1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 55 及答案与解析Section A（A）Bad food.（B） Fat food.（C） Cold food.（D）Spicy food.（A）Hes afraid to try some of the exercises himself.（B） The physics class is only halfway over.（C） The students arent in good physical condition.（D）He doesnt believe anything people say.（A）A mystery story.（B） The hiring
2、 of a shop assistant.（C） The search for a reliable witness.（D）An unsolved case of robbery.（A）Exercise less frequently.（B） Take less medicine each day.（C） Visit him as soon as possible.（D）Take a new kind of headache medicine.（A）He went to see the dentist a week ago.（B） The woman should cancel her app
3、ointment with the dentist.（C） The womans toothache will go away by itself.（D）The woman should have seen the dentist by now.（A）Members of the club are required to register when they arrive.（B） They can bring up to three guests.（C） They should register their guests.（D）Show membership cards on arrival.
4、（A）For 30 minutes only.（B） For one hour only.（C） Within the booked time only.（D）Longer than the booked time.（A）Degree requirement.（B） University links.（C） Government agreements.（D）Company projects.（A）Orderliness.（B） Creativeness.（C） Tightness.（D）Convenience.（A）Change his diet.（B） Take a different ki
5、nd of medicine.（C） Ask another doctor about the problem.（D）Do special knee exercises.（A）An ophthalmologist.（B） A pediatrician.（C） An intern.（D）A neurosurgeon.（A）In an airport.（B） In a store.（C） On a subway.（D）In a police station.（A）Just wait a second for it to boot.（B） Find someone to fix it.（C） Fix
6、 it herself.（D）Find another computer.（A）Patient and doctor.（B） Student and professor.（C） Insurance salesman and patient.（D）General practitioner and consultant.（A）Do a better job of guessing what she is expecting.（B） Go talk to the professor and find out what her expectations are.（C） Keep trying to w
7、ork harder.（D）Complain to the dean about professor Merringtons strict marking.Section B（A）Coughing fits.（B） Blood phlegm.（C） Bad breath.（D）Blood urine.（A）A week.（B） Some time.（C） One month.（D）Two days.（A）Greenish.（B） Yellowish.（C） Yellowish and jelly-like.（D）Foamy.（A）He coughs a lot.（B） His phlegm d
8、oesnt smell strange.（C） There is some blood in his phlegm.（D）He doesnt take any medication.（A）Asthma.（B） Bronchitis.（C） Lung cancer.（D）Esophagus cancer.（A）To stay in a very warm room with a lot of people.（B） To expose oneself to severe weather.（C） To play outdoors long when it is snowing.（D）To wait
9、for a bus on a cold and windy day.（A）You ll catch a cold sooner or later.（B） Youve already come down with a cold.（C） There are viruses hidden in your body.（D）The room is not warm enough for your health.（A）It is generally believed that colds are caused by exposure to cold weather.（B） Most colds are “
10、caught“ by hand contact.（C） Cold virus will keep alive for several hours once it leaves human body.（D）Cold virus can spread around only through the air.（A）Wash our hands frequently.（B） Never rub our nose or eyes.（C） Throw away tissues immediately after use.（D）Shake hands with our friends instead of
11、kissing them. （A）A cold-sufferer is staying with him in the same room.（B） The viruses have been exposed to the air for over 3 hours.（C） He dropped in a warm room.（D）He shakes hands with a cold-sufferer.（A）The side effects of the Heimlich maneuver.（B） The causes of death in choking cases.（C） How to u
12、se the Heimlich maneuver to save a choking victim.（D）What choking is like?（A）Speed of operation.（B） A prone position.（C） Prior practice.（D）Expert help.（A）People who have cracked ribs.（B） People who have an obstruction in their throats.（C） Heart attack victims.（D）People who dislike old remedies.（A）A
13、slow depression of the rib cage.（B） Repeated thumps on the back.（C） A quick upper thrust into the abdomen.（D）An application of force below the belly button.（A）A choking victim is best treated in a hospital.（B） A person who is choking can help himself.（C） The Heimlich maneuver is a recent development
14、.（D）Choking victims are rarely confused with heart attack victims.Section A31 Wednesdays: Do a cross-training (CT) activity (biking, swimming, elliptical trainer) at easy to moderate effort for 30 to 40 minutes. If youre feeling very _or sore, take a rest day.（A）spontaneous（B） strenuous（C） soaring（D
15、）sluggish32 So by pre-planning the time you want to_, you should be able to decide the gender of your baby, or in theory anyway.（A）solicit（B） perceive（C） conceive（D）investigate33 Third, talks must shift from focusing _on controlling emissions to dealing with the reality that lots of climate change i
16、s inevitable.（A）exceptionally（B） practically（C） exclusively（D）proportionately34 One line of research focuses on the endings of nerve cells in the brain, which _as the disease progresses.（A）upgrade（B） degenerate（C） disgrace（D）glorify35 The areas, called “plaques“, gradually thicken and harden with fi
17、brous material, cells, and other deposits, restricting the opening of the vessel and reducing blood flow in the tissues, a condition known as “_“.（A）ischemia（B） anemia（C） anorexia（D）dyspnea36 Today people still dont make health a (n)_because they have no time.（A）privilege（B） issue（C） principle（D）pri
18、ority37 Mental exercise can favorably _the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change ones bodily proportions.（A）modify（B） adjust（C） develop（D）contract38 The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very_.（A）subtle（B） sufficient（C） superficial（D）superior39
19、 Despite the limitations of a standard CT, it does a _job of picturing the internal anatomy of the body.（A）supreme（B） superb（C） sufficient（D）superfluous40 The city government is getting its residents to properly _their garbage.（A）break up（B） dispose of（C） check out（D）hand outSection B41 The defect o
20、ccurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy, though no one understands why, said Dr. Solomon, the obstetrician with the Medical Center for Children, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US.（A）deficit（B） deviation（C） draw back（D）discrepancy42 An allergy results when the body reacts adversely
