibiotics.（D）To explain why penicillin requires a prescription.（A）In a pharmacology course.（B） From her mother.（C） At the
10、 student health center.（D）From her doctor.（A）Look up some information about his medicine.（B） Take an extra dose of his medicine.（C） Ask his doctor to change his prescription.（D）Begin to do research for his lab project.（A）The impact of enzymes on chemical reactions.（B） The way the body produces enzym
11、es.（C） The structure of enzymes.（D）Types of chemical products created with enzymes.（A）It divides into two different parts.（B） It keeps the same chemical structure.（C） It becomes part of a new chemical compound.（D）It produces more of the enzyme.（A）Provide extra energy to start the reaction.（B） Raise
12、the temperature of the chemicals.（C） Release a chemical needed to start the reaction.（D）Lower the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.（A）To show that enzymes are very effective.（B） To point out that enzymes can sometimes fail to work.（C） To explain what enzymes are made of.（D）To describe d
13、ifferent types of enzymes.（A）Enzymes are what make many of the bodys biochemical reactions possible.（B） Enzymes are what make many of the bodys chemical reactions possible.（C） Enzymes are what make many of the bodys reactions possible.（D）Enzymes are what make many of the bodys biochemical reactions
14、impossible.（A）The replacement of the harpsichord by the piano.（B） The development of electronic musical instruments.（C） The relative costs of different types of musical instruments.（D）The performance of classical music on synthesizers.（A）At the beginning.（B） In the middle.（C） Near the end.（D）Just af
15、ter the end.（A）He is surprised by it.（B） He disagrees with it.（C） He thinks it is too soon to tell.（D）He is alarmed by it.（A）In the early nineteenth century.（B） In the late nineteenth century.（C） In the early twentieth century.（D）In the mid-twentieth century.（A）The electronic instrument is much more
16、 expensive.（B） The electronic instrument is slightly more expensive.（C） The piano is slightly more expensive.（D）The piano is much more expensive.三、Section A31 The injured customer_a lawsuit after falling in the store.（A）commenced（B） commended（C） commented（D）commentated32 We stood still, gazing out o
17、ver the limitless_of the desert.（A）space（B） expanse（C） stretch（D）land33 He used language that does not_a man of his education.（A）become（B） fit（C） support（D）prove34 The old hospital had an / a_air of sadness about it.（A）intangible（B） furtive（C） solitary（D）fluttering35 The general functions of the cer
18、ebellum are to maintain equilibrium, and_normal postures.（A）produce（B） impulse（C） sustain（D）conduct36 Hormones_by three different cell zones or layers of the adrenal cortex are called corticoids.（A）severed（B） fission（C） secreted（D）mediated37 Sometimes, psychologists are unable to answer questions be
19、cause of_of practical concerns, more often, the lacking fa suitable research method.（A）folkway（B） local trait（C） folklore（D）ethical38 The crowed_into the hall where the distinguished surgeon would gave a lecture on the latest development in medicine.（A）battled（B） thronged（C） accessed（D）approached39
20、Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children_a violent act previously seen on television.（A）modifying（B） duplicating（C） accelerating（D）stimulating40 In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is_.（A）luxury（B） accommodation（C） entertainment（D）refreshment
21、四、Section B41 Candidates are often urged to withdraw from a presidential race after they lose several primary elections.（A）denounce（B） quit（C） change allegiances in（D）abstain from42 The liver performs as a filter for the blood.（A）serves（B） poses（C） masquerades（D）plays43 Many scientists now believe t
22、hat there are no completely innocuous drugs.（A）harmless（B） harmonious（C） beneficial（D）satisfactory44 Doctors poor writing often confounds the patients.（A）convinces（B） embarrasses（C） bewilders（D）insults45 In Hawaii, native birds, such as the moa, dwell in the volcanic highlands and tropical rain fore
23、sts.（A）alluring（B） aquatic（C） graceful（D）endemic46 True cedars, members of the pine family, are stately trees one hundred twenty to one hundred fifty feet tall.（A）great（B） evergreen（C） national（D）majestic47 Glassmaking was the first sizable industry in the United States.（A）profitable（B） productive（C
24、） major（D）specialized48 Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.（A）rigorously（B） minimally（C） federally（D）guardedly49 Psychologists still wonder if some personality traits are innate.（A）interminable（B） inadvertent（
25、C） inborn（D）inevitable50 The dust in the atmosphere can affect the earths climate.（A）air currents（B） fine particles（C） clouds（D）rays五、Part Cloze50 The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because,【C1】_animals
26、, we stand upright. This means that our noses are【C2 】_to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 【C3 】_human s
27、mells even when these are【C4】_to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, whereas others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate【C5】_smell re
