1、专题十二 名词性从句,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it做形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。it做形式主语后接that引导的主语从句时,that不可以省略。what引导的主语从句不能用it做形式主语代替。 How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,Exactly w
2、hen the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. 马铃薯具体是在什么时候被引入欧洲的并不确定,但有可能是在1565年左右。 What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. 当今所缺乏的正是青少年对自主权的渴望与他们对一个不安全世界的了解之间的矛盾。 That she will
3、succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed. 她肯定会成功。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,2.it做形式主语的常见句型 (1)It is+名词(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+从句。 It is no surprise that we will win the match. (2)It is+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible, likely,c
4、ertain等)+从句。 (2014北京)It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so. 一点都不令人吃惊的是,年轻人很可能会情绪迸发,特别是当有理由去这样做时。 (3)It is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+从句。 It is said that Mr.Smith has arrived.,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点
5、一,考点七,1.动词和介词后面都可以跟宾语从句。大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟宾语从句。介词后只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。 (2017全国)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily. 三年前如果有人告诉我我将大部分周末用来去野营,我会大笑。 (2016天津)You begin to realize that your boy in your footsteps,coul
6、d probably accomplish what you hoped for.,你开始意识到,让你的孩子追随你的脚步可能会实现你所期望的东西。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,(2016全国)At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions. 在活动中,你可以见到种植专家,并与他们探讨哪些品种最适合你的条件。 I dont think (that) you are right. 我认为你不对。,-8-,考点二,考点三,
7、考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,2.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,需用it做形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们有必要每天喝足够的开水。 3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等后接宾语从句时,常在从句前面加it。 I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜
8、欢他们吃着东西说话。 4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容词后也可接宾语从句。 Im sure that they can make it.我确定他们会成功。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.跟在be或者其他系动词后的从句为表语从句。that引导表语从句时不能省略。 (2016浙江)An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. 流言带来的一个重要的负面影响是它会伤害那个被
9、谈论的人。 As John Lennon once said,life is what/whatever happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 正如约翰列侬曾经说过的,生活就是当你忙于制订其他的计划时,所发生在你身上的事情。 The message of Saving Private Ryan is that humans want peace,not war. 拯救大兵瑞恩传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,2.主句主语为idea,advice,sugge
10、stion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应该用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。 His suggestion is that we(should) change our course. 他建议我们改变航线。 3.主语为名词reason时,表语从句的连接词用that,不用why或者because。 The reason for the accident is that the driver was too careless. 事故的原因是司机太大意。 4.because,as if,as though,as等也可引导表语从句。
11、 From space,the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面大约71%的地方被水覆盖着。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容或者性质的从句。 1.常见的能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,
12、decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。 It was sad news that a music professor in Beijing committed suicide days ago. 几天前,北京的一位音乐教授自杀了,这是个不幸的消息。 (2017天津)As I began my own personal weight program,I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before. 当我开始自
13、己的减肥计划时,内心充满了恐惧,担心重蹈以前减肥失败的覆辙。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略。 Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah,but I have no idea why he did it;thats one of his favorite universities. 昨天迈克拒绝接受来自耶鲁大学的录取通知书是真的吗? 是
14、的,但是我不能理解他为什么这样做;那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而是被别的成分隔开。 The story goes that William Tell did kill the king. 故事流传说威廉泰尔确实杀了国王。 4.doubt后面的从句要根据具体情况选择引导词。 doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether/if引导,同位语从句用whether引导;用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that引导。 You can complain,but I doubt whe
15、ther it will make any difference. 你可以发牢骚,但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。 There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. 毫无疑问下周我们要考试。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if: 1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。 Whether you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood. 你与同学相处得是否融洽
16、会影响你的情绪。 2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 We should discuss the question whether we can finish it on time carefully. 我们要认真讨论一下我们是否能按时完成任务这个问题。 3.所引导的从句做介词宾语时。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 这都要看他们是否会借给我们钱。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,4.从句后有“or not”时。 (2016江苏)He just doesnt care whether
