[医学类试卷]西医综合练习试卷196及答案与解析.doc

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1、西医综合练习试卷 196 及答案与解析0 A压缩骨折B横行骨折C斜行骨折D粉碎骨折E嵌插骨折1 高处坠落发生的椎体骨折是2 骤然跪倒髌骨着地发生的髌骨骨折是2 AL 12 椎间盘突出 BL 23 椎间盘突出 CL 34 椎间盘突出 D L 45 椎间盘突出 EL 5S1 椎间盘突出3 导致趾背伸力弱的是4 导致趾及足跖屈力弱的是5 下列骨折中,最不稳定的是(A)裂缝骨折(B)横行骨折(C)螺旋骨折(D)青枝骨折(E)嵌插骨折6 关于急性血源性骨髓炎的治疗,下列哪项是错误的(A)立即开始联合应用足量广谱抗生素(B)抗生素治疗 4872 小时后,局部症状仍不能控制,应手术治疗(C)手术行软组织切开

2、引流术(D)少量多次输血,增加病人的抵抗力(E)患肢可用皮牵引或石膏托固定7 下列有关颈椎病的诊断治疗哪项是错误的(A)各种类型颈椎病均可行推拿牵引治疗(B)一过性脏缺血症状有时是由颈椎病所致(C)颈椎病可有视物模糊、复视、耳呜、心前区疼痛等症状(D)颈椎病是颈椎骨质增生所致,常伴有上肢放射痛及感觉障碍(E)颈椎病均应行颈椎 X 线检查8 嵌插骨折的主要诊断根据是(A)骨折部的压痛和轴向叩击痛(B)骨折部的反常活动和骨擦音(C)骨折部软组织肿胀和瘀斑(D)骨折部畸形西医综合练习试卷 196 答案与解析1 【正确答案】 A2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 压缩骨折是发生在松质骨受外力而被压缩变形

3、的骨折,常发生在椎体和跟骨。横骨折骨折线与骨纵轴垂直,斜骨折骨折线与骨纵轴斜交,多发生在长骨。嵌插骨折发生在长骨端坚质骨与松质骨交界处,坚质骨嵌插入松质骨内,常发生存股骨颈、肱骨外科颈等处。髌骨骨折可分为两大类:滑跤跌倒时为防止倒地,股四头肌强烈收缩,使髌骨分成两块的骨折是横骨折。而跌倒时髌骨着地暴力直接作用于髌骨上造成的骨折是粉碎骨折。3 【正确答案】 D4 【正确答案】 E5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 骨折端易移位或复位后易再移位的骨折属不稳定骨折,反之为稳定骨折。这在制定治疗方案及估计预后上有意义。螺旋骨折属不稳定骨折。6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 急性血源性骨髓炎系骨的急性化脓

4、性感染,其治疗首先是全身使用足量广谱抗生素控制炎症和支持疗法。如 4872 小时炎症未能控制,应及时手术引流,减少全身中毒症状及防止转变为慢性骨髓炎。行软组织切开引流术是不够的,应于干骺端病变处切开骨膜,于骨上钻孔引流或开窗减压,引流骨内感染。为减轻疼痛,防止关节挛缩和病理骨折,患肢应给予适当固定。7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 颈椎病可行按摩手法,以利于改善局部血运,松弛肌肉痉挛,解除疼痛,但严禁推扳手法。另外,牵引治疗主要适用于神经根型,以缓解对神经根的刺激,改善症状。对脊髓型颈椎病均不适用。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 嵌插骨折两断端嵌插,无反常活动和骨擦音,一般无明显畸形。为间接外力所致局部软组织受损不重,骨髓腔未开放,出血不多,所以骨折部软组织肿胀和瘀斑不会太大。另外,此也不是骨折的专有体征,不能作为诊断依据。只有骨折部的压痛和轴向叩击痛为骨析所特有。

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