1、专题三 介词和介词短语,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.in用在表示年、季节、月份,或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前;on用在表示某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前;at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的词前。 We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday. 我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,2.for后接“一段时间”,表示某事持续多久,多与完成时连用;during表示“在
2、期间”;through表示“一直,自始至终”。 (201711浙江,听力)Im so worried.I havent heard from my sister for two weeks. 我非常担心。我已经有两周没有收到妹妹的来信了。 (2017全国,完形填空)The story began during my first week at college. 故事发生在我大学的第一周。 They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,3.from,si
3、nce from表示时间的起点,意为“从”,多用于“from.to/till.”中;since表示“自从以来”。 I have been waiting here from morning till noon. 我在这里从早上等到中午。 (2016北京)Since 1992,there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild,and there are now more than 150 flying over California. 自1992年以来,已经有多次重新引入野生动物,目前有150多只飞翔在加州上空。 注意:for和since都
4、常与完成时连用,但for接时间段,since接时间点。如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week从上周直到现在。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,4.before,by,till,until before指“在之前”,与after相对。by指“不迟于,到时为止,在以前”,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用;by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用。till(until)“直到为止”,在肯定句中,till/until必须与延续性动词连用;在否定句中,till/until常与非延续性动词连用。 Please co
5、me before ten oclock. 请在十点钟以前回来。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 在9月30日之前,你必须支付账单。 You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等他到明天。,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,5.after,in after+一段时间:表示“在之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。 in+一段时间:表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后,
6、与一般将来时连用;但表示“在之内”时,用于各种时态。 After eight it began to rain.八点后开始下雨。 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.on意为“在的上面”;over意为“在(垂直)的正上方”;above意为“在(不一定垂直)的上方”;under意为“在(垂直)的正下方”;below意为“在(不一定垂直)的下方”;
7、near意为“在附近”;next to意为“紧挨着”;round/around意为“在周围”;by意为“在旁边”;along表示沿着街、路、河岸等;across主要表示从某物的表面“横过”,涉及“面”的概念;past意为“从旁经过”;up表示向上,由南到北,由西到东,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市,反之则用down;through指从某物的内部“穿过”;over还可指“越过”某一障碍物。,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,Pipes carry oil across the desert. 输油管横过沙漠。 It took u
8、s ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. 我们开车10分钟穿过了隧道。 2.表示两者的位置关系时,in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”;on表示“接壤,相邻”;to表示“相离,相隔”,两者不属同一范围,也不接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古与中国北部接壤。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.at表示“以速度,以价格”。 The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price woul
9、d be because he was desperate for money. 一个人以低价卖盐的唯一原因可能是因为他非常需要钱。 2.for表示“用交换,以为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百美元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price),for表示总钱数。 3.by表示“按计算”,后跟度量单位。接具体单位前用定冠词the,接具体度量名词时该名词前不加冠词。 They are paid by the day. 他们按天计算报酬。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.by表示用某种方
10、式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail通过电子邮件。 注意:表示搭乘交通工具用by时,名词前不加冠词;用in时,名词前要加冠词。请比较: I went there by car/in a car. 我开车去那儿。 2.with表示“用某种具体工具、身体的某部分或器官”。 We speak with our mouths. 我们用嘴说话。 注意:with表示用某种工具时,名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,3.in表示用某种材料或语言。 Please speak in English and
11、 write in ink. 请用英语说并用墨水写。 4.through表示“以(方法、手段),经由”,后面多接抽象名词。 You can only achieve success through hard work. 只有通过努力工作,你才能获得成功。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,besides表示包含,“除之外还有”。except表示排除,“除之外”,指整体里面排除部分,后面可接代词、副词、介词短语,还可接that从句或wh-从句。 but表示排除,多与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,ev
12、eryone,all,who等连用,其后可以接不定式。 except for表示“除之外”,常在说明基本情况后,从细节上加以修正。 apart from表示“此外,除之外还有”,相当于besides/as well as;表示“撇开来说,除去”,相当于except(for);in addition to表示“除之外还有”,相当于besides。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,In addition to reading for knowledge,we read for fun and inspiration. 我们读书除了求知,还为
13、了乐趣和灵感。 Beijing is a beautiful city,except for its traffic. 除了交通问题,北京是一座很美的城市。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.for表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用。 The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children. 史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。 2.at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而”。 He was s
14、urprised at the news. 他对这个消息感到吃惊。 3.from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。 The young man died from an accident. 那个年轻人死于车祸。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,4.of指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿,年老等。 The old man died of hunger. 那个老人饿死了。 5.with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。 He was trembling with cold. 他冷得发抖。 6.by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某
