青少年的健康饮食.doc

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1、1青少年的健康饮食青少年是指 1017 岁的中、小学生,他们从事紧张的学习,活动量大,尤其处于生长高峰期,每日营养素和能量消耗比开始发育前要增加 2 倍多,故对营养的需求也增多。(1)饮食多样化:合理营养对青少年健康成长及学习有着很重要的意义。按营养学要求,青少年一日的膳食应该有主食、副食,有荤、有素,尽量做到多样化。合理的主食,是除米饭之外,还应吃面粉制品,如面条、馒头、包子、饺子、馄饨等。根据营养学家建议,在主食中可掺食玉米、小米、荞麦、高粱米、甘薯等杂粮。早餐除吃面粉类点心外,还要坚持饮牛奶或豆浆。(2)青少年每天必需的各类食物,如粮食 300500 克(男高中生要绝对保证每天有 500

2、 克主食),肉、禽类 100200 克,豆制品 50100 克,蛋 50100 克,蔬菜350500 克。其他还应多吃水果和坚果类食品和海带、紫菜海产品,香菇、木耳等菌藻类食物,每周也应选择食用。青少年需要钙较多,应多吃些虾皮、糖醋排骨、油煎小鱼(鱼骨可食)、骨头汤等,通过饮食来补充青少年“日长夜大”的骨骼所需要的钙。(3)安排好一日三餐:所谓合理营养,是应该符合生理功能和实际需要的,如早餐要选择热能高的食物,以足够的热能保证上午的活动。有些发达国家很注重早餐,2不仅有牛奶、桔汁,还有煎蛋、果酱、面包和肉类食品。午餐既要补充上午的能量消耗,又要为下午消耗储备能量,因此午餐食品要有丰富的蛋白质和脂肪。至于晚餐则不宜食过多的蛋白质和脂肪,以免引起消化不良和影响睡眠。晚餐以吃五谷类的食品和清淡的蔬菜较适宜。(4)荤素搭配:合理的粮菜混食、荤素搭配,不仅可使人体所需要的营养成分齐全,相互得到补充(即营养的互补作用),而且食物的多样化可促进食欲,增进机体对营养素的吸收和利用。膳食营养素的摄入量可参考中国营养学会制定推荐的“每日膳食中营养素供给量”来对照衡量。

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