21、 to certain substances introduced to it.（A）negatively（B） spontaneously（C） purposefully（D）promptly43 Johnsons writing is considered pedantic and abstruse because it is filled with obscure references and baffling digressions.（A）ingenuous（B） intricate（C） definitive（D）erratic44 Some forms of arthritis m
22、ay develop when the bodys ability of fighting disease goes away.（A）takes over（B） comes up（C） is interrupted（D）becomes faulty45 Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and potentially dangerous diseases in the world.（A）colossal（B） popular（C） widespread（D）scattered46 Medical diagnosis begins with a
23、patient history, including a history of the present illness with a description of symptoms, a past medical history, and a family and social history.（A）clinical manifestations（B） clinical characteristics（C） clinical prognosis（D）therapeutic signs47 Autism is a disease which involves a total lack of la
24、nguage, a pervasive lack of responsiveness to people, and peculiar speech patterns.（A）widespread（B） localized（C） occasional（D）uncommon48 If a fever persists, a doctor should be called since this may mean that a more serious infection is present.（A）disappears（B） continues（C） perishes（D）vanishes49 The
25、 function of lymph nodes is to filter the lymph as it passes through the lymphatic vessels.（A）sift（B） infiltrate（C） perpetrate（D）examine50 A corps of so-called barefoot doctors were trained in hygiene, preventive medicine, acupuncture, and routine treatment of common diseases.（A）nutrition（B） sanitat
26、ion（C） nursery（D）welfare一、Part Cloze50 Fear is often a【C1】_ emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and【C2】_ quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (肾上激素) are poured into your bloodstr
27、eam.【C3】_ a fire or an accident, fear can【C4】_ life-saving flight. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger【C5】_ that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vul
28、nerable【C6】_ fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunates respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound frig
29、ht. From birth, he or she is more【C7】_ learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more【C8】_ .Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly【C9】_ and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father
30、who regarded each adversity as a【C10】_ obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problems.51 【C1 】（A）useful（B） unbeneficial（C） strong（D）mixed52 【C2 】（A）steps（B） pace（C） responses（D）breath53
31、【C3 】（A）Suffering from（B） Confronted with（C） In relation to（D）In the face of54 【C4 】（A）avoid（B） hinder（C） delay（D）fuel55 【C5 】（A）at hand（B） in hand（C） to hand（D）by hand56 【C6 】（A）in（B） to（C） at（D）on57 【C7 】（A）tend to（B） attendant upon（C） prone to（D）subjected to58 【C8 】（A）sensory（B） sensible（C） sensa
32、tional（D）sensitive59 【C9 】（A）affect（B） hinder（C） avoid（D）shape60 【C10 】（A）temporary（B） permanent（C） unconquered（D）formidable二、Part Reading Comprehension60 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday a modest policy victory for the Obama Administrati
33、on. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona vs. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona
34、s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization “ and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion stat
35、e policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress (国会) had deliberately “occupied the fi
36、eld“ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. Thats because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcemen
37、t and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting JusticeSamuel Alito and Clarence Thomasagreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major ob
38、jection came from Justice Anton Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “ a shocking assertion of federal executive power“. The
39、White House argued that Arizona s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively
40、(专门地)to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didnt want to carry ou
41、t Congresss immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 61 Three provisions of Arizona s plan were overturned because they_.（A）overstepped the authority of federal immigration law（B） disturbed the power balance between differe
42、nt states（C） deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers（D）contradicted both the federal and state policies62 On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?（A）States independence from federal immigration law.（B） Federal officers duty to withhold immigrants infor
43、mation.（C） States legitimate role in immigration enforcement.（D）Congress s intervention in immigration enforcement.63 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts_.（A）violated the Constitution（B） stood in favor of the states（C） supported the federal statute（D）undermined the s
44、tates interests64 The White House claims that its power of enforcement_.（A）outweighs that held by the states（B） is established by federal statutes（C） is dependent on the states support（D）rarely goes against state laws65 What can be learned from the last paragraph?（A）Immigration issues are usually de
45、cided by Congress.（B） The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.（C） Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.（D）Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.65 The 18th-century statesman, Edmund Burke, once said “All that is needed for the triumph of a
46、misguided cause is that good people do nothing.“ One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby
47、 threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing description of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are puzzled t
48、hat anyone would deliberately harm an animal in medical researchers.For example, a grandmotherly woman advocating animal rights at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked
49、if she opposed immunizations (免疫注射), she wanted to know if vaccines (疫苗) come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes. “Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.“ Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientist must communicate their message to the public in a sympathetic, understandable wayin human t
