1、专题十四 构词法,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,合成法就是由两个或更多的词合成一个词。词与词之间有的用连字符“-”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的分开写。 1.合成名词,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,2.合成形容词,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,3.合成副词,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,4.其他合成词,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,1.前缀
2、派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,2.后缀,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-18-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,-19-,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2016浙江)This book explores the musical (music) interest and needs of children in their daily lives. 2
3、.(2016四川) Surprisingly (surprise),these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.,解析:考查名词对应的形容词形式。因为interest是名词,其前面应用形容词来修饰。句意:这本书探索了孩子们在日常生活中对音乐的兴趣及所需。,解析:从本句结构上来看,空格要填的词位于句首,有些副词可置于句首来修饰主句,做状语,由此可知,应用surprisingly。句意:令人吃惊的是,这些人们主要依据自己的法规和社会习俗来生活。,-20-,3.(2016四川)In the dept
4、hs(deep) of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.4.(2016北京)She created a website page,matching survivors (survive) in need with donors who wanted to help.,解析:此空考查名词的复数形式,空格前是一冠词,故此处应用deep的名词形式depth表示“深处,深渊”的意思,且depth是可数名词,通常用复数形式。句意:在法属圭亚那雨林深处仍保留
5、着一群不寻常的土著居民。,解析:根据句意“她创建了一个网站,把有需要的幸存者与愿意给予帮助的捐助者进行了匹配”可知,此处考查动词相对应的名词形式。由于没有冠词应泛指“幸存者”,故用复数形式。,-21-,5.(2016全国)Silence may be thoughtful(thought),or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.6.(2016全国)Frank Hurley,a confident and gifted(gift) Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,w
6、as hired to make the images,most of which have never before been published.,解析:考查名词的形容词形式。由句子结构可知,空格处是做be动词的表语,根据前半句句意“沉默也许是在深思”可知,应用形容词做表语。,解析:空格处后是Australian photographer,故所给词应用形容词形式做定语,且and前并列用了形容词confident,故用gift的-ed形式演变成的形容词。,-22-,7.Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreeme
7、nt with the national soccer reform.8.They gave money to the old peoples home either personally (personal) or through their companies.,解析:考查名词。动词make之后应该接宾语,由于没有冠词,所以空格处应该填写复数形式adjustments。句意:一些学校将不得不作出调整,以适应国家足球改革。,解析:考查形容词对应的副词形式。分析句子结构可知空格处需要填副词并与through their companies构成并列状语。句意:他们亲自或通过公司向敬老院捐款。,-
8、23-,9.It was considerate(consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.10.The girl used to be shy,but is gradually(gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.,解析:考查动词对应的形容词形式。句意:迈克尔想得很周到,他通知我们他耽搁的事情,以免我们担心。considerate“考虑周详的,体贴的”,本句应用了句型“It is
9、/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。,解析:考查形容词对应的副词形式。分析句子结构可知此处需要副词gradually来修饰动词短语“getting active”。句意:这个女孩过去很腼腆,但现在逐渐地积极参加集体活动,也更乐意表达自己了。,11.The successful(success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.12.Its not really surprising (surprise) that reading became her vo
10、cation.,解析:句意:这位成功的渔夫邀请长官来陪伴他以便进行观察。分析句子结构可知所填词位于名词前做定语,用形容词。,解析:本句中的it指代后面that从句的内容;根据句意用以修饰一件事情,所以使用现在分词转换的形容词surprising “令人惊讶的”做表语。,-24-,-25-,13.Its so uncomfortable(comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.14.It was a little far to her car and it was a foggy(fog
11、) day yesterday in Missouri.,解析:根据空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判断前面应填“不舒服的”,Its后应用形容词做表语,故填uncomfortable。,解析:此处为形容词做定语,修饰名词day,故用foggy。,-26-,15.(2018全国)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good runni
12、ng shoes. 16.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly(blind). 17.What was so impressive (impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted. 18.(2018全国)Running is cheap,easy and its always energetic(e
13、nergy). 19.(2018全国)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption. 20.(2018全国)This switch has decreased pollution(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.,-27-,21.Although she brushed
14、the old pot thoroughly(thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very upset. 22.(2018浙江)The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be affordable(afford) but doing this most days adds up. 23.(2018浙江)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the
15、 increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight(weigh) problems. 24.When she was in elementary school,Diana was enthusiastic(enthusiasm) about becoming a police officer,but quit the ambition after learning that she wont be able to dye her hair or wear her favorite necklace and rings. 25.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something unusual(usual).Can someone have got in?,