28、ceptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send【C6】_to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when【C7】_to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be
29、 that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can【C8】_new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not【C9】_of the usual smell of our own house but we notice new smells
30、when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors【C10】_for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.51 【C1 】（A）above（B） unlike（C） excluding（D）besides52 【C2 】（A）limited（B） committed（C） dedicated（D）confined53 【C3 】（
31、A）distinguishing（B） discovering（C） determining（D）detecting54 【C4 】（A）diluted（B） dissolved（C） determining（D）diffused55 【C5 】（A）unusual（B） particular（C） unique（D）typical56 【C6 】（A）signs（B） stimuli（C） messages（D）impulses57 【C7 】（A）subjected（B） left（C） drawn（D）exposed58 【C8 】（A）introduce（B） summon（C） tr
32、igger（D）create59 【C9 】（A）sure（B） sick（C） aware（D）tired60 【C10 】（A）available（B） reliable（C） identifiable（D）suitable六、Part Reading Comprehension60 When a heart-lung machine was invented that could take over the job of the heart, put oxygen into the blood and keep the circulation going during surgery,
33、surgeons could stop the heart while they were cutting and suturing. Recently, in certain cases, some surgeons have begun operating without the pump while the heart continues to beat.“The benefits of off-pump surgery are tremendous for patients who meet the criteria for this procedure,“ said Dr. Jim
34、Zellner with the Alliance of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgeons. “There is less need for blood products, less chance of complications during and after surgery, earlier recovery and earlier return to regular activity.“Seawood Murray felt he was led by God to find Dr. Zellner and Memorial Hospita
35、l and to have off-pump surgery. A veteran of the United States Navy as a nuclear weapons security officer and commanding officer of a mine assembly group for more than 31 years, Seawood has never complained about stress or pain. He saw three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam. However, after suf
36、fering from chest pain for almost a year and being misdiagnosed with chronic heartburn, Seawood knew something was seriously wrong. At the Veterans hospital in Murfreesboro, he learned he had heart disease and was told to come back in six weeks.“I didnt want to wait that long and asked for a referra
37、l to The Chattanooga Heart Institute,“ Seawood said. “Dr. Noel Hunt found that 40% of my heart was not getting the amount of blood it needed to operate properly.“ Four days later, Seawood was undergoing off-pump triple bypass surgery at Memorial Hospital under the hand of Dr. Zellner.“I was sitting
38、up that evening, walking around the second day and feeling good enough to go home the third day, but I stayed till the fourth morning,“ Seawood said. “Two others who had on-pump bypass surgery the same day I had mine off-pump were barely walking when I left.“61 How do surgeons usually operate on a h
39、eart-attacker according to the passage?（A）They operate without a pump.（B） They operate with a heart-lung machine.（C） They operate by stopping the heart.（D）They operate with nothing but cutting and suturing.62 Which of the following statements is NOT the benefit of off-pump surgery?（A）The heart-attac
40、k patients will be recovered in one day.（B） There are fewer chances for heart-attack patients to suffer from other new diseases during the course of hear attack.（C） Off-pump surgery needs fewer blood products.（D）The heart-attack patients will be well again earlier.63 Whats wrong with Seawood Murray?
41、（A）He suffered from chronic heartburn.（B） He suffered from heart attack.（C） He had three tours of duty off the coast of Vietnam.（D）His heart couldnt get blood it needed to operate.64 What did Dr. Zellner do for Seawood Murrays disease?（A）Dr. Zellner gave him a surgery with a heart-lung machine.（B） D
42、r. Zellner diagnosed his disease as chronic heartburn.（C） Dr. Zellner gave him an off-pump triple bypass surgery.（D）Dr. Zellner referred him to another hospital.65 What can we learn from the last paragraph?（A）Seawood Murray could hardly walk four days after the surgery.（B） Seawood Murray got recover
43、ed more slowly than other patients.（C） Seawood Murray felt well and went home the third day after the surgery.（D）Seawood Murray went home the fourth day after the surgery.65 The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions, and in humans this organization is ve
44、ry marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great interconnectivi
45、ty. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sen
46、se of smell-more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence-a
47、wareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence.The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, a
48、nd is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of th
49、e cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizo
