1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 54 及答案与解析Section A（A）Take the medicine as she was directed to do.（B） Schedule another appointment with her doctor.（C） Stop taking the medicine.（D）Rest her back for a few days.（A）Teaching the man yoga.（B） They are doing physical exercises.（C） Teaching the man gymnastics.（D）Giving the man a
2、 physical checkup.（A）He twisted his knee when playing football.（B） He was a professional football player.（C） He continued playing the game after the injury.（D）He didnt know how it occurred.（A）Spend more time outdoors.（B） Take short naps during the day.（C） Try to get to bed earlier.（D）Stay indoors un
3、til he feels better.（A）Electrician.（B） Teacher.（C） Physician.（D）Bus driver.（A）No one likes the food there.（B） Some people like the food there.（C） All the people like the food there.（D）The food seems to be healthy there.（A）Some like meat while others like poison.（B） Different people are interested in
4、 different things.（C） Meat and poison can be transferred.（D）Meat can be served as poison to some extent.（A）Restaurant.（B） Laundries.（C） Gold.（D）Both A and B.（A）Mrs. Smith is good at theory but drives poorly.（B） Mrs. Smith always get lost on the road.（C） Mrs. Smith knows little about rules and drives
5、 fast.（D）Mrs. Smith doesnt know how to stop the car.（A）A delicate art.（B） A religion.（C） An exact science.（D）A way of life.（A）Become a representative of the class.（B） Leave the class early.（C） Take pictures.（D）Give a presentation to the class.（A）She can only talk for an hour since she is busy.（B） Sh
6、e can help, but suggests coming back in an hour.（C） She cant help because the time needed is too long.（D）She will help, but warns that it is a big topic that takes time.（A）Try to switch hours with someone else.（B） Ask his boss to raise his pay.（C） Look for a more suitable job.（D）Do the extra work wi
7、thout complaining.（A）He has been working outdoors lately.（B） Hed like to get some exercise.（C） Hes a good tennis player.（D）He rarely uses his computer.（A）Make some tea for the man.（B） Take the man to see a doctor.（C） Ask the mans mother to come over.（D）Look up a recipe for chicken soup.Section B（A）P
8、rescription for the woman.（B） Diagnosis of the womans condition.（C） The womans symptoms.（D）The womans medical history.（A）She is allergic to penicillin.（B） She has a choking problem.（C） She has a skin irritation.（D）She is allergic to talcum powder.（A）Allergy to penicillin.（B） Application of some oint
9、ment.（C） Allergy to some pain kiliers.（D）A bacterial infection.（A）Non-penicillin antibiotics.（B） Anti-inflammatory ointment.（C） Anti-inflammatory talcum powder.（D）Non-penicillin antibiotics and ointment.（A）She has bad reaction to penicillin.（B） Her symptoms dont relieve at all after a week.（C） She f
10、eels burning and itching on her skin.（D）She prefers ointment to talcum powder for her problem.（A）A New York executive.（B） A physician.（C） A television announcer.（D）A teacher.（A）A science fiction cartoon.（B） A scientific program.（C） A movie on personality disorders.（D）A drama set in New York City.（A）
11、To demonstrate the latest use of computer graphics.（B） To raise funds for public television programming.（C） To explain the workings of the brain.（D）To increase membership in professional medical societies.（A）Because it is required of all science majors.（B） Because it was made in New York City.（C） Be
12、cause it will be shown after working hours.（D）Because it will be helpful with course work.（A）Because there will be a sequel after October 10.（B） Because it is meant for nonscientists.（C） Because a review will be printed before October 10.（D）Because it is simple enough for children.（A）Overeating.（B）
13、Obesity.（C） Anemia.（D）Anorexia.（A）Eating too much.（B） Under-eating.（C） Trouble sleeping.（D）Intensive counseling.（A）Most of them are a result of overeating.（B） They must all be treated by hospitalization.（C） Under-eating is the most fatal among eating disorders.（D）There is no cure for them yet.（A）You
14、ng boys.（B） Young women.（C） Middle-aged women.（D）Elderly women.（A）Societal pressure.（B） Poor nutritional education.（C） Poverty.（D）Poor health.Section A31 _is not only the health of humans but that of the earth.（A）At cost（B） At stake（C） At length（D）At intervals32 The exercises you do next will be a l
15、ittle less precise in form due to _and therefore less effective.（A）length（B） fatigue（C） excitement（D）irritation33 There are also medical treatments, such as chemotherapy, which can cause a person to _go bald.（A）infinitely（B） temporarily（C） comfortably（D）favorably34 To alleviate the problem of contam
16、inated chicken, the experts recommend that the government shift its inspection emphasis from cursory bird-by-bird visual check to a more _random sampling for bacterial and chemical contamination.（A）rigorous（B） perfunctory（C） symbolic（D）discreet35 The medical staff is prepared to overlook the error o
17、n this occasion _her previous good medical service during her internship.（A）in the light of（B） thanks to（C） with a view to（D）with regard to36 He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his best-selling novel he became unbearably_.（A）cordial（B） proud（C） conceited（D）exag
18、gerated37 The brain centers that process numbers seem to be different for exact and _calculations.（A）adequate（B） apparent（C） approximate（D）objective38 He felt the pain again when the effect of the drug_.（A）wore on（B） wore down（C） wore out（D）wore off39 If you are a member of the League you must _to i
19、ts rules.（A）approach（B） conform（C） respond（D）abide40 He may give the impression of being severe, but he is quite a kind person_.（A）from heart（B） at heart（C） of heart（D）by heartSection B41 The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation
20、.（A）factor（B） constituent（C） break（D）barrier42 Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.（A）benefit from（B） count on（C） stand for（D）stick to43 The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the
21、events.（A）foresaw（B） neglected（C） explored（D）assessed44 Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected authorities.（A）reminded（B） expected（C） requested（D）compelled45 Your grade will be based on large part on the originality of your ideas.（A）popularity（B） creativi
22、ty（C） feasibility（D）flexibility46 Tony said to the traffic police officer: Ok, ok, sir. I admit that I have exceeded the speed limit. But dont suspend my driving license, please.（A）accuse（B） punish（C） dismiss（D）terminate47 Every minute, at least one woman dies from complications related to pregnancy
23、 or childbirththat means 529 000 women a year.（A）attached to（B） associated with（C） composed of（D）contributed to48 Two SARS patients hospitalized for observation have been discharged, though their condition continues to be monitored by local health teams.（A）put out（B） passed off（C） pulled out（D）sent
24、home49 Not until the advent of biochemistry could the anatomist see through the microscope which cells carry specific enzymes or gauge how active these enzymes are in different cells under various conditions.（A）discern（B） grasp（C） measure（D）estimate50 The anxious parent was vigilant over the injured
25、 child in spite of a full array of emergency room of doctors and nurses.（A）preoccupied（B） unwary（C） watchful（D）dozing一、Part Cloze50 What draws my firms attention is the design of cities. When we designed America s first “green“ office building two decades ago, we felt very【C1】_ . But today, the idea
26、 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to come.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren t designed for【 C2】_ uses. The “energy-efficient“ buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed
27、indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paints and carpet. So, weve been focusing on these materials【C3 】_ to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials that dont【C4 】_ the quality of the air, water, or soil.【C5】_ o
28、ur basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad“ ,but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil【C6 】_ reused by industry again. In fact, the world s largest manufacturer has already【 C7】_ a fully and safely recyclable carpet.No one【C8
29、】_ to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are inevitably causing these conditions. So【C9】_ simply trying to reduce the damage, we are adopting a positive approach. We re giving people healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a【C10】_ e
30、ffect on the world. Its not just the building industry. Entire cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to desian. olannina and buildina.51 【C1 】（A）alone（B） lonely（C） only（D）isolated52 【C2 】（A）indoor（B） inward（C） relevant（D）flexible53 【C3 】（A）back（B） down（C） next（D）near54 【C4 】（A）
31、reduce（B） revise（C） descend（D）delay55 【C5 】（A）Besides（B） However（C） Anyhow（D）Anyway56 【C6 】（A）or（B） and（C） but（D）nor57 【C7 】（A）sketched（B） constructed（C） researched（D）developed58 【C8 】（A）starts out（B） pulls up（C） looks at（D）makes up59 【C9 】（A）because of（B） adhere to（C） instead of（D）regardless of60 【
32、C10 】（A）functional（B） beneficial（C） precious（D）sensible二、Part Reading Comprehension60 Men and women may need to be treated differently when it comes to pain. Researchers in California have found that certain painkillers provide greater and longer-lasting relief for women than they do for men. This s
33、uggests that the physiology of pain differs between the sexes. The discovery could lead doctors to change the way they prescribe analgesic drugs.In controlled experiments, women often report higher levels of pain. But when it comes to prescribing and developing new analgesics, medical science usuall
34、y ignores the sex of the patient, says Jon Levine, a specialist in inflammatory diseases at the University of California, San Francisco. Levine says that sexual differences were the last thing on his mind when his research group started studying a class of analgesics called kappa-opioids, which are
35、chemical cousins to morphine and heroin. The researchers found that the drugs were less effective in controlling pain than their better-known kin(家属). But when they tried to publish their results, an expert reviewer spotted the fact that some of the treatment groups contained more women than men, an
36、d suggested that the researchers reanalyze the data to see if this accounted for their results. “To our surprise, all the effect could be ascribed to sex,“ says Levine.To test the effect of sex directly, Levines team recruited 20 men and 28 women who were due(预订) to have their wisdom teeth removed.
37、After surgery, the patients first evaluated their pain as the origin alan-aesthesia wore off, and then every 20 minutes after they were given a shot of a kappa-opioid.The link between sex and the effectiveness of the drugs was clear, the researchers report in this months issue of Nature Medicine. Al
38、though the women reported a higher level of pain shortly after surgery, 20 minutes after a dose of the opioid their pain had lessened to a greater degree than it had for the men. And the women s pain relief continued for hours after the drug s effects began to wane in the men.“Im very excited about
39、this result,“ says Karen Berkey, a pain researcher at Florida State university in Tallahassee. In addition to sex differences, she would now like to see researchers explore other factorssuch as age that might influence the effectiveness of painkillers.If scientists can understand why such difference
40、s exist, it may be possible to develop “designer“ painkillers tailored (适应) to particular types of patient. Levine says the findings should prompt researchers to reexamine drugs abandoned as useless simply because they did not work in men-only trials.Whatever the outcome of the research, Levine says
41、 that a lot of the credit is due to the unknown reviewer who readjusted the focus of his work.“ Everyone in the group is appreciative,“ he says, “we re just sorry reviewing is done anonymously (匿名方式) and we couldnt thank this person.“61 As the research indicates the efficacy of analgesic drugs_.（A）m
42、ay vary with sex（B） may be related with the degree of pain（C） are not decided by doctors but by patients（D）have nothing to do with sexual differences62 Levine implies that the doctor is supposed to_.（A）take mens pain seriously（B） use kappa-opioids to kill pain（C） pay attention to womens pain（D）consi
43、der sex while prescribing painkillers63 In their studies the scientists were surprised to find that_.（A）the women reported higher levels of pain（B） the women did not respond to kappa-opioids（C） kappa-opioids were not effective like morphine and heroin（D）sexual differences decided whether kappa-opioi
44、ds were effective64 According to Berkley, the effectiveness of painkillers_.（A）could be explored in men（B） is clearly linked with age（C） is mainly influenced by sexual differences（D）might not be only decided by sexual differences65 As Levine implies, the drugs abandoned as useless_.（A）had been tailo
45、red to a particular type of patients（B） were not effective in different ages of groups（C） had not been developed properly（D）might work in women65 Some problems can be readily identified simply by looking around. These problems concern the pollution of our environment by technology as a result of sud
46、den upsets in the physical, economic and social balance. The most obvious of these are the general pollution of our physical environment and the destruction of irreplaceable natural resources. Not so obvious as these, but just as painfully significant to some, are the disappearing and changing of jo
47、bs which overnight often create large groups of jobless citizens.Can technology be used to undo what it has done, replace what it has destroyed or substitute for what it has caused to disappear? No one knows. Many wonder whether or not all of the sources of pollution have yet been identified, whethe
48、r or not they are being arrested and whether or not they will be prevented from recurring.Another set of problems relates to what technological advancement has done to the quality of life. An improved social life has not been unfortunately, either the goal or the chief beneficiary of technological c
49、hange. Rather, any improvements that have occurred have been more accidental than intended. Too much has happened too fast. The changes demanded of marriage and family relationships remain largely unexamined. It is often a matter of “put up or shut up“, and a person has to adapt his lifestyle to ever-changing conditions with little time for choice. The “no-move-no-advancement“ type is an example of one such problem. Many people are
