1、全国自考（国际商务英语）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、词组英译汉1 documentary letter of credit2 partial shipment3 net position4 clean bill of lading5 clearing system6 confirming bank7 the validity period8 contract carrier9 leading bank10 revocable credit二、词组汉译英11 增值税12 世界贸易组织13 现金账户14 售后服务15 年度预算16 银行危机17 品牌18 商业税19 补偿贸易20 领事发票三、配
2、对题20 a. that must be doneb. an action taken against someone in accordance with the lawc. an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business transportationd. a sphere of activitye. money paid as part payment that in owedf. transport that combines road, rail, sea and airg. compensation for
3、 loss h. occurrencei. the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss j. to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person21 field22 incidence23 multi-modal24 diminish25 indemnity26 subrogate27 legal action28 leader29 deposit30 compulsory四、名词解释31 customs union32 mul
4、tinational enterprise33 customs clearance34 intra-MNE transfers35 Incoterms五、简答题36 Explain brifly the terms FOB, CFR and CIF.37 What is the significance of transportation deregulation?38 What is an international turnkey project?39 Explain the major difference between GNP and GDP.六、句子英译汉40 “Joint ven
5、ture“(合资企业)is the term generally used for an arrangement between foreign and domestic investors establishing a new corporation for the purpose of producing goods or carrying out other operations. In most cases the investor will seek a majority interest in the venture so as to optimize his control of
6、 operations and his share in eventual profits. Negotiations over the degree of control will revolve around how much capital or other assets each partner is prepared to contribute to the undertaking. The end result being sought is a joint venture that will ensure each partner a mutually agreed share
7、in control over corporate policy and management and in the companys profits and losses.41 The International Development Association was established in 1960 to provide assistance for the same purposes as IBRD, but primarily in the poorer developing countries and on terms that would bear less heavily
8、on their balance of payments than would IBRD loans. It offers soft loans, i.e. loans with significant risk of not being repaid.七、句子汉译英42 从广义上来说，运输的定义是将货物和乘客从一地运至另一地。43 损失费用分摊原则是与赔偿有关的辅助原则。44 国际复兴开发银行成立于 1945 年，现为 180 个成员国所拥有。45 控制成本是企业进行对外直接投资的首要动机。46 国际复兴开发银行和国际货币基金组织都是联合国的下属机构，它们的总部都设在美国首都华盛顿。全国自考
9、（国际商务英语）模拟试卷 7 答案与解析一、词组英译汉1 【正确答案】 跟单信用证【试题解析】 documentary 在此意为“文件，单据”；credit 意为“信誉，信用”；letter of credit 意为“信用证 ”。2 【正确答案】 分批装运【试题解析】 shipment 意为“装运”。详见教材第十一课课文注释 15。3 【正确答案】 头寸【试题解析】 专业商务术语，详见教材第八课课后注释 11。4 【正确答案】 清洁提单【试题解析】 专业商务术语，固定译法。5 【正确答案】 清算系统【试题解析】 专业商务术语，详见教材第九课课后注释 10。6 【正确答案】 保兑行【试题解析】
10、专业商务术语，详见教材第十一课课后注释 9。7 【正确答案】 有效期【试题解析】 validity 意为“有效期，有效性”；period 意为“时期”。8 【正确答案】 契约承运人【试题解析】 专业商务术语，详见第十四课单词表。9 【正确答案】 主要银行【试题解析】 leading 意为 “主要的，领导的”；bank 意为“银行”。10 【正确答案】 可撤销信用证【试题解析】 专业商务术语，固定译法。详见教材第十二课单词表。二、词组汉译英11 【正确答案】 VAT(Value Added Tax)【试题解析】 固定译法，详见教材第二十课课后注释 17。12 【正确答案】 WTO(World T
11、rade Organization)【试题解析】 “世界”译为“world”；“贸易”译为“trade”；“组织”译为“organization”。13 【正确答案】 account of cash【试题解析】 “现金”译为“cash”；“账中”译为“account”。14 【正确答案】 after-sales service【试题解析】 “售后”泽为“aftersales”；“服务” 译为“service” 。15 【正确答案】 annual budget【试题解析】 “年度”译为“annual”；“预算”译为 “budget”。16 【正确答案】 bank crisis【试题解析】 “银行
