1、1专题一 单项填空考试大纲 要求 考纲解读普通高中英语课程标准(实验)明确指出：高中学生应该学习和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题等五个方面的内容(教育部)。考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。单项填空强调在语境中理解词汇的意思。侧重对词汇和词组的考查，考点为名词性从句、动词、动词词组、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、情景交际等，贴近生活。江苏高考单项填空近五年考查分布明细统计动词 从句考点年份 冠词名词代词形容词和副词数词和主谓一致介词和介词短语动词和动词短语情态动词时态和语态非谓语动词定语从句名词性从句状语从句特殊句式虚拟语气情景交际2018 0 1 0 1 0 1
2、2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 22017 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 22016 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 22015 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 22014 0 1 1 2 0 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1从上面的考情统计可以看出，2018 年江苏高考单项填空的考点和往年类似，但涉及的语境更丰富，重点考查基础语法运用、词汇辨析、情景交际用语及习语。其中语法考查内容涵盖了三大从句、非谓语动词、时态和语态及虚拟语气等。221.By boat is the only way to
3、get here, which is _ we arrived.A.where B.whenC.why D.how答案 D 考查表语从句。 根据句中的 By boat可知，此处应用 how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。22.Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A.indicate B.investigateC.imitate D.innovate答案 C 考查动词。句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。
4、indicate“暗示” ；investigate“调查” ；innovate“创新” 。23.Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A.that B.whereC.which D.when答案 B 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 area，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用 where，相当于 in which。24.Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners per
5、mission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might答案 B 考查情态动词。句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should“竟然” ，符合句意。25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A.calls for B.calls on3C.calls off D.calls up答案 A 考查短语动词。 句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。cal
6、l for“需要”符合句意。call on“号召，拜访” ；call off“取消” ；call up“使回忆起” 。26.Around 13，500 new jobs were created during the period，_ the expected number of 12，000 held by market analysts.A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：这段时间大约 13 500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来，超过了市场分析人士预计的 12 000个。exceed 与主语是逻辑
7、上的主谓关系。此处用现在分词作状语表示结果，故选 D。27.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had答案 A 考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此 wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟，故选择 had。28.You know what? Ive g
8、ot a New Year concert ticket.Oh，_ Youre kidding.A.so what? B.go ahead.C.come on. D.what for?答案 C 考查交际用语。从对话中的“Youre kidding”可知此处表示对上一句的内容感到难以置信，因此选择 come on，意思是“别逗了，算了吧” 。so what“那又怎么样” ，go ahead“开始做吧” ，what for“为何” 。29._ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivate
9、d after one or two nights.A.Once B.UnlessC.If D.When答案 B 考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你睡眠好，否则你一两个夜晚后就不能集中注意力，不能计划，也不能保持积极性。unless“除非”符合句意。430.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years.A.had been carried out B.would be carried outC.is being carried out D.has been c
10、arried out答案 A 考查时态。本句中主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句中应该使用过去时态中的某种时态；根据句中的时间状语 in the past two years可知，应该使用完成时态。因此空处应用过去完成时。31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A.have developed B.had developedC.will have developed D.develo
11、ped答案 C 考查将来完成时。句意：在 2025年我们有望不再互相发邮件，因为到那时候我们将已经开发了更加便利的电子沟通工具了。根据句中的时间状语 2025与 by then可知，空处应用将来完成时。32.Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A.assignment B.associationC.acquisition D.assumption答案 D 考查名词。根据句中的 actually可知选择 assumption，表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你
12、的行为建立在假设之上” 。assignment“任务，作业” ；association“协会，团体，联系，联想” ；acquisition“获得，习得” 。33.Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A.in line with B.in reply toC.in return for D.in honour of答案 A 考查介词短语。句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与紧密相连”符合句
13、意。in reply to“答复” ；in return for“作为对的回报” ；in honour of“为了纪念，为向表示敬意” 。34.Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _ to invest in 5sufficient training for his staff.A.keen B.reluctantC.anxious D.ready答案 B 考查形容词。句意：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”符合句意。35.What happened? You
14、r boss seems to _.Didnt you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?A.be over the moon B.laugh his head offC.be all ears D.fly off the handle答案 D 考查习语。根据对话内容可知秘书向新闻界泄露了机密的报告，因此老板很生气，故选择 fly off the handle“大发雷霆” 。be over the moon“欣喜若狂” ；laugh his head off“大笑不止” ；be all ears“全神贯注地听” 。
15、21.Many Chinese brands，_their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing答案 A brands 是逻辑主语，和 develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选 A。22._not for the support of the teachers，the st
16、udent could not overcome her difficulty.A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it答案 B 虚拟语气中，be 动词统一用 were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把 if省略，同时把 were/should/had提前，即 Were/Should/Had I.，故选 B。23.Located_the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.A.why B.when C.which D.where6答案 D
17、be located in地点名词，位于，where 引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选 D。24.The publication of Great Expectations，which_both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.A.is B.are C.was D.were答案 C 本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 Great Expectations是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strength
18、ened”可知， “被广泛阅读和得到高度评价”发生在过去，故选 C。25.Working with the medical team in Africa has_the best in her as a doctor.A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案 B hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；bring out使显现，阐明，出版；pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；give out 用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为一名医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选
19、B。26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of_it used to charge.A.that B.which C.what D.how答案 C “half of _ it used to charge”是$20 的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge后面缺少宾语，所以用 what来引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作宾语，故选 C。27.He hurried home，never o
