1、专题六 动词的时态和语态,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。 He goes to school every day.他每天去上学。(经常性动作) (201711,浙江)Im very happy to be invited to this program today. 今天应邀参加这个节目我很高兴。(现在的状态) 2.表示永恒的状态或真理。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“beca
2、use every step shows.” 祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。” The moon moves around the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时,而不用将来时。 When you help others,it will make you feel better about yourself. 当你帮助他人时,会让你自我感觉更好。 (201
3、4大纲全国)Unless some extra money is found,the theatre will close. 除非能再弄到些钱,否则剧院将关闭。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4.按时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So what is the procedure? All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority. 那
4、程序是怎么安排的呢? 在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。 The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车将于8点钟发车。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.will 表示将来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 (2017全国)Which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? 哪一部剧将在中国国家大剧院上演? Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死掉。 2.be
5、 going to (1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。 (201610浙江)Im going to find a better spot for us to camp. 我打算找个更好的地方为我们去宿营。 (2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。 It is going to rain.天要下雨了。,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.be to (1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 Are we to go on with this work? 我们要继续这项工作吗? (2)表示说话人的意志、意
6、图、职责、义务、命令等。 We are to take care of the children. 我们应该照顾好孩子们。 (3)表示注定要发生的事情。 Her plan is to be a failure. 她的计划注定要失败。,-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4.be about to 表示即将发生的动作,不与具体的时间状语连用,可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。 The plane is about to leave. 飞机即将起飞。 5.will与be going to的区别 will多表示说话时
7、才做出的决定,或临时决定做某事。be going to表示事先经过考虑或做好安排将要做某事。 What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you. 现在几点了? 我不知道。但是稍等一会儿,我帮你确认一下。,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,过去时间内发生的动作,或者过去反复发生的动作。 (2016全国乙)But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the
8、 lady on the desk said,“Well,Im really sorry.Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” 但当我到了Providence的值机前台时,值机小姐说:“真的很遗憾,告诉您一个不好的消息从华盛顿来的航班没有了。” Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year,teaching as a volunteer. 很长时间没有见你
9、了!你去哪了? 我去宁夏待了一年,作为一个志愿者在那里教学。 (2016全国乙)I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. 去年在美国的一次途中我遇到了飓风。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,由“be+现在分词”构成。 (2016四川)Were not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.
10、 我们不是在说人人都需要为穷人贡献一生。 2.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet等动词的现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。 Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我要到北京去。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.与always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。 He
11、is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。 4.进行时有时可表示渐变过程。 His health is improving every day. 他的健康状况每天都有好转。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,5.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。 (1)表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。 (2)表示存在的状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。
12、(3)表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词:allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等。 (4)感官动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成。其使用通常有两种情况: 1.所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响,句中没有具体的时间状语。 (201711浙江)Weve been to this place before
13、,and I dont feel the soup tastes any different. 我们以前来过这个地方,(所以)我感觉这个汤尝起来没有不同的地方。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,2.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常与for.和 since.等表示一段时间的状语或 so far等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。 (2016四川)And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it
14、has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. 然而,这个地区的人们实际上是法国人,因为自1946年以来它一直是法兰西共和国的殖民地。 (2016四川)I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years. 我对法属圭亚那人有种特殊的爱。我来来回回在那里工作过几乎十年。 注意:有些表示短暂性动作的词,如 come,go,die,marry,buy等的完成时不能与for,si
15、nce等表示一段时间的状语连用。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作,强调此动作先于主句动作发生。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. 我做完了作业就去你家。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公交车停稳才能下车。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九
16、,表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,或者过去某个阶段正在做的事情。 (2016北京)While I was exploring my curiosity,my disease got worse. 当我正在探索我的求知欲时,病情加重了。 In 1980 he was studying in a university. 1980年,他正在一所大学里学习。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,表示从过去就预计要发生的动作或者存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句常用一般过去时。 At college,Barac
17、k Obama didnt know that he was to become the first black president of the United States of America. 上大学时,巴拉克奥巴马不知道他将来会成为美国的第一位黑人总统。 (201610浙江)I told him that they would be his own chickens and we would buy the eggs from him. 我告诉他,它们将会是他自己的鸡,并且我们将从他那里买鸡蛋。,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一
18、,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作,也可以表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去的另一时间,即“过去的过去”。 (201610浙江)After she had climbed to a high place,she turned around,hoping to see the lake. 在她爬上一处高地后,她转身环顾四周,希望能看到那座湖。 2.表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等,常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式
19、表示,即:hoped/planned.+to have done。 I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so. 我本来想寄给他一张圣诞卡,但我忘了。,-18-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”构成,用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(还要继续下去)的动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。 The manager has been telling the work
20、ers how to improve the program since 9 am. 自从上午9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。 It has been raining for 2 days. 雨已经下了两天了。(表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩),-19-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.一般过去时与现在完成时 时间上有差异:凡有明确的过去时间的均用过去时,不能用完成时,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day。 结果上有差异:现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结