12、”译为“bank”；“危机”译为“crisis”。17 【正确答案】 brand name【试题解析】 “品牌”译为“brand name”。18 【正确答案】 business tax【试题解析】 “商业”译为“business” ；“税”译为“tax” 。19 【正确答案】 compensation trade【试题解析】 “补偿”译为“compensation”；“贸易 ”译为“trade”。20 【正确答案】 consular invoice【试题解析】 “领事的”译为“consular”；“发票”译为“invoice”。三、配对题21 【正确答案】 d22 【正确答案】 h23 【正
13、确答案】 f24 【正确答案】 i25 【正确答案】 g26 【正确答案】 j27 【正确答案】 b28 【正确答案】 e29 【正确答案】 e30 【正确答案】 a四、名词解释31 【正确答案】 A customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two or more independent nations is called a customs union【试题解析】 customs union 意为“关税同盟”。两个或多个国家缔约建立统一的关税，对内取消互相间的进口关税，实现内部商品自由流通；对外实行统一的关税，
14、这样的联盟即为关税同盟。32 【正确答案】 A multinational enterprise is a business organization which owns，controls and manages assets in more than one country，through its member companies incorporated【试题解析】 multinational enterprise 意为“跨国公司”，典型的跨国公司应该定义为一种商业组织，它通过其在不同国家的成员公司来拥有、控制和管理其在两个或更多国家的财产。33 【正确答案】 As to customs
15、 clearance，for ordinary imported goods ，the customs will sign on the shipping documents to release the goodsBut for some particular duty free goods or bonded goods，the customs still have control over it after the consignee acknowledged the receipt of shipment【试题解析】 customs clearance 意为“结关”。对一般进口货物，海
16、关在货运单据上签印放行的手续。对部分特定减免税货物、保税货物、暂时进口货物，收货人提取货物后，海关还要进行后续管理，进行核查、核销后才算办理了结关手续。34 【正确答案】 It refers to the transfer among the different units within the range and under the control of MNC【试题解析】 intra-MNE transfers 意为“跨国公司内部的转移”，指的是跨国公司组织内部不同单位之间的转移。35 【正确答案】 Incoterms are short for international rules f
17、or interpretation of trade terms，the purpose of it is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign tradeThus，the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a
18、considerable degree【试题解析】 Incoterms 为国际贸易术语解释通则，它的目的在于为外贸业务中使用最普遍的贸易术语提供一套国际解释通则。因此，可避免或尽量减少不同国家对贸易术语的不同解释所造成的不确定性。五、简答题36 【正确答案】 FOB(Free on Board)is the price term for delivery on board the ship in the named port of shipmentThe seller has totransport the contracted goods to be on board the ship re
19、nted by the buyer，in a stated date or within a certain periodThe sellerwill be responsible for the risks of the goods before they are loaded across the ship lineAnd after that the buyer will be responsible for it，and insure the goods for transportationCFR：Cost and FreightThe responsibilities for the
20、 risks of the buyer and the seller are the same as those in FOBBut the selleris responsible for renting a carrying vessel and bears the carriageCIF：Cost，Insurance and FreightThe responsibilities for the risks of the sellers are the same as those in CFRBut the seller isstill responsible for insuring
21、the shipped goods for ocean transportation and bears all the insurance costs【试题解析】 FOB，船面交货价，即“起运港船上交货价”。买卖双方交易的一种常用价格条件。卖方在约定的日期或期限内，将货物运至约定港口，装上买方洽定船舶的价格。卖方对货物的风险责任，至货物越过船舷为止。买方负责此后的风险责任，并应投保货物运输险。CFR，兼付运费货价，即“成本加运费价”。买卖双方交易的一种常用价格条件。卖方与买方的风险责任与“离岸价格”相同。但在这一条件下，卖方负责洽定承运船舶并承担运费。CIF ，兼付运费保险费货价，即“成本加
22、运费加保险费价”。买卖双方交易的一种常用价格条件。卖方除“成本加运费价”所负责任之外，还负责投保海上运输险，并承担保险费用。如买卖双方未特别约定保险的种类和金额，一般由卖方投保最基本的险别，照 CIF 价格加 10投保。37 【正确答案】 Betore deregulation，government regulatory agencies，in effect，controlled carriers rates and the service offerings that carriers made available to the publicInnovation was not encour