20、nce looking back to see if he_.A.was being followed B.was followingC.had been followed D.followed答案 A 分析句子成分可知，he 和 follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除 B、D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪” ，故用过去进行时最合适，7故选 A。28.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.which B
21、.its C.whose D.whom答案 C 先行词是“the World Food Programme”， “世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose 在定语从句中作定语，限定 purposes，故选 C。29.Only five years after Steve Jobs death，smart-phones defeated_PCs in sales.A.controversial B.contradictoryC.confidential D.conventional答案 D A.controversial 有争议的；B.contradictory 对立的，相互矛盾的；C.confi
22、dential机密的，秘密的；D.conventional 传统的。智能手机在销量上打败了传统的个人电脑，故选 D。30.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help_your year ahead.A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen答案 A A.shape 塑造，决定的形成，影响的发展；B.switch 转变，交换，调班；C.stretch 拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D.sharpen 提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。
23、故选 A。31.Hes been informed that he_for the scholarship because of his academic background.A.hasnt qualified B.hadnt qualifiedC.doesnt qualify D.wasnt qualifying答案 C 句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选 C。32.Determining where we are_our surroundings rem
24、ains an essential skill for our survival.8A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案 D A.in contrast to对比，截然不同；B.in defense of为辩护；C.in face of面对；D.in relation to与有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选 D。33.What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?Its nothing.Just something_.A.as
25、clear as dayB.off the top of my headC.under my noseD.beyond my wildest dreams答案 B A.as clear as day显而易见，容易理解；B.off the top of my head没有考虑；C.under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉)；D.beyond my wildest dreams远远出乎意料，做梦都没有想到。由句意可知选 B。34.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incide
26、nts.But_explanations are hard to find.A.alternative B.aggressiveC.ambiguous D.apparent答案 A A.alternative 可供替代的；B.aggressive 好斗的，有进取心的；C.ambiguous 有野心的，耗时的；D.apparent 显而易见的。句意：恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是难以找到其他解释。故选 A。35.Going to watch the Womens Volleyball Match on Wednesday?_！Will you go with me?A.You there
27、 B.You betC.You got me D.You know better答案 B A.You there说你呢(用于引起注意)；B.You bet的确；当然；C.You got me你把我问住了；D.You know better 不至于糊涂到由“Will you go with me？”可知，“我”会去看女子排球，答语应该是肯定的，故选 B。921.It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why B.what C.as D.that答案 D 句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来
28、说一切皆有可能。此句中 It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故 D项正确。22.More efforts，as reported，_ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A.are made B.will be madeC.are being made D.have been made答案 B 本句的时间状语 in the years ahead “在将来的几年”和一般将来时连用，且 efforts与动词 make构成被动关系，所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故 B项正确。23.Many
29、 young people，most _ were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of which B.of themC.of whom D.of those答案 C 定语从句的先行词是 Many young people，关系代词 whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词 of的宾语。故 C项正确。24.Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full，definitely.A.rec
30、ipe B.record C.range D.receipt答案 A recipe 秘诀，食谱，药方；record 记录；range 范围；receipt 收据，收条。根据句意可知 A项“秘诀”符合题意。25.He did not _ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案 C approach 靠近，接近；wrestle 摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise 妥协；和10解；让步
31、；communicate 交流，沟通。根据句意可知 C项正确。26._ some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.A.Because B.IfC.Unless D.While答案 D because 因为；if 如果；unless 除非；while 尽管；然而；当时；根据句意可知此处表转折，所以使用 while “尽管” 。故 D项正确。27.If it _ for his invitation the other day，I should not be h
32、ere now.A.had not been B.should not beC.were not to be D.should not have been答案 A 句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。本句是虚拟语气。故 A项正确。28.In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message _ within the work.A.to hide B.hiddenC.hiding D.being hidden答案 B a secret message与动词 hide为被动关系，所以填过去分词 hidde
33、n，分词短语相当于定语从句 that is hidden within the work。A、C 项表示主动含义，D 项表示正在进行，与语境不符。故 B项正确。29.Dashan，who _ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A.will be learning B.is learningC.had been learning D.has been learning答案 D 本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的
34、相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故 D项正确。30.Many businesses started up by college students have _ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A.fallen off B.taken offC.turned off D.left off答案 B fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave 11off停止，中断；根据句意可知 B项正确。31.His comprehensiv
35、e surveys have provided the most _ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary答案 A explicit 明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous 模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original 原始的，最初的；arbitrary 任意的，专制的。故 A项正确。32.Only those who have a lot in common can get along well._.Opposites sometimes
36、do attract.A.I hope not B.I think soC.I appreciate that D.I beg to differ答案 D I hope not我可不希望这样；I think so我认为如此；I appreciate that我很感激；I beg to differ恕我不能同意。由答语后句 Opposites sometimes do attract.(意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。)可知不同意对方所说的话。故 D项符合语境。33.Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunity to
37、 join sports teams.A.gain admission to B.keep track ofC.take advantage of D.give rise to答案 C gain admission to 获准进入；keep track of 记录；take advantage of 利用；give rise to引起；根据句意可知 C项正确。34.Not until recently _ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.they had encouraged B.had th
38、ey encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged答案 C 句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当 not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故 C项正确。35.Jack still cant help being anxious about his job interview.Lack of self-confidence is his _，I am afraid.A.Achilles heel B.childs playC.green fingers D.last straw12答案 A Achilles heel唯一的致命的弱点；childs play容易做的事情，轻而易举的事情；green fingers搞园艺的才能；last straw最后一根稻草。句意：“杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。 ”“恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱点。 ”根据句意可知 A项正确。