21、果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系。 I came to Beijing last year,and have been here since then. 我去年来的北京,自从那时起我一直在这里。,-20-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,2.一般过去时与过去完成时 这两个时态都和现在没有关系,都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作;而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作。 Wh
22、en I got to the party,many of them had left for home. 当我到达晚会的时候,他们中的多数人已经离开回家了。,-21-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.一般过去时与过去进行时 尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去,但一般过去时着重强调过去的动作,表示已经结束。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样的结果不得而知。 He wrote three letters last night. 他昨晚写了三封信。(表示他写了三封信,暗指都已写完) He wa
23、s writing a letter at 9:00 last night. 昨晚九点,他正在写信。(表示当时他在写信,后来是否写完就未知了),-22-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 (1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作的持续性。 I have painted my new house. 我已经给我的新房子上完漆了。(强调已完成) I have been painting my new house. 我一直在给
24、我的新房子上漆。(强调动作还在继续) (2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复,现在完成时一般不表示反复性。 Have you been meeting our teacher these days? 这些天来你一直见到我们老师吗?(强调动作的反复) Have you met our teacher recently? 近来你见过我们的老师吗?(强调结果),-23-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用一般过去时。 Hardly
25、 had I opened the door when Tom came in. 我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。 2.since,in the last/past+一段时间,so far,recently等常与现在完成时搭配。 Great changes have taken place in our country in the last few years. 过去的几年里我们国家发生了巨大的变化。 3.This/That/It is/was the first/second.time+that从句,若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若主句中为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。 This i
26、s the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。,-24-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4.“by+时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。 You will have learned about 3,000 words by the end of next month. 到下月底你们将已学习3000个单词。 5.It+be.before.“要过才”或“在以后才”。在这个句型中,若be动
27、词用一般过去时,则before 从句中常用一般过去时;若be动词用将来时,则before 从句中常用一般现在时。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some time before Brian gets back. 很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。 6.was/were about to do.when.在when引导的从句中,谓语动词用过去式。 I was about to leave when he came in. 我正要离开这时他进来了。,-25-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点
28、一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1.表示状态特征的系动词,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等构成的系表结构。 The soup smells good but tastes terrible. 这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。 2.表示主语某种属性、特征的动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。 This kind of material washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,clos
29、e,stop,end,run等。 The shop closes at 6 pm.every day. 这家商店每天下午六点关门。,-26-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。 (201610浙江)Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal
30、 tickets worth $36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. 在假日酒店的客人一旦产出10瓦电就可得价值36美元的餐券。 (2016四川)The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. 由于一位名叫Gin的法国人的努力,这些民族的生活最终被记录了下来。,-27-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考
31、点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,几种特殊形式的被动结构: 1.“be+过去分词+不定式”形式的被动结构 He is reported to have broken a world record. 据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。 2.“It+be+过去分词+从句”形式的被动结构 Its said that they have discovered a new star. 据说他们发现了一颗新星。,-28-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3.“get+done”构成的被动结构 get married 结婚;get h
32、urt受伤;get lost迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped被困 (20176浙江)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish. Pahlsson和她丈夫现在认为戒指可能被扫进了一堆厨房垃圾里,-29-,.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1.(2018北京)Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working (work) as a volunteer in the neighborho
33、od when I visited her last year. 2.(2018北京)Chinas high-speed railways have grown(grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. 3.(2017全国)Later,engineers managed(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known as the Tube. 4.(2017全国)Sarah has been told/w
34、as told(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel,earning a million dollars in the next year.,-30-,5.(2017全国)Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school comes(come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.” 6.(2017天津)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogg
35、ing and swimming, is regarded (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 7.(2017天津)I was driving(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.,8.(2018北京)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped (trap) in the mountains for two d
36、ays. 9.(2018天津)My washing machine is being repaired (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.,-31-,10.(2018江苏)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we will have developed (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. 11.(2018江苏)I was sent
37、to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried(carry) out in the past two years. 12.(201610浙江)The political situation in Libya will become even worse unless some measures are taken(take). 13.(2018全国)While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it is
38、(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.,-32-,.完成句子 1.她现在正在手术室接受手术。 She is being operated on in the operating room now. 2.我到门口时,他们正在看电视。 They were watching TV when I came to the door. 3.到上周末为止,我们已经学了100篇短文了。 We had learned 100 passages by the end of last weekend. 4.明
39、年的这个时候,我们肯定坐在大学的教室里了。 By this time next year,we shall/will be sitting in a classroom in university. 5.这间办公室禁止吸烟。 Smoking is forbidden/banned in this office.,-33-,6.刚才我们给小女孩5分钟时间决定是否做这件事。 The little girl was given five minutes by us to decide whether to do it or not just now. 7.如果不制止城市噪音的持续上升,人们20年后甚
40、至在同一张饭桌上都要提高嗓门说话才能听见。 If city noises are not kept from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the same dinner table in 20 years. 8.这工作一定是他昨天做的。 This work must have been done by him yesterday. 9.要凑齐这套邮票,我还需要一张。 I need one more stamp before my collection of this kind is completed . 10.这种材料摸起来很柔软。 This material feels very soft.,