23、agedNow that deregulation has removed the shackles of control，bothshippers and carriers ale free to negotiate the best rate and service packages to meet the needs of both pantiesHence，both shippers and carries are free to innovate as much as their imagination allows【试题解析】 在放松管制前，政府部门的管理机构实际上控制了承运率和承
24、运人对公众提供的服务，革新得不到鼓励，现在撤销了管制规定对运输的羁绊，承运人和托运人就有自主权为彼此的需要谈判出最满意的运费和一揽子运输服务。因此，双方现在可以自由的充分发挥想象力进行革新。38 【正确答案】 For an international tumkey project，a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designingcontracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon c
25、ompletion. Such projects are often large and complexand take a long period to completePayment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basisThe latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser【试题解析】 “交钥匙”工
26、程是指一家公司与国外买方签订合同，由自己承担所有设计、建造、装配设备等，在最后完工时将工程交给买方。这种工程通常是大型复杂丁程，需要长期完成。“交钥匙”工程可以按某一固定的总价付款，也可以在实际成本上加收一定费用。后一种付款方式将原预算之上可能增加的费用转嫁给了买方。39 【正确答案】 GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of aneconomyGDP measures the market value of
27、all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economyThedifference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrateson the place where production takes place【试题解析】 GNP 指一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。GDP 计算的是在
28、一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务的价值。二者的区别在于，前者强调的是生产要素的所有权，而后者着眼于进行生产的地方。六、句子英译汉40 【正确答案】 “ 合资企业 ”这一术语通常是用来泛指本国和外国的投资者为生产产品或进行其他经营活动而共同兴办新的企业的安排。在大多数情况下，投资者会在企业中追逐最大利益以维持其对企业经营的控制和在企业最终利润中的应得份额。合资各方对经营的控制程度的协商可能围绕各方准备投入合资企业的资本或其他资产的数额进行。协商要实现的最终的结果是成立一个合资企业，该合资企业要能够保证各方在企业的政策和管理以及企业损益中得到双方所商定的份额。【试题解析】 本段翻译并
29、不难，考生通过对教材的学习，可以翻译出这段内容。翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：term：术语；arrangement ：安排；domestic：国内的；investor：投资者；corporation：合作；for the purpose of：为了；majority interest：最大利益；optimize ：维持； share：份额；eventual profit：最终利润； negotiation：协商；mutually：共同的；management：管理；profit：利润，利益； loss：损失。41 【正确答案】 国际开发协会成立于 1960 年，它与国际复兴开发银行
30、的目的一样，用于提供援助。但它主要贷款给相对较贫穷的发展中国家，其贷款条件对贷款国家的国际收支的影响不像复兴开发银行贷款产生的影响那么大。开发协会提供软贷款，即得不到偿还的风险相当大的贷款。【试题解析】 本段为教材第十八课课文原文，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：International Development Association：国际开发协会；assistance ：帮助，援助；IBRD：国际复兴开发银行；developing countries ：发展中国家；balance of payment：国际收支；soft loans：软贷款；risk：风险。七、句子汉译英42 【正
31、确答案】 In a broad sense，transportation is defined as the movement of freight and passengers from one location to another【试题解析】 本句为教材第十四课课文原句，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：广义：broad sense；运输：transportation ；定义：define；货物：freight；乘客：passenger。43 【正确答案】 Contribution is a sub-principle which is associated with indemn
32、ity【试题解析】 本句为教材第十六课课文原句，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：损失费用分摊原则：contribution：赔偿：indemnity；辅助原则：sub-principle。44 【正确答案】 The IBRD established in 1945，is owned by the governments of 180 member countries【试题解析】 本句为教材第十八课课文原句，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：国际复兴开发银行：IBRD；成立：establish；拥有：own；成员国：member countries。45 【正确答案】 Contro
33、lling costs is the first major motivation for engaging in FDI【试题解析】 本句为教材第十九课课文原句，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：控制成本：controlling cost；动机：motivation；对外直接投资：FDI 。46 【正确答案】 Both IBRD and IMF are institutions under the United Nations and both are headquartered at Washington DC【试题解析】 本句为教材第十八课课文原句，翻译时注意以下商务术语和重要单词及短语：联合国：the United Nations；机构：institution；华盛顿：Washington DC。
