(人教通用)2019年中考物理一轮复习第14章内能的利用基础知识排查.docx

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1第十四章内能的利用考点一:热机1. 把_某种燃料在完全燃烧时所放出的热量叫做这种燃料的热值.热值的单位有_和_ _.2. 热值是燃料的一种性质,同一种燃料,其热值相同,它与燃料的质量、是否燃烧等无关.燃料燃烧放出热量的计算公式:_或_.3. 热机工作时,由四个冲程组成,分别是_、_、_ _、_.在热机的一个工作循 环中,机械能转化成内能的是 _冲程,是内能转化为机械能的是_冲程.在一个工作循环中,活塞来回往复_次,曲轴转动_周,燃气对外做功_次.考点二:热机的效率4. 燃料的热效 率:被有效利用的热量与燃料完全燃烧放出的热量的比值.用公式表示为_.考点三:能量的转化 和守恒5 . 能量守恒定律:能量既不会凭空消灭,也不会凭空 产生,它只会从一种形_为其他形式,或者从一个物体_到其他物体,而在这两个过程中,能量的总量_.6. 能量的转化和转移是有_ _的. 7. 永动机是不可能做成的,违反了 . 8. 汽 车在刹车过程中,因摩擦将_能转化为地面 、轮胎和空气的_.转化后,这些能将无法再自动转化为使汽车行驶所需要的能量,这种现象说明能量的转化具有_性.2参考答案1.1 kg J/kg J/m32.Q 放 =mq Q 放 =Vq3.吸气冲程 压缩冲程 做功冲程 排气冲程 压缩 做 功 两 两 一4.有总5.转化 转移 保持不变6.方向7. 能量守恒定 律8.机械 内能 方向

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