1、Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars,-2-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【识记阅读单词】 1.atom n. 原子 2.billion pron.锁链,-3-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,9.multiply vi.坠落 16.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船,-4-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【拼写高频单词】 1. system n.系统;体系;制度 2. theory n.学说;理论 3. unlike prep.不同;不像
2、4. thus adv.因此;于是 5. puzzle n.谜;难题 vt.虔诚的,-5-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,3. violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 violently adv.强烈地 violence n.暴力 4. harmful adj.有害的 harm n.伤害;危害 harm vt.伤害;危害 harmless adj.无害的 5. exist vi.存在;生存 existence n.存在;生活(方式) 6. biology n.生物学 biologist n.生物学家 7. gentle adj.温和的;文雅的 gen
3、tly adv.轻轻地;温柔地,温和地 8. physicist n.物理学家 physics n.物理学 physical adj.物理的;物理学的 9. float vi.(使)漂浮 float n.漂浮物,-6-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.harmful和harm用法扫描 do harm to sb./do sb.harm 对某人有害 be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in doing sth./It does no harm to do sth.做某事并无害处(反而可能带来某些好处
4、)。 2.“良好性格”的描写 gentle温和的 easy-going随和的 outgoing外向的 generous慷慨的,-7-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,3.“太空”单词集锦 astronomer n.天文学家 astronomy n.天文学 astronaut n.宇航员 satellite n.卫星 orbit n.轨道 universe n.宇宙 gravity n.万有引力 planet n.行星 spaceship n.宇宙飞船 atmosphere n.大气层,-8-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,4
5、.由thus想到的 therefore因此 however然而 still仍然 besides此外;而且 moreover 而且;此外 meanwhile同时,其间 otherwise否则;另外;在其他方面,-9-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【识记】 1.solar system 太阳系 2.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 3.lay eggs 下蛋 4.give birth to 产生;分娩 5.block out 挡住(光线) 6.get the hang of 精通;掌握 7.watch out for 密切注意;当心;提防 8.in al
6、l directions 向四面八方,-10-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,【默写】 1.及时;终于 in time 2.轮到某人;接着 in ones turn 3.阻止;制止 prevent.from 4.既然 now that 5.突发;爆发 break out 6.感到高兴;感到振奋 cheer up,-11-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.cheer常用短语 cheer on向欢呼,为鼓劲加油 cheer up(使)高兴起来,(使)振奋起来 Cheers!干杯! 2.“小心;当心”高频短语 be caref
7、ul小心 watch out for小心;当心 look out当心 take care小心,-12-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,3.birth用法小结 give birth to生,引起,产生 at birth在出生时 by birth在血统上 from birth自出生以来,-13-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make
8、 the earths atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。 考点提炼be to do sth.“计划干某事,注定干某事”。 2.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。 考点提炼“make it+ adj.+for sb./sth.+to do sth.”结构中,it是形式宾语,代替不定式结构。,-14-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,3
9、.We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着,随着地球的引力增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 考点提炼第一个as引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”;第二个as也引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”。,-15-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,1.约翰总是乐于帮助别人,这就注定了他会受欢迎。 John is always ready to help others,which is to make hi
10、m very popular. 2.他们团结协作,这就使得他们可能在三小时内完成这项工作。 They work together,which makes it possible for them to finish the work within three hours. 3.我一边写,笔一边颤抖。 My pen trembles as I write.,-16-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,No one 1. knows (know)exactly how the earth began.According to a 2. widely (wide)ac
11、cepted theory,the universe began with a “Big Bang”,3. which exploded loudly and produced water vapour and many 4. gases (gas)making the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down,water appeared and stayed 5. on the surface.It was the presence of water that allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases
12、 and acids into the oceans and seas,which made 6. it possible for life to develop.First,the appearance of small plants encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Next,green plants began to grow on land,7. followed (follow)by land animals.So reptiles appeared for the fi
13、rst time.,-17-,.单词,.短语,.句式,.语篇填空,积累串记,联想归纳,仿造句子,Later,dinosaurs developed.However,they suddenly disappeared.After that,mammals came into being.Finally,humans 8. appeared (appear)and spread all over the earth.However,they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,9. making (make)the ear
14、th too hot to live on.So,whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10. whether this problem can be solved.,-18-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,1.in time及时;迟早;总有一天 【教材原句】They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to
