1、1专题三 阅读理解考试大纲 要求 考纲解读要求考生阅读 4 篇短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等题型。高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力” ，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推
2、理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。江苏高考阅读理解近五年考情分布明细统计年份内容 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014记叙文 0 0 1 0 0议论文 1 1 0 2 1应用文 1 1 1 1 1体裁说明文 2 2 2 1 2细节理解题 7 7 8 5 8推理判断题 6 6 3 7 6主旨大意题 2 0 3 2 1题型词义猜测题 1 2 1 1 0总结近几年江苏高考阅读理解可知，选材上更注重体现现实生活。所选文章涉及话题广，2蕴涵丰富的人文、科普知识，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、实用性等特点和鲜明的时
3、代特色。文章选材丰富多样，注重考查考生在不同的语言背景下灵活运用英语语言知识分析问题和解决问题的能力。设题方式仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，符合考试大纲要求，推理判断题的比重有所加大。总体来说，语篇的难易度呈现层次性，区分度较高，高分难得，有利于高考选拔。AThe Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028 211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.orgEntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd Street HoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thurs
4、day 10：00-17：30Friday and Saturday 10：00-21：00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission3$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students，includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adu
5、lt.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/childrens programs are free with admission.Ask about todays activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is a br
6、anch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours：Open 7 days a week.March-October
7、10：00-17：15November-February 10：00-16：45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了纽约大都会艺术博物馆的参观须知。56.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?4A.$12. B.$37. C.$50. D.$62.答案 C 细节理解题。根据题意并结合 Admission 部分中的“$25.00 recommended for
8、 adults”“free for children under 12 with an adult”可知，他们应付两个成年人的门票费用。故选 C。57.The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that _.A.it opens all the year roundB.its collections date from the Middle AgesC.it has a modern European-style gardenD.it sells excellent European glass co
9、llections答案 B 细节理解题。根据 The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 部分的前两句可知它吸引人的地方在于它的收藏品可追溯到中世纪，故选 B。BIn the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consomm.Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, w
10、hich helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta (意大利面食) when their plates matched their foo
11、d.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldnt tell how much theyd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,
12、but were none_the_wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to st
13、ay and order that extra 5round: put on some Mozart (莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or
14、 no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad” tables, crowding, high pricesdont necessarily.Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door, sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned aboutbad
15、 tables”， given that theyre profitable.As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了影响餐饮业效益的几个因素。58.The underlined phrase “
16、none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _.A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided答案 A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，在餐馆里的灯光昏暗的情况下，顾客判断不出自己吃了多少食物，即使吃多了也不会觉得饱，因为他们意识不到自己比平时吃得多。
17、故答案为 A。59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.答案 A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart.diners spent more”可知，要想让顾客在餐馆多
18、停留、多消费，餐馆可以播放古典音乐，故 A 项符合题意。660.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案 D 段落大意题。根据最后一段的首句可知，人们认为的一些会阻止顾客消费的因素都不一定会是如此；下文围绕此进行了说明。故本题答案为 D 项。
19、CIf you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes i
20、n the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC，美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the indust
21、ry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement ove
22、r harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool came out, small farmers couldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now, with the combination of a better price point and a gene
23、rally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unat
24、tainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 72013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenshipthe greatest barrier to building a farm of thei
25、r own.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more su
26、stainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next gene
27、ration of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.【语篇解读】 本文呈现了美国小农场的特点及其目前发展面临的问题。61.The author mentions car industry, at the beginning of the passage to introduce _.A.the progress made in car industryB.a special fea
28、ture of agricultureC.a trend of development in agricultureD.the importance of investing in car industry答案 B 推理判断题。文章开头作者提到 Mom-and-pop 汽车制造商不可能打败最大的汽车公司，以此为例引出文章的主题，随后介绍了美国农业的特点，故选 B。62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are necessa
29、ry.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.答案 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的例子和该段中的“suddenly making it possible 8for the little guys to compete with large farms of California”可知，小农场主可以获得比大农场主更多的好处。
30、故选 D。63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To win old farmers support.答案 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One crucial factor.for many new farmers”可知，很多新农场主无法获得他们自己的土地，这是他们的困难所在。故选 C。64.What should farmers do for a more
31、 sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Invest more to improve technology.答案 A 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段中的“We at the NYFC need broad support.all backgrounds”可知，除了需要 NYFC 的支持，农场主还需要获得其他的帮助。故选 A。DChildren as young as ten are
32、becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”.Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.The report into
33、youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Childrens Commissioner (专员) Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps
34、were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friendsand friends of 9friendsto demand “likes” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt thei
35、r friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts.However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”， suggesting a “
36、need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due t
37、o the constant demands of social media”.She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school.But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”As their world expand
38、ed, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connectif you go offline，will you
39、miss something, will you miss out，will you show that you dont care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Childrens Commissioner for Englands studyLife in Likesfound that children
40、 as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the researchinvolving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary schoolat age 11children were already f
41、ar 10more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人) or more brillian
42、t friends online.The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the dayespecially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Childrens Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield (雷区) the
43、y faced online.And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”.They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of childrens charity Barnardos, said: “It
44、s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.“Its also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，内容是关于社交媒体对孩子的影响的。65.Why did so
45、me secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.答案 B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“social media firms.they faced online”可
46、知，一些中学生感到压力大的原因是他们没有准备好应对情感风险。故选 B 项。66.Some social app companies were to blame because _.A.they didnt adequately check their users registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract more youngstersC.they encouraged youngsters to post more photosD.they didnt stop youngsters from staying up late11答案
47、 A 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Some social apps.at least 13”可知，据说一些社交媒体应用软件要求其用户至少 13 岁，然而它们很受儿童(13 岁以下)欢迎，由此可推知，这些社交媒体软件公司应该受责备的原因是它们没有充分检查用户的注册信息。67.Childrens comparing themselves to others online may lead to _.A.less friendliness to each otherB.lower self-identity and confidenceC.an increase in online cheatingD
48、.a stronger desire to stay online答案 B 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“children compared themselves.to develop themselves”可知，儿童在网络上拿自己和他人对比可能导致他们有较低的自我认同和更不自信。故选 B 项。68.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to _.A.circulate their posts quicklyB.know the qualities of their postsC.use mo
49、bile phones for playD.get more public approval答案 D 推理判断题。根据倒数第六段中的“as they headed.increasingly anxious online”和倒数第五段“By the time .the report found”可推知，孩子越大，就越渴望得到更多的公共认同。故选 D 项。69.What should parents do to solve the problem?A.Communicate more with secondary schools.B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.C.Keep track of childrens use of social media.D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.答案 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Its also hugely important for parents to know whic
