1、第三讲 信息概括题,这类题目难度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。此类题目主要分为两种类型： (1)总结性词汇。设题大多数情况下是概括文章的标题、段落大意、事件过程、文章的目的、意义以及得出的结论等。,典例1 (2017江苏高考)Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the worlds popula
2、tion live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nat
3、ions)，but youd be wrong.Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)_of population.,分析 第一步：根据题干大意可定位到文章第二段。 第二步：根据第二段内容，特别是
4、“almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate”和“Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.”可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，规模”，符合文意。 第三步：确定答案为size/sca
5、le。,典例2 (2017江苏高考)In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.I
6、n total，25% of Indias working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated. Leaving aside the birth rate issue，Indias economy may take off when the country achieves (78)_of educational opportunity.,分析：第一步：根据题干中的“Indias economy”以及“ed
7、ucational”，可以定位到文章第五段。 第二步：根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。 第三步：确定答案为equality。,知识链接1 信息概括常用词,1.原因与结果：reason (for)，result；cause (of)，consequence 2.异同点与优缺点：difference，similarity; advantage，disadvantage 3.功能：function 4.观点与态度：opinion，view (on/about)，viewpoint，idea; a
8、ttitude (to/towards) 5.评论与评价：comment (on)，remark (on/upon)，assessment 6.方式与方法：means，way，method (of); solution，approach (to doing sth)；(take) measures (to do sth) 7.目的：purpose，aim，goal,8.积极与消极：positive，negative 9.建议：advice，suggestion，tip 10.概括与总结：summary，conclusion 11.特点：feature，characteristic 12.种类：
9、kind，type，category，class 13.精神上与身体上：mentally，physically 14.影响：influence，impact，effect (on) 15.情形，状况：situation，condition 16.方面与项目条款：aspect，item 17.材料：materials,18.知识与消息：knowledge，information 19.日程计划：schedule，agenda 20.百分比：percentage 21.性别：sex 22.年龄：age 23.(不)熟悉：familiar/unfamiliar 24.个人，个人的：individua
10、l 25.细节：description，detail 26.文化：culture 27.责任：(take) responsibility,28.贡献：(make) contributions (to) 29.重要：value，importance，significance 30.比较：contrast，comparison 31.时期：period，time 32.存在：existence，exist 33.人口：population 34.天气与气候：weather，climate 35.位置：location 36.主题：theme,37.背景：setting，background 38.情节：plot 39.高潮：climax 40.反对者与支持者：opponent，supporter,知识链接2 同义替换常考词汇,
