中考数学二轮复习专题二解答重难点题型突破题型一简单几何图形的探究与计算课件20190221229.ppt

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1、题型一 简单几何图形的探究与计算,专题二 解答重难点题型突破,考情总结:简单几何图形的探究与计算是近五年河南中招考试的必考点,分值为9分,考查背景除2013年以四边形为背景外近四年均为圆,设问除2017年为与切线有关的证明与计算外,20132016年第二问均以填空题的形式探究特殊四边形存在时的条件,类型一 特殊四边形的探究(2013、2016.18,2014、2015.17) 【例1】如图,已知AB是半圆O的直径,ABC90,点D是半圆O上一动点(不与点A、B重合),且ADCO. (1)求证:CD是O的切线;,(2)填空:当BAD_度时,OBC和ABD的面积相等; 当BAD_度时,四边形OBC

2、D是正方形.,60,45,【分析】(1)要证明CD是O的切线,连接OD.已知CBO是直角,则证明CODCOB,即可推出ODCOBC90,进而可得CD是O的切线;(2)OBC和ABD的面积相等,由AB2OB,根据特殊三角形的边角关系得BAD60时满足;当四边形OBCD是正方形则可得DOB90,AOD为等腰直角三角形,则BAD45.,【方法指导】河南中招考试中特殊四边形的探究为重点考查内容(1)首先需掌握特殊四边形的性质和判定条件等基本性质;(2)根据特殊四边形的判定条件和特殊四边形的性质,将所求的线段转化到直角三角形或相似三角形中,利用勾股定理或相似三角形对应边成比例列方程进行求解若所求值为角度

3、时,考虑结合圆中直径所对的圆周角为直角,半径相等所构成的等腰三角形等,进行求解,45,3,45,类型二 几何问题的证明与计算(2017.18) 【例2】(2017丽水)如图,在RtABC中,C90,以BC为直径的O交AB于点D,切线DE交AC于点E. (1)求证:AADE; (2)若AD16,DE10,求BC的长.,【分析】(1)要证明AADE,根据等角的余角相等,只要证明AB90,ADEB90即可;(2)首先求得AC的长,在RtADC中,利用勾股定理求得DC,设出BD后在RtBDC和RtABC中,利用勾股定理分别表示出BC,联立方程求解即可,(1)证明:如解图,连接OD, DE是切线,ODE

4、90, ADEBDO90, ACB90,AB90, ODOB,BBDO, AADE;,【对应训练】 1如图,已知平行四边形ABCD延长边DC到点E,使CEDC,连接AE,交BC于点F,连接AC、BE. (1)求证:BFCF; (2)若AB2,AD4,且AFC2D,求平行四边形ABCD的面积,(1)证明:四边形ABCD是平行四边形, ABCD,ABCD,BCAD, CEDC,ABEC,ABEC, 四边形ABEC是平行四边形,BFCF;,(1) 证明:如解图,连接OD,BD, BC是O的直径,BDC90,BDAC. ABBC,ADDC. OCOB,ODBC,DEAB,DEOD. 直线DE是O的切线;,

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