15、 make the earths atmosphere. 最终产生了二氧化碳,氮气,水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。 领悟高考究考法 用in time或on time填空 (1)If you cant arrive there on time,you should warn them. 如果你不能按时到达,应该预先通知他们。 (2)Im just so glad I was there in time to help my son.(2018全国,完形填空) 我很高兴我能及时赶到那里帮助我的儿子。,-19-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,单句写作 (3)如果坚持
16、下去,总有一天你会成功的。 If you keep on,you will succeed in time. 联想拓展记考点 (1)at times 有时;偶尔;不时 (2)on time准时;按时 (3)in no time 立即;马上 (4)at one time 曾经;一度 (5)at no time 从不;决不 (6)all the time 一直;始终 (7)at a time 一次;每次,-20-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,2.exist vi.存在,生存 【教材原句】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth fo
17、r more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 派生existence n.存在,生存 existent adj.存在的,现存的 领悟高考究考法 翻译句子 (1)It exists in milk in great amount.(2016四川,阅读理解D) 它大量存在于牛奶中。 (2)Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.(2016北京,完形填空) 然而,喷气式飞机和大卡车还不存在。,-21-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,用exist的适当形式填空 (3)Ther
18、e exist different opinions on this question. 对于这个问题存在着不同的意见。 (4)The change endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds. 这种变化威胁到了某些动物和鸟的生存。 (5)If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldnt exist . 如果人们过正常的生活,这些咖啡店就不会存在。 联想拓展记考点 (1)There exists/existed.某地存在有 (2)exist on靠为生 (3)come into
19、existence开始存在,成立 (4)bring.into existence 使发生,产生,-22-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,3.in ones turn轮到某人;接着 【教材原句】Thus they have,in their turn,become the most important animals on the planet. 于是,他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。 领悟高考究考法 完成句子 (1)When its in my turn ,Im too excited to speak. 当轮到我时,我太兴奋以至于讲不出话来了。 (2)He cooke
20、d the meal in his turn this week. 本周轮到他做饭了。,-23-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展记考点 (1)in turn 轮流地;挨个;依次;反过来 (2)out of turn 不依顺序地 (3)take turns 依次;轮班;轮流 (4)by turns 轮流地;交替地,-24-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,4.prevent.from doing sth.阻止做某事 【教材原句】They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,whi
21、ch prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。 领悟高考究考法 介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them from turning brown.(2018全国,阅读理解B) 如果你喜欢,往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁可以防止香蕉变成褐色。 (2)Sure,I could have asked her,but som
22、ething prevented me from doing (do)so.(2017天津,阅读理解B) 当然,我本应该问她,但是一些事情阻止了我这样做。,-25-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展记考点 prevent sb.from doing sth.的同义短语有stop sb.from doing sth.和keep sb.from doing sth.。但是需要注意的是:在主动语态中,prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.中的from可以省略,但keep sb.from doing sth.中的from则不能省略;在被动语态中,三个结构
23、中的from都不能省略。 In order to keep the children from swimming in the sea,he keeps them staying at home all day. 为了不让孩子们去海里游泳,他把孩子们整天关在家里。,-26-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,5.pull n.牵引力 【教材原句】As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the ear
24、ths gravity.随着火箭徐徐升空,我们努力逃离地球的引力从而使得我们被重重地向后推在座位上。 领悟高考究考法 用适当的介词或者副词填空 (1)Larry pulled over,set the brake and got hold of the fire extinguisher.(2016全国,完形填空) Larry把车停到路边,拉了手刹,拿起灭火器帮忙灭火。,-27-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,(2)On a family car trip,her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter,as a surpris
25、e for her niece.(2016四川,完形填空) 在一次家庭自驾游途中,她的姑妈Dede掏出一本哈利波特作为给侄女的惊喜。 (3)Hearing her coughing bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it all.(2016天津,完形填空) 一天晚上听到她痛苦地咳嗽,我决定不让她去训练了。 (4)Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was a
26、bout to throw them away.(2017浙江,语篇填空) 去年十月,Lena Pahlsson在瑞典莫拉照顾自己的花园,她拔了一把胡萝卜并且正准备把它们扔掉。,-28-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,翻译句子 (5)After hours in the cold and wet,he reached inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系)the driver.(2018北京,完形填空) 在寒冷潮湿的天气中等了几个小时后,他把手伸进车窗里,将
27、钱包拽了出来,希望能在其中找到身份证件之类的东西,以便联系司机。 (6)Would you mind giving the bell a pull? 不介意的话,请拉一下铃好吗?,-29-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展记考点 (1)pull down 拆除,摧毁(建筑物) (2)pull in(火车)进站停靠 (3)pull off 驶向路边短暂停车;完成 (4)pull up 停止 (5)pull out(火车)出站;驶离路边 (6)pull over 向路边停靠(或让车),-30-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,6.break out(战争、火
28、灾等)突然发生;爆发 【教材原句】We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 领悟高考究考法 完成句子 (1)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out .(20176浙江,完形填空) 战争爆发时,她的朋友都过来帮她。 单句写作 (2)夜间突然发生了火灾。 Fire broke out during the night