15、种结果的原因。 She took your umbrella by mistake. 她错拿了你的伞。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.of+抽象名词=形容词 of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词 of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词 The book is of great value to our research. 这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。 This old machine is of no use. 这台旧机器没用了。 2.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉” to+ones+情感名词=t
16、o the+情感名词+of sb. To our great surprise,the boy lied to the teacher. 令我们非常吃惊的是,那个男孩对老师撒谎了。,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.(表示方向)与方向相反;逆着;迎着;顶着 against the wind 迎着风;逆着风 2.(表示方位)紧靠着;倚靠着 against the wall 靠着墙 3.(表示对象)对不利;对有害;以为竞争对手;违反;违背 fight against同战斗;against the natural law 违背自然规律 (2
17、016北京)Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults. 此外,大学里控制和塑造学生行为的倾向与青年人的另一个性格特征背道而驰。 4.(表示对比)和比;和对照;以为背景 against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景,-18-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.(表示位置)在往另一边;在往那一边;在往的更远处 The h
18、ouse is beyond the bridge. 房子在桥那边。 2.(表示时间)迟于;晚于;在之后 Dont stay here beyond midnight. 不要在这里过夜。 3.(表示范围)超出;非所能及 The switch on the wall was beyond the babys reach. 墙上的开关小孩子是够不到的。,-19-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,4.(表示程度)超出的范围;超过;对来说太难 Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades. 数学对我来说很难。
19、我从来都得不了高分。 5.(表示数目)多于;超过 There werent beyond twenty people present. 出席的人不超过20个。,-20-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,1.at at lunch在吃午饭 at table在吃饭 at school在上学 at church在做礼拜 at peace在和平时期 at first=at the beginning初期 at the beginning of 在的初始阶段 at the end of.在结束时,-21-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考
20、点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,2.in in a sense从某种意义上说 in common共同;共有 in place在适当的位置 in practice在实际中;实际上 in public公开地;当众 in turn 依次;轮流;反过来 in case 以免;万一 in detail 详细地 in office 在执政 in power 当权;在执政 in progress在进行中,-22-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,in return 作为回报 in time 及时;最终 in the way 挡路 in exchange for
21、用以交换 in favour of 同意;支持 in the meanwhile 同时 in spite of 不管;不顾 in terms of 就来说 in addition to 此外,除以外,-23-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,3.on on behalf of 代表 on condition that 以作为条件 on sale出售 on strike在罢工 on the increase正在增加 on the go忙个不停 on the air正在广播 on the contrary 相反,-24-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点
22、五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,4.under under control 在控制之中 under discussion在讨论中 under development在发展中 under construction在建设中 under repair在修理中 5.for for free 免费 for lack of 由于缺乏 for the benefit of 为了的利益 as for 就而论;关于,-25-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点九,6.by by chance=by accident 偶然;碰巧 by name 用名字
23、;名叫 by far 到目前为止 7.out of out of order发生故障;失调 out of place不得其所的;不适当的 out of control 失去控制 out of ones reach 某人够不着的地方 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问,-26-,.用适当的介词或介词短语填空 1.(201610浙江)Drinking my iced coffee,I ran my fingers along the streets from the hotel to the opera hall. 2.(2017全国)Afte
24、r school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree in engineering or architecture. 3.(2017天津)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be among trees that are over 1,000 years old. 4.(2017北京)Many people who live along the coast
25、 make a living in fishing industry. 5.(2016江苏)The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.,-27-,6.(2016江苏)But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,they have little instinct(本能) to help one another. 7.(2016天津)Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clon
26、e,not in features but in footsteps. 8.(2016天津)We require the students full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance. 9.(2016四川)Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area,which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest. 10.For those who fly to Guilin,its only
27、 an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 11. At the same time,they warm up again for the night.,-28-,12.Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 above the average. 13.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes to animals both on land
28、 and sea? 14.A common memory they all have of their school days is the school uniform. 15.(2018全国) I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. 16.Seeing the sunlight,passers-by or trees outside might make you more aware of how you look,might make you think about walki
29、ng or might inspire you to choose a green salad. 17.Her interest in reading also benefited from the fact that her parents only let her watch half an hour of TV a day.,-29-,18.To our delight,the kids quickly adjusted themselves to the situation. 19. To their amazement,they found that it was effective
30、 in trapping all the articles. 20.The room he has just rented is about 9 meters in length and 3 meters wide.,-30-,.用适当的介词完成句子(每空一词) 1.穿着红衣服的女孩们在讲意大利语。 The girls dressed in red were speaking in Italian. 2.他们面临的任务似乎远远超出他们的能力。 The tasks they were faced with seemed far beyond their ability. 3.由于你没有告诉我,我对你很生气。 Im pretty angry with you for not telling me. 4.她躺在床上,闭着双眼。 She lay in bed with her eyes closed. 5.她一听到这消息就痛哭流涕。On hearing the news,she burst into tears.,
