1、1Unit 1 Cultural relics .阅读理解A(2018全国)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth o
2、f the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two year
3、s later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was
4、covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men f
5、or the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard
6、 there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。城市自有它形成的原因。本文主要介绍加拿大城市 Dawson(道森),它昔日因为金矿
7、而迅速兴起,现在则只能以旅游业作为主产业。1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture. B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position. D.Its favourable climate.答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications a
8、nd trade. New York City, for 2example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知,像纽约市这样的城市往往占据重要的地理位置,交通、通信和贸易方便,由此推知答案为 C项。2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.
9、D.Half of them died.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由第二段末的“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.”可知,最早来淘金的 20,000人里,有 4,000人依靠挖掘黄金致富,占总人数的 1/5,所以答案为 B项。 3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the cit
10、y too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.答案 B解析 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded.when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawso
11、n City as quickly as they had come.”可知,金矿被开采殆尽,特别是当得知阿拉斯加发现新的金矿后,人们已经没有兴趣继续留在这里。据此得出导致很多人离开Dawson的主要原因是要到别处寻找新的金矿,答案为 B项,A 项并非原因;C 项文中没有提及,所以排除;最后一段虽然提到“Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.”,但这并不是导致人们离开的主要原因,所以排除 D项。4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The g
12、old rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。A 项“一座城市的兴衰”;B 项“加拿大淘金热”;C 项“荒野之旅”;D 项“道森的旅游业”。文中主要介绍加拿大城市 Dawson(道森)因为金矿而崛起,又因为金矿被开采殆尽而衰落,经济只能依靠旅游业支撑,所以 A项能准确概括文章内容;文章重心在讲城市的形成,而非淘金热活动本身,所以 B项排除;C 项与文章内容不符,排除;道森的旅游业只在文章最后一段最后一句提到,不能作为主旨内容。B(2018浙江湖州五月适应性考试)3If you
13、 are planning on travelling,there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.First of all,always check and double-check departure time.It is amazing how few people really do this carefully.Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten.My secretary
14、 had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10:50.When I arrived at the airport,the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed.Therefore,I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.The second rule is to remember that
15、even in this age of credit cards,it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency with you when you arrive in a country.This can be necessary if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.A few years ago I was sent to Tulsa,Oklahoma.I flew there from London via Dallas
16、,with very little time to change planes in between.I arrived there at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed.The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars,I offered to pay in pounds instead.“Listen!I only take real money!” The driver said angrily.Luckily I was abl
17、e to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel,but it was very embarrassing.The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave.I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May,when it is still fair
18、ly cool in London or Manchester,to places like Athens,Rome or Madrid,where it is already beginning to get warm during the day.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者结合自己的亲身经历告诉读者,在旅游出发前及游玩过程中应该注意的一些事项。5.According to the passage,its obvious that . A.the author learns some rules of travelling from his own experienceB.the a
19、uthor doesnt plan his trips or journeys carefullyC.Englishmen like to wear heavy suits wherever they travelD.the American taxi driver never travels to England答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二、三段可知,作者从自己的亲身旅游经历中学到了一些经验教训。故选 A项。6.What does the underlined word “there” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.London. B.Manchester.C
20、.Tulsa. D.Dallas.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“A few years ago I was sent to Tulsa,Oklahoma.I flew there.”可知,there 此处指“Tulsa”。故选 C项。47.What can we learn from the passage?A.People should choose warm places as their travel destinations.B.People dont have to take credit cards when traveling.C.One should know
21、more about the weather of the place hell visit.D.One should take enough change when traveling to other countries.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,由于不了解旅游目的地的天气情况,一些英国人在当地还比较寒冷的五月却穿着厚厚的衣服到比较暖和的地方游玩。故选 C项。.七选五(2018安徽江淮十校第二次联考)Life getting you down?Learn to bounce back“That which does not kill us makes us stron
22、ger,” Nietzsche said.There are a number of ways that can get us through tough times,help us to bounce back and make us happier. 1 Find something you can control.2 But taking small,positive steps in any area of our life can have a ripple effect,enabling us to move forward in the problem area. 3 As a
23、species,we tend to focus on whats wrong rather than whats right.But we can benefit a lot from paying attention to whats going right.Psychologists have shown consciously focusing on these good things helps to increase our experience of positive emotions.Check your thinking.4 Leading psychologist Mart
24、in Seligman found that the way we interpret the causes of everyday setbacks can have a significant impact on our ability to cope and our physical health.He also showed we can learn more resilient (有弹性的) thinking styles. Distract yourself.When we are immersed in a problem,it is hard to think creative
25、ly about ways to deal with it.It often helps to take time out from the things you are worrying about. 5 Not only does this give us a break from what were doing and our worries,its also great for our minds. A.Always do something that is right.B.Its true that there are lots of things we cant control.C
26、.An effective way of taking time out is exercise.D.Next time you are feeling stressed or stuck,give them a try.E.Focus on whats right.F.Next time something goes wrong for you,pause for a moment.5G.The way we think can destroy our own resilience.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。有时候生活中的诸多因素会给人们带来压力,让人心情沮丧。但是在困难的时候
27、有很多方法可以帮助我们恢复原有的精神,让我们更加快乐。1.D 上文提到了有很多方法可以帮助我们渡过难关,帮我们重新振作,让我们更加快乐,而下文则是对这些方法的介绍,D 项的内容可以起到承上启下的作用。故选 D项。2.B 本段标题是建议人们找一些自己可以控制的事情做,从中获得信心,再根据后句的转折可知 B项符合语境。故选 B项。3.E 根据本段中的 focus on,pay attention to等关键信息,尤其是第一句话可以判断选 E项。A项的侧重点是让人们去做正确的事情,作为本段的小标题不合适。4.G 根据段落小标题和下文内容可知本段讨论的是思维方式对人的影响。故选 G项。5.C 前句内容
28、是建议人们要学会从忧虑中走出来,后句提到这样做的好处,由此判断 C项符合语境。故选 C项。.应用文写作学校发现最近经常有学生违反学校规定,通过美团、饿了么等手机 App点购外卖。假设你是新华中学学生会主席李华,请你代表学生会拟一份书面通知。内容包括:1.重申禁令;2.陈述禁令原因;3.呼吁同学们自觉遵守学校规定。词数要求:80 词左右。参考词汇:禁止 ban,禁令 restriction,违反 violate,美团 Meituan,饿了么 ElemeNotice参考范文NoticeRecently,some students are found secretly ordering takeou
29、t on “Meituan” or “Eleme”,which obviously violates the school restrictions.Food safety has always been a big concern to us all,and the violation has undoubtedly doubled our trouble with this problem as well as our school management.To strictly enforce the school regulation,the Student Union is emphasizing this restriction here again.Please do your little bit to make our campus clean and harmonious.Your effort will really make a big difference.Student Union