29、.,-31-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展记考点 (1)break away from脱离;摆脱;甩掉 (2)break down毁掉;把分解;(身体)垮下来;抛锚 (3)break in非法闯入;打断;插嘴 (4)break into破门而入;非法闯入 (5)break off折断;中断;突然停止 (6)break through突围;突破 (7)break up分解;打碎;驱散;结束,-32-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,7.now that既然;由于 【教材原句】“Oh dear,”I cried,“walking does need a
30、bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” 领悟高考究考法 诵读或翻译句子,体会黑体部分含义 (1)Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider re-arranging your morning activities.(2017全国,七选五) 既然你知道你为什么醒来,那就重新安排一下你早晨的活动。 (2)Now that the kids have left home,we have got a lot of extra
31、space. 孩子们都离开家了,我们住着就更宽绰了。,-33-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,3,4,5,6,1,7,联想拓展记考点 常用的引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,considering等。 Considering it is eight oclock,well wait no longer. 由于已经八点了,我们不再等了。,-34-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,1.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能发展了。 分
32、析提炼究考法 “make+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语(宾语从句或动词不定式等)”是固定句式。宾语补足语可以由形容词、名词、分词等充当。常用于此结构的动词还有think,feel,find,consider,take等。,-35-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法用考点 翻译句子 (1)Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become more a vehicle for i
33、ntolerance than integration.(20176浙江,阅读理解C) 一些移民支持者担心,严重的金融危机使得本国人很难保住工作,这样的措施将成为一种不包容的工具,而不是融合。 (2)In his introduction,he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned.(2018全国,完形填空) 在介绍时,他清楚地表明我们需要努力方能挣得学分。,-36-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,2.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as f
34、ar as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。 分析提炼究考法 twice as far as.是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常用的倍数表达法有: (1)A+be+倍数+as+ adj./adv.原级+as+B (2)A+be+倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+than+B (3)A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/weight/length.)+of B,-37-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,领悟考法用考点 完成句子 (1)Jessica devoted thr
35、ee times as much time and energy as she did before,so I believe she will succeed this time. 杰西卡付出的是以前的时间和精力的三倍,所以我相信她这次能成功。 (2)Those given night milk contained 10 times the amount of melatonin.(2016四川,阅读理解D) 给的那些“夜间牛奶”包含了10倍的褪黑素量。,-38-,核心词汇,核心句式,2,1,一句多译 (3)据报道,最近发现了一颗行星,它几乎是地球的三倍大。 It is reported t
36、hat a new planet has been discovered recently,which is almost three times as large as the earth. It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently,which is almost three times bigger than the earth. It is reported that a new planet has been discovered recently,which is almost three times
37、the size of the earth.,-39-,.单句填空 1.After she closed the door with violence ,she felt her heart beat violently .(violent) 2.She got interested in it and decided to be a biologist (biology). 3.Eating too many desserts can be harmful (harm) to your teeth. 4.When did the world come into existence (exis
38、t)? 5.WhatI would like to stress is that it is looking for new members at this moment.(2018天津,书面表达) 6.The umbrella was in perfect condition, considering (consider)how old it was. 7.The male and female birds take turns (turn)in sitting on the eggs.,-40-,8. At one time waste water was put into rivers
39、and lakes,which were badly polluted. 9.His explanation was a bit puzzling so that all the students looked up at him with an expression of puzzlement (puzzle). 10.Jenny pulled her car over and stopped. 11.Holland has two thirds the citizens of the State of New York,which is four times (time)the size
40、of Holland. 12.I think it interesting to study English.,-41-,.话题写作(航天科技) (一)根据提示翻译句子 1.我们不知道火星上是否有生命。 (whether) We dont know whether there is life on Mars. 2.火星上几乎没有氧气,中午的温度可能在50度左右,而晚上则在零下100度左右。 这阻止我们在那里生活。(prevent.from.) There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at
41、 noon and 100 degrees below zero at night.And it prevents us from living there. 3.既然火星与地球完全不同,如果有朝一日我们计划去火星,我们就要带上氧气、 食物、 衣服和住所。(now that) Now that Mars is quite different from our earth,if we are going to Mars one day,we should take along our own oxygen,food,clothing as well as shelter.,-42-,4.我们是否
42、能成功登上火星完全取决于科学技术的发展。(depend on) Whether we can land on Mars successfully or not all depends on the development of science and technology.,-43-,(二)将第(一)题中的句子,按照合理的逻辑顺序,加入适当的过渡词,连句成篇。根据表达的需要可适当增加细节。 We dont know whether there is life on Mars.Whether we can land on Mars successfully or not all depends
43、on the development of science and technology.There is almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night,which prevents us from living there.Now that Mars is quite different from our earth,if we are going to Mars one day,we should take along our own oxygen,food,clothing as well as shelter.,