17、his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish. 他就是不在意他的邻居有没有得到食物。猩猩真的很自私。 5.后接动词不定式时。 I dont know whether to go to the party. 我不知道是否去参加聚会。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam m
18、ade me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分) 他考试没及格令我很惊讶。 He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 除了有点粗心以外,他是一个好学生。,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。what具有双重作用,既能引导从句,又能在从句中作成分。作主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。 “Every time you
19、 eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(what 指“说的话”) “每次吃糖,要喝点绿茶,” 这是我母亲过去常告诉我的。 A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not what ships are built for.(作for的宾语,意思为“什么样的用途”) 船停泊在港湾里会很安全,但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。,-18-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,You will know what side effect the med
20、icine brings about.(做定语,意思为“什么样的”) 你将会知道这种药会带来什么副作用。 He lives in what we call “spring city”.(表示“的地方”) =He lives in the place that we call “spring city”. 他住在一个叫“春城”的地方。 You dont know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 你不知道他们是多么好的学生。,-19-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点七,3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为
21、“哪一个”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中做主语或宾语,且只能指物。 Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one? I will buy the book which you choose for you. 告诉我你更喜欢哪本书,红色的还是蓝色的? 我给你买你选中的那本。 4.A is to B what C is to D.A对于B 就像C对于D一样。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水
22、对于鱼一样。,-20-,.用适当的连接词填空 1.(2017江苏)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of what it used to charge. 2.(2017天津)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt. 3.(2017北京)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not kn
23、owing where she was heading. 4.(2016江苏)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 5.(2016北京)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 6.(2016天津)The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do
24、.,-21-,7.What do you think of the enthusiasm of the people in Aukland? Well,its what remains unchanged. 8.Can we finish our task by the weekend? It all depends on whether we can get Mr.Smiths cooperation. 9.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often t
25、here are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 10.The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.,-22-,11.To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products. 12.(2018北京) Without his support,we wouldnt be where we are now. 13.All t
26、he students of Grade 3 are studying hard in order to gain admission to what they believe is an ideal university. 14.The problem is that one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 15.You can tell about a person by what he says about others in their absence. 16.(2018北京) This
27、is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best. 17.The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.,-23-,18.(2018天津) The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 19.(2018江苏) By boat is the only way to get here,which
28、is how we arrived.,-24-,.根据短文内容,用恰当的词填空 Twenty years ago few people realized 1. that computers were about to become part of our daily lives.This short period of time has seen enormous changes,in business,education and public administration.Jobs,2. which used to take weeks to complete,are now carried
29、 out in minutes.Clerks 3. who spent all day copying and checking calculations are now freed from these boring tasks.,-25-,School children have become as familiar with hardware and software 4. as their parents were with pencils and exercise books.Computerisation(电脑化) of public records has enabled gov
30、ernment departments to analyse the needs of citizens in detail.Some of us may wonder,however,5.whether life has really improved as a result of these changes.Many jobs disappeared,for example,6.when intelligent machines took over the work.Employers complain 7.that clerical staff have become so depend
31、ent on calculators 8.that they cant do simple arithmetic.There are fears 9.that governments have not done enough to make sure that personal information held on computers is really kept secret. There is no doubt 10.that many people are worrying about the problems that the spread of computers has brou
32、ght us.,-26-,解析:1. 此处为宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分,故用that引导,在句中只起连接作用。 2.此处为非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,先行词为jobs,指物,故用which。 3. 先行词为clerks“职员”,关系词在定语从句中做主语,且指人,故用who。 4. 根据前面的as familiar.可知,此处为as.as.“和一样”,故填as。 5. whether引导宾语从句。句意:一些人或许会纳闷生活是否真的由于这些变化而改善了。,-27-,6. 句意:例如许多工作在被智能机器接管了以后便消失了。when引导时间状语从句。 7. 此处为及物动词complain“抱怨”后的宾语从句,且从句成分完整,引导词在从句中只起连接作用,故应填that。 8. 根据前面的so dependent.可知,此处为so.that.“如此以至于”句式,引导结果状语从句。 9. 此处为fears的同位语从句,说明“担心”的具体内容,从句成分完整,引导词在从句中只起连接作用,故应填that。 10. There is no doubt that.“毫无疑问”,that引导同位语从句。,
