(人教通用)2019年中考物理一轮复习第9章压强基础知识排查.docx

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1、1第九章压强考点一:压力与压强1作用在物体表面上的力叫压力压力的方向总是于物体表面,并指向被压物体压力的作用点在被压物体的表面2影响压力作用效果的因素:(1) ;(2) 3压强是表示压力的物理量物体所受的大小与之比叫做压强,它在数值上等于物体所受的压力用公式表示,压强的单位是4根据 p 可知,减小(或增大)压强 有三种方法:FS(1)当压力 F 一定时,需 (或减小)受力面积 S;(2)当受力面积 S 一定时,需 (或增大)压力 F;(3)在条件允许的情况下,可以同时 (或增大)压力 F 和(或减小)受力面积 S.考点二:液体的压强5由于液体受到,对容器底有压强;又由于液体具有,对容器侧壁有压

2、强6液体压强的规律:(1)液体内部向都有压强;(2)在 同一深度,液体向各个 方向的压强;(3)在同一液体中,深度越大,液体压强;(4)液体的压强还与有关,在深度相同时,液体密度越大,液体压强7液体压强的计算公式:P ,从公式可以看出,液体压强只跟液体的和有关,而与液体的体积、重力及盛装液体的容器形状无关8上端 ,下端的容器叫做连通器连通器内液体的密度相同且不流动时,各容器中的液面总是的考点三:大气压强9大气对浸在其中 的物体的压强叫做大气压强简称 或气压最早测量大气压的 实验是 实验101 个标准大气压能够支持 mm 高的水银柱,1 个标准大气压Pa.11 大气压随高度的增加而 ,大气压的大

3、小还与季节和天气有关气压减小,水的沸点 2;气压增大,水的沸点 12温度不变时,一定质量的气体的体积越小,压强;体积越大,压强考点四:流体压强与流速的关系13气体和液体都是 流体中,流速越大的位置,压强越 14飞机的升力:飞机机翼的 形状像鸟的翅膀,下 方 上方 ,当气流迎面吹来时,在相同时间内上方气流经过的路程比下方气流 ,因此上方气流速度 ,压强 ,下方气流速度 ,压强 ,机翼的上下表面产生了压强差,从而产生向上的升力3参考答案1.垂直垂直2.受力面积 压力大小3.作用效果压力受力面积单位面积 FPS Pa 4.(1)增大(2)减小(3)减小增大5.重力流动性6.(1)各个方向(2)相等(3)越大(4)密度越大7.gh 密度深度8.开口连通相平9.大气压托里拆利10.760 1.01310511.减小降低升高12. 越大越小13.流体小14.平凸长大小小大